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Mexican America
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Introduction  |  History  |  Resources and Credits

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"Mexican America" is a sampling of objects from the collections of the National Museum of American History. The stories behind these objects reflect the history of the Mexican presence in the United States. They illustrate a fundamentally American story about the centuries-old encounter between distinct (yet sometimes overlapping) communities that have coexisted but also clashed over land, culture, and livelihood.

Who, where, and what is Mexico? Over time, the definitions and boundaries of Mexico have changed. The Aztec Empire and the area where Náhautl was spoken—today the region surrounding modern Mexico City—was known as Mexico. For 300 years, the Spanish colonizers renamed it New Spain.


When Mexico was reborn in 1821 as a sovereign nation, its borders stretched from California to Guatemala. It was a huge and ancient land of ethnically, linguistically, and economically diverse regions that struggled for national unity. Texas, (then part of the Mexican state of Coahuila y Tejas) was a frontier region far from the dense cities and fertile valleys of central Mexico, a place where immigrants were recruited from the United States. The immigrants in turn declared the Mexican territory an independent republic in 1836 (later a U.S. state), making the state the first cauldron of Mexican American culture. By 1853, the government of Mexico, the weaker neighbor of an expansionist United States, had lost what are today the states of California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, and parts of Colorado and Wyoming. In spite of the imposition of a new border, the historical and living presence of Spaniards, Mexicans, indigenous peoples, and their mixed descendants remained a defining force in the creation of the American West.


Introducción
“La América Mexicana” es una muestra conformada por objetos provenientes de las distintas colecciones del Museo Nacional de Historia Americana. Estos objetos reflejan la historia de la presencia mexicana en los Estados Unidos e ilustran una crónica fundamentalmente americana acerca del encuentro centenario entre comunidades diferentes que han coexistido, pero que también se han enfrentado, en la pugna por la tierra, la cultura y el sustento.


¿Quién, dónde y qué es México? Con el transcurso del tiempo, las definiciones y los límites de México han ido cambiando. Se conocía como México al Imperio Azteca y toda el área donde se hablaba náhuatl —actualmente la región circundante a la ciudad de México. Durante 300 años los colonizadores españoles se refirieron a ella como Nueva España. Cuando en 1821 México resurgió como una nación soberana, sus fronteras se extendían desde California a Guatemala. En ese entonces era un antiguo e inmenso territorio conformado por regiones étnica, lingüística y económicamente diversas que luchaban por adquirir unidad nacional. Texas (en ese entonces parte de los estados mexicanos de Coahuila y Tejas) era una región fronteriza lejos de las densas urbes y de los fértiles valles de México central, donde se reclutaban inmigrantes de los Estados Unidos. En el año 1836 este territorio mexicano se declaró como república independiente (y más tarde, estado de EE.UU.), convirtiéndose en el primer calderón de la cultura mexicoamericana. Hacia 1853, el gobierno de México, el vecino débil de un Estados Unidos en expansión, había perdido el territorio de los actuales estados de California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, Nuevo México, Texas y partes de Colorado y Wyoming. A pesar de la imposición de un nuevo límite fronterizo, la presencia histórica y ocupacional de los españoles, mexicanos y pueblos indígenas, junto a sus descendientes mestizos, constituiría a lo largo del tiempo una influencia determinante para el desarrollo del Oeste Americano.

Results for “Mexican America”: 35
Showing 1 - 25   |  next »

"La Tierra Nueva en Aztlán"
The evolving civil rights movement of the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s revolutionized the consciousness...
Mexican Guerrilleros (Smithsonian Institution) "Mexican Guerrilleros"
This lithograph illustrates the chaos and conflict engulfing northern Mexico during the years...
Smithsonian Institution "Our Lady of Guadalupe"
The Virgin of Guadalupe is a symbol of religious faith and nationhood. As the patron saint...
The Storming of Chapultepec Sept. 13th 1847 (Smithsonian Institution) "The Storming of Chapultepec"
This print shows American forces attacking the fortress palace of Chapultepec on Sept. 13th,...
Smithsonian Institution "Tierra o Muerte"
Following the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo and the annexation of Texas, the land claims of...
"Valor"
Mexican Americans have served in U.S. armed forces since the Civil War. But it was the generation...
“Orale ese Vato” (Smithsonian Institution) “Orale ese Vato”
As this paño humorously titled Orale ese vato (Spanish for roughly, right...
1879 Almanac (Smithsonian Institution) 1879 Almanac
Titled Un Calendario Curioso para 1879, this almanac was printed in Mexico at the beginning...
Aztec hoe money (Smithsonian Institution) Aztec Hoe Money
This copper tajadero (Spanish for chopping knife) was a form of money used in central...
Bilingual Catechism (Smithsonian Institution) Bilingual Catechism
A catechism is a text used to instruct young people and new converts about Christian beliefs....
Smithsonian Institution Buffalo Hide Painting of Saint Anthony of Padua
The man in this painting, holding an apparition of the baby Jesus, appears to be a saint....
China Poblana Dress (Smithsonian Institution) China Poblana Dress
Mariachis, groups comprised of vocalists, trumpeters, violinists, and various bass and guitar...
Smithsonian Institution Codex Telleriano-Remensis
The civilizations of pre-Hispanic Mexico recorded their histories, religious beliefs, and...
Frozen Margarita Machine (Smithsonian Institution) Frozen Margarita Machine
In the 70's, the margarita surpassed the martini as the most popular American cocktail and...
Goodbye Wetback (Smithsonian Institution) Good Bye Wetback
For centuries in both Mexico and the United States, racism has organized society and regulated...
Hernan Cortes (Smithsonian Institution) Hernan Cortes
This engraving shows Hernán Cortés (1485 1547), the Spanish captain who headed the conquest...
La Llorona Doll (Smithsonian Institution) La Llorona Doll
La Llorona, or the Weeping Woman, is the frightening figure of a heartbroken woman who drowned...
Melinche (Smithsonian Institution) La Malinche
La Malinche, the title of this lithograph, was the indigenous woman who translated...
Mariposa at Patyenaro (Smithsonian Institution) Mariposas at Patyenaro
With the lucrative growth of tourism in 20th century, stereotypical and processed images of...
Market Plaza, Mexico (Smithsonian Institution) Market Plaza Mexico
This aquatint, titled Market Plaza by Geoge O. "Pop" Hart, was printed about 1925,...
Untitled (Smithsonian Institution) Mexican boy
This lithograph of a boy at work was designed in the late 1930s by the Mexican American artist...
Mexican Kitchen (Smithsonian Institution) Mexican Kitchen
The French-born artist Jean Charlot spent his early career during the 1920s in Mexico City....
Night of the Dead (Smithsonian Institution) Night of the Dead
Though anchored in local Roman Catholic traditions, many of the religious beliefs and symbols...
Pancho Villa Candle (Smithsonian Institution) Pancho Villa Candle
Pancho Villa is one of the most recognizable leaders of the Mexico Revolution. This civil...
Retablo of El Santo Niño de Atoche (Smithsonian Institution) Retablo of El Santo Niño de Atoche
The image shown here represents El Santo Niño de Atoche, a depiction of the Christ child common...

Showing 1 - 25   |  next »

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