Clothing & Accessories

Women's Gown (cheong sam) ca. 1930

Work, play, fashion, economic class, religious faith, even politics—all these aspects of American life and more are woven into clothing. The Museum cares for one of the nation's foremost collections of men's, women's, and children's garments and accessories—from wedding gowns and military uniforms to Halloween costumes and bathing suits.

The collections include work uniforms, academic gowns, clothing of presidents and first ladies, T-shirts bearing protest slogans, and a clean-room "bunny suit" from a manufacturer of computer microchips. Beyond garments, the collections encompass jewelry, handbags, hair dryers, dress forms, hatboxes, suitcases, salesmen's samples, and thousands of fashion prints, photographs, and original illustrations. The more than 30,000 artifacts here represent the changing appearance of Americans from the 1700s to the present day.

Topic: Fire Fighting

Hand-in Hand Fire Company Fire Hat

Beginning in the late 18th century, some volunteer fire fighters began to wear hats painted with their company’s name to identify themselves at chaotic fire scenes.
Description
Beginning in the late 18th century, some volunteer fire fighters began to wear hats painted with their company’s name to identify themselves at chaotic fire scenes. During the 19th century, these fire hats became more ornate, as portraits of historical figures, patriotic scenes, allegorical images, or company icons were painted alongside the company’s name, motto, or founding date. Made of pressed felt, these “stove-pipe” hats were primarily used in Philadelphia, but other nearby cities such as Baltimore and Washington adopted them as well. Fire hats were personal items with the owner’s initials often painted on the top of the hat. While these hats were worn at fires, they are more colloquially known as “parade hats.” Fire companies commonly marched in the many parades of the period and these ornate hats contributed to the visual culture of their day. These distinguishing features in a company’s regalia often proclaimed the members’ cultural and political identity as well as their position on contested topics such as work, religion and immigration.
This fire hat was used in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania during the first half of the 19th century. The hat is painted red overall with the text “HAND IN HAND” painted in gold, arching over an image of two hands clasped with a golden sunburst in the background. The back of the hat has the date “1741” painted in gold with a gold line on top and bottom. The crown of the hat has the text “Instituted / March 1st 1741” in gold arching above and below the owner’s initials “J.H.L” in the center. The “hand in hand” name and clasped hand symbol were popular among volunteer fire fighting companies and fire insurance companies during this period. It symbolized the mutual assistance needed to combat fires and the fraternal ties of fire companies prevalent in early American communities. This Hand in Hand Fire Company was founded March 1, 1741 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and located in the Dockward at the Fish Market and Drawbridge. Due to lack of interest the company was no longer in service by about 1816. The company was reformed in 1823 and operated as a hand engine company until 1863, when it acquired a steam fire engine. The Hand In Hand operated as a steam fire engine until 1871 when Philadelphia’s paid firefighting department was established.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1810-1860
maker
unknown
ID Number
2005.0233.0052
catalog number
2005.0233.0052
accession number
2005.0233

Western Fire Hat

This fire hat dates to the middle of the 19th century. The hat is painted red overall, with the front of the hat bearing the text “WESTERN / 1840” in gold. The back of the hat has the large initials “WEC” painted in gold.
Description
This fire hat dates to the middle of the 19th century. The hat is painted red overall, with the front of the hat bearing the text “WESTERN / 1840” in gold. The back of the hat has the large initials “WEC” painted in gold. The owner’s initials “D.S.” are painted in gold on the crown of the hat. The Western Fire Engine Company No. 37 was founded on April 7th, 1840 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on the corner of 8th Street and Callowhill Street. The Western operated as a hand engine company and acquired a steam fire engine in 1865. It served as a steam fire engine company until 1871 when Philadelphia’s paid firefighting department was established.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1840s
maker
unknown
ID Number
2005.0233.0096
catalog number
2005.0233.0096
accession number
2005.0233

Fire Helmet, "Foreman / Excelsior"

The traditional American leather firefighter’s helmet with its distinctive long rear brim, frontpiece, and crest adornment was first developed around 1821-1836 in New York City. Henry T.
Description
The traditional American leather firefighter’s helmet with its distinctive long rear brim, frontpiece, and crest adornment was first developed around 1821-1836 in New York City. Henry T. Gratacap, a New York City luggage maker by trade, is often credited as the developer of this style of fire helmet. Gratacap created a specially treated leather helmet with a segmented “comb” design that led to unparalleled durability and strength. The elongated rear brim (also known as a duckbill or beavertail) and frontpiece were 19th century innovations that remain the most identifiable feature of firefighter’s helmets. The body of the helmet was primarily designed to deflect falling debris, the rear brim prevented water from running down firefighters’ backs, and their sturdy crowns could aid, if necessary, in breaking windows.
This leather fire helmet was in use during the early 19th century. The hat has an unusually rounded crown, with a metal band where the crown meets the brim, a metal strip across the crown from the sides of the hat, and a metal strip from the back to the upper middle of the crown. These supportive metal segments are riveted to the hat. The hat has a leather frontpiece that reads “FOREMAN/EXCELSIOR” in gold paint that is now obscured with age.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
early 19th century
maker
unknown
ID Number
2005.0233.0155
accession number
2005.0233
catalog number
2005.0233.0155

Fire Helmet, "Columbia 5 F D"

The traditional American leather firefighter’s helmet with its distinctive long rear brim, frontpiece, and crest adornment was first developed around 1821-1836 in New York City. Henry T.
Description
The traditional American leather firefighter’s helmet with its distinctive long rear brim, frontpiece, and crest adornment was first developed around 1821-1836 in New York City. Henry T. Gratacap, a New York City luggage maker by trade, is often credited as the developer of this style of fire helmet. Gratacap created a specially treated leather helmet with a segmented “comb” design that led to unparalleled durability and strength. The elongated rear brim (also known as a duckbill or beavertail) and frontpiece were 19th century innovations that remain the most identifiable feature of firefighter’s helmets. The body of the helmet was primarily designed to deflect falling debris, the rear brim prevented water from running down firefighters’ backs, and their sturdy crowns could aid, if necessary, in breaking windows.
This leather helmet is painted white and has a metal eagle frontpiece holder mounted on the crown. The helmet has eight combs, and there is a label on the inside that reads “P.H. Murray.” The leather frontpiece has been painted red and originally read “COLUMBIA/5/FD,” but some of the letters are now missing.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
ca 1900
maker
unknown
ID Number
2005.0233.0147
accession number
2005.0233
catalog number
2005.0233.0147

Eagle No. 3 Company Cape

Some early American firefighters wore capes for protection, ornamentation, and identification.
Description
Some early American firefighters wore capes for protection, ornamentation, and identification. The stiff oil cloth protected their shoulders and upper body against fiery embers and water, and the decorative painting served to identify company members at chaotic fire scenes or on parade. The capes were often painted by local sign painters, some skilled artists like John A. Woodside, who also painted the company’s hats and banners and decorated their fire engines. Many of the capes in the firefighting collection display patriotic names and symbolism, reflecting themes important to 19th century volunteers, as well as the pride they felt in the early founding date of their fire company.
This oil cloth cape is painted blue with the text "EAGLE No. 3" in gold with red shading, with gold stars on at each end of the cape. “Eagle” was a common name for American fire companies, which used patriotic names and symbolism to proudly link themselves with the newly established United States of America.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1850-1900
maker
unknown
ID Number
2005.0233.0123
catalog number
2005.0233.0123
accession number
2005.0233

Fire Helmet, "Asst. Chief D.S.F."

The traditional American leather firefighter’s helmet with its distinctive long rear brim, frontpiece, and crest adornment was first developed around 1821-1836 in New York City. Henry T.
Description (Brief)
The traditional American leather firefighter’s helmet with its distinctive long rear brim, frontpiece, and crest adornment was first developed around 1821-1836 in New York City. Henry T. Gratacap, a New York City luggage maker by trade, is often credited as the developer of this style of fire helmet. Gratacap created a specially treated leather helmet with a segmented “comb” design that led to unparalleled durability and strength. The elongated rear brim (also known as a duckbill or beavertail) and frontpiece were 19th century innovations that remain the most identifiable feature of firefighter’s helmets. The body of the helmet was primarily designed to deflect falling debris, the rear brim prevented water from running down firefighters’ backs, and their sturdy crowns could aid, if necessary, in breaking windows.
This leather fire helmet was made in the 19th century. The black helmet is comprised of eight combs with a floral design stamped into the brim. There is a metal lion frontpiece holder mounted on the crown. The leather frontpiece originally read “ASST/CHIEF/DFS,” but several of the letters are missing. The text surrounds a painted image of three crossed fire trumpets inside an orange circle.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
19th century
maker
unknown
ID Number
2005.0233.0134
accession number
2005.0233
catalog number
2005.0233.0134

Fire Helmet, "N.Y. Volunteer Association"

The traditional American leather firefighter’s helmet with its distinctive long rear brim, frontpiece, and crest adornment was first developed around 1821-1836 in New York City. Henry T.
Description
The traditional American leather firefighter’s helmet with its distinctive long rear brim, frontpiece, and crest adornment was first developed around 1821-1836 in New York City. Henry T. Gratacap, a New York City luggage maker by trade, is often credited as the developer of this style of fire helmet. Gratacap created a specially treated leather helmet with a segmented “comb” design that led to unparalleled durability and strength. The elongated rear brim (also known as a duckbill or beavertail) and frontpiece were 19th century innovations that remain the most identifiable feature of firefighter’s helmets. The body of the helmet was primarily designed to deflect falling debris, the rear brim prevented water from running down firefighters’ backs, and their sturdy crowns could aid, if necessary, in breaking windows.
This leather fire helmet was made by Anderson & Jones of New York, New York around 1845. The black helmet has an embossed ivy-vine design around the helmet’s brim. The helmet has 32 combs and a metal eagle frontpiece holder attached to its crown. The black leather frontpiece has a central image of a speaking trumpet topped by a fire helmet, with a variety of firefighting paraphernalia including hoses, hooks, and axes behind it. The frontpiece reads “N.Y./VOLUNTEER/ASSOCIATION/HKW” around the central image. On the rear underbrim is an inset that bears the text “Presented to/H.K. Woodruff by/ G.J.D. M.S.D.V./M.L. J.E.M./P.S.D.V.” This hat was presented to H.K. Woodruff, a volunteer firefight formerly of the Independent Hose Company No. 3, upon the organization of the New York Volunteer Firemen’s Association. The Firemen’s Association was organized in February of 1884 and was filled with ex-volunteer firemen who wished to keep the memory of volunteer firefighting alive after the creation of the paid fire department in New York.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1845
maker
Anderson & Jones
Anderson & Jones
ID Number
2005.0233.0160
accession number
2005.0233
catalog number
2005.0233.0160

Pennsylvania Fire Company Fire Hat

Beginning in the late 18th century, some volunteer fire fighters began to wear hats painted with their company’s name to identify themselves at chaotic fire scenes.
Description
Beginning in the late 18th century, some volunteer fire fighters began to wear hats painted with their company’s name to identify themselves at chaotic fire scenes. During the 19th century, these fire hats became more ornate, as portraits of historical figures, patriotic scenes, allegorical images, or company icons were painted alongside the company’s name, motto, or founding date. Made of pressed felt, these “stove-pipe” hats were primarily used in Philadelphia, but other nearby cities such as Baltimore and Washington adopted them as well. Fire hats were personal items with the owner’s initials often painted on the top of the hat. While these hats were worn at fires, they are more colloquially known as “parade hats.” Fire companies commonly marched in the many parades of the period and these ornate hats contributed to the visual culture of their day. These distinguishing features in a company’s regalia often proclaimed the members’ cultural and political identity as well as their position on contested topics such as work, religion and immigration.
This hat was used in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania during the first half of the 19th century. The hat is painted black overall, with a central painting of the coat of arms of Pennsylvania. Within the central shield are images of a ship, plow, and three sheaves of wheat, representing commerce, labor, and the importance of agriculture respectively. The shield is flanked by two rearing white horses. A spread-wing eagle stands on top of the shield and beneath the shield is a red banner with gold trim bearing the text “VIRTUE LIBERTY INDEPENDENCE” in gold. The back of the hat has the text “PENNSYLVANIA” arching over the owner’s initials “J.B.” in gold paint. The Pennsylvania Fire Company was established in Philadelphia in 1806 and in 1839 withdrew from active service in protest of the rioting amongst the fire companies.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1810-1860
associated
Pennsylvania Volunteer Fire Company
maker
unknown
ID Number
2005.0233.0078
catalog number
2005.0233.0078
accession number
2005.0233

Rainbow Fire Company Fire Hat

Beginning in the late 18th century, some volunteer fire fighters began to wear hats painted with their company’s name to identify themselves at chaotic fire scenes.
Description
Beginning in the late 18th century, some volunteer fire fighters began to wear hats painted with their company’s name to identify themselves at chaotic fire scenes. During the 19th century, these fire hats became more ornate, as portraits of historical figures, patriotic scenes, allegorical images, or company icons were painted alongside the company’s name, motto, or founding date. Made of pressed felt, these “stove-pipe” hats were primarily used in Philadelphia, but other nearby cities such as Baltimore and Washington adopted them as well. Fire hats were personal items with the owner’s initials often painted on the top of the hat. While these hats were worn at fires, they are more colloquially known as “parade hats.” Fire companies commonly marched in the many parades of the period and these ornate hats contributed to the visual culture of their day. These distinguishing features in a company’s regalia often proclaimed the members’ cultural and political identity as well as their position on contested topics such as work, religion and immigration.
This fire hat dates to the first half of the 19th century. The hat is painted red overall, and the front of the hat has a black circle with the date “1773” painted in gold in a black cartouche on a golden cloud, framed by a scrolling banner that reads “RAINBOW FIRE COMPANY”. The back of the hat has a golden number “1” framed in a gold octagon with black shadowing. The Rainbow Fire Company was founded March 17, 1773 in Reading, Pennsylvania and is one of the oldest volunteer companies still in existence.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1810-1860
associated
Rainbow Fire Company
ID Number
2005.0233.0082
catalog number
2005.0233.0082
accession number
2005.0233

Hand-in-Hand Fire Hat

Beginning in the late 18th century, some volunteer fire fighters began to wear hats painted with their company’s name to identify themselves at chaotic fire scenes.
Description
Beginning in the late 18th century, some volunteer fire fighters began to wear hats painted with their company’s name to identify themselves at chaotic fire scenes. During the 19th century, these fire hats became more ornate, as portraits of historical figures, patriotic scenes, allegorical images, or company icons were painted alongside the company’s name, motto, or founding date. Made of pressed felt, these “stove-pipe” hats were primarily used in Philadelphia, but other nearby cities such as Baltimore and Washington adopted them as well. Fire hats were personal items with the owner’s initials often painted on the top of the hat. While these hats were worn at fires, they are more colloquially known as “parade hats.” Fire companies commonly marched in the many parades of the period and these ornate hats contributed to the visual culture of their day. These distinguishing features in a company’s regalia often proclaimed the members’ cultural and political identity as well as their position on contested topics such as work, religion and immigration.
This fire hat dates to the first half of the 19th century. The hat is painted red overall, with a painted image of two clasped hands with a sunburst in the background. The text “HAND IN HAND” is painted in gold above. The date “1741” is painted in gold on the back of the hat in between two golden lines. The owner’s initials “A.B.” are painted in gold on the crown of the hat. The Hand-in-Hand Fire Company was founded on March 1, 1741 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and adopted the clasped hand symbol as a representation of the mutual nature of volunteer firefighting in early America. Due to lack of interest the company was no longer in service by about 1816. It was reformed in 1823 and operated as a hand engine company until 1863, when it acquired a steam fire engine. The Hand In Hand operated as a steam fire engine until 1871 when Philadelphia’s paid firefighting department was established.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1810-1860
maker
unknown
ID Number
2005.0233.0113
catalog number
2005.0233.0113
accession number
2005.0233

Western Hose Company Fire Hat

Beginning in the late 18th century, some volunteer fire fighters began to wear hats painted with their company’s name to identify themselves at chaotic fire scenes.
Description
Beginning in the late 18th century, some volunteer fire fighters began to wear hats painted with their company’s name to identify themselves at chaotic fire scenes. During the 19th century, these fire hats became more ornate, as portraits of historical figures, patriotic scenes, allegorical images, or company icons were painted alongside the company’s name, motto, or founding date. Made of pressed felt, these “stove-pipe” hats were primarily used in Philadelphia, but other nearby cities such as Baltimore and Washington adopted them as well. Fire hats were personal items with the owner’s initials often painted on the top of the hat. While these hats were worn at fires, they are more colloquially known as “parade hats.” Fire companies commonly marched in the many parades of the period and these ornate hats contributed to the visual culture of their day. These distinguishing features in a company’s regalia often proclaimed the members’ cultural and political identity as well as their position on contested topics such as work, religion and immigration.
This fire hat dates to the first half of the 19th century. The hat is painted red overall, and the two black banners have the gold text “WESTERN / COMPANY” surrounded by a fancy script that reads “HOSE.” The back of the hat has the date “1836” in gold script with a golden sunburst above and below the date. The owner’s initials “M.W.” are painted in a gold script on the crown of the hat. The Western Hose Company was established on February 11th, 1836 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, located on the south side of Filbert Street west of 10th street. It operated as a hose company until 1863, when it acquired a steam fire engine. In 1867, the City Council dispensed with their services and they sold their house and steam fire engine to the Fame Hose Company No. 12.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
ca 1836
associated
Western Hose Company
maker
unknown
ID Number
2005.0233.0097
catalog number
2005.0233.0097
accession number
2005.0233

Diligent Fire Company / Veteran Fireman's Fire Hat

Beginning in the late 18th century, some volunteer fire fighters began to wear hats painted with their company’s name to identify themselves at chaotic fire scenes.
Description
Beginning in the late 18th century, some volunteer fire fighters began to wear hats painted with their company’s name to identify themselves at chaotic fire scenes. During the 19th century, these fire hats became more ornate, as portraits of historical figures, patriotic scenes, allegorical images, or company icons were painted alongside the company’s name, motto, or founding date. Made of pressed felt, these “stove-pipe” hats were primarily used in Philadelphia, but other nearby cities such as Baltimore and Washington adopted them as well. Fire hats were personal items with the owner’s initials often painted on the top of the hat. While these hats were worn at fires, they are more colloquially known as “parade hats.” Fire companies commonly marched in the many parades of the period and these ornate hats contributed to the visual culture of their day. These distinguishing features in a company’s regalia often proclaimed the members’ cultural and political identity as well as their position on contested topics such as work, religion and immigration.
This fire hat was used in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania during the early 19th century. The hat is painted yellow overall, and features a painted image of a Philadelphia-style hand-pumped fire engine with a sunburst in the background. Diligent’s pumper was built by Patrick Lyon in 1822 and was known as one of the most powerful pumpers in the United States. Over the pumper is a red banner where the text “DILIGENT” has been painted over by the word “VETERAN.” From the mid-19th century, former volunteer firefighters formed veterans associations and often redecorated uniforms, equipment and even fire engines to reflect their new status. The back of the hat has the letter “D” in gold, with the owner’s initials “A.J.B.” in gold on the crown of the hat. The Diligent Fire Engine Company No. 10 of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania was founded on July 4th, 1791 located on the south side of Market Street near Eighth. It acquired a steam fire engine in 1861 and operated as a steam fire engine company until 1871 when Philadelphia’s paid firefighting department was established.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1820s
maker
unknown
ID Number
2005.0233.0090
catalog number
2005.0233.0090
accession number
2005.0233

Fire Helmet, "Continental V.V.B. 1"

The traditional American leather firefighter’s helmet with its distinctive long rear brim, frontpiece, and crest adornment was first developed around 1821-1836 in New York City. Henry T.
Description
The traditional American leather firefighter’s helmet with its distinctive long rear brim, frontpiece, and crest adornment was first developed around 1821-1836 in New York City. Henry T. Gratacap, a New York City luggage maker by trade, is often credited as the developer of this style of fire helmet. Gratacap created a specially treated leather helmet with a segmented “comb” design that led to unparalleled durability and strength. The elongated rear brim (also known as a duckbill or beavertail) and frontpiece were 19th century innovations that remain the most identifiable feature of firefighter’s helmets. The body of the helmet was primarily designed to deflect falling debris, the rear brim prevented water from running down firefighters’ backs, and their sturdy crowns could aid, if necessary, in breaking windows.
This leather fire helmet was made by Cairns & Brother in New York, New York around 1845. The helmet has eight combs and is painted black with a pressed ivy-vine design around the rim. The frontpiece is painted black, with the white number “1” with a hook and ladder crossed behind it in the center. On red banners above and below the center is the text “CONTINENTAL/VVB” in raised white letters. The name Baufuskirk appears on a piece of paper inside the hat, possibly the owner’s last name.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1845
producer
Cairns & Brother
maker
Cairns & Brother
ID Number
2005.0233.0148
accession number
2005.0233
catalog number
2005.0233.0148

Fire Helmet, "Franklin 1"

The traditional American leather firefighter’s helmet with its distinctive long rear brim, frontpiece, and crest adornment was first developed around 1821-1836 in New York City. Henry T.
Description
The traditional American leather firefighter’s helmet with its distinctive long rear brim, frontpiece, and crest adornment was first developed around 1821-1836 in New York City. Henry T. Gratacap, a New York City luggage maker by trade, is often credited as the developer of this style of fire helmet. Gratacap created a specially treated leather helmet with a segmented “comb” design that led to unparalleled durability and strength. The elongated rear brim (also known as a duckbill or beavertail) and frontpiece were 19th century innovations that remain the most identifiable feature of firefighter’s helmets. The body of the helmet was primarily designed to deflect falling debris, the rear brim prevented water from running down firefighters’ backs, and their sturdy crowns could aid, if necessary, in breaking windows.
This leather fire helmet likely dates to the middle of the 19th century. The helmet has eight combs and is painted brown with a shiny lacquer-like finish. An ivy-vine pattern is embossed around the brim of the helmet, and a metal eagle frontpiece holder is mounted onto the crown of the helmet. A ring is attached to the crown of the hat where the combs intersect. The helmet has a detached brown frontpiece with a large gold number “1” in the center with a crossed hook and ladder behind it. The banner above reads “FRANKLIN.” The exact company that this helmet belonged to is hard to identify since many volunteer companies adopted Benjamin Franklin as their namesake.
Location
Currently not on view
referenced
Franklin, Benjamin
maker
unknown
ID Number
2005.0233.0158
accession number
2005.0233
catalog number
2005.0233.0158

William Penn Hose Company Fire Hat

Beginning in the late 18th century, some volunteer fire fighters began to wear hats painted with their company’s name to identify themselves at chaotic fire scenes.
Description
Beginning in the late 18th century, some volunteer fire fighters began to wear hats painted with their company’s name to identify themselves at chaotic fire scenes. During the 19th century, these fire hats became more ornate, as portraits of historical figures, patriotic scenes, allegorical images, or company icons were painted alongside the company’s name, motto, or founding date. Made of pressed felt, these “stove-pipe” hats were primarily used in Philadelphia, but other nearby cities such as Baltimore and Washington adopted them as well. Fire hats were personal items with the owner’s initials often painted on the top of the hat. While these hats were worn at fires, they are more colloquially known as “parade hats.” Fire companies commonly marched in the many parades of the period and these ornate hats contributed to the visual culture of their day. These distinguishing features in a company’s regalia often proclaimed the members’ cultural and political identity as well as their position on contested topics such as work, religion and immigration.
This fire hat dates to the first half of the 19th century. The hat is painted red overall, with a portrait of William Penn in a wooded setting, a body of water behind him, set inside a golden oval. The portrait is flanked by blue banners with gold text that reads “WILm PENN / HOSE COMP.” The back of the hat has an image of a wooden fire hydrant with protruding hose painted in gold, flanked by the letters “FA.” This was the logo of the Fire Association of Philadelphia, an insurance company founded by a group of eleven volunteer engine companies and five volunteer hose companies in 1817. The William Penn Hose Company No. 18 was founded on February 3rd, 1830 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, adopting the name of the state’s proprietor. It operated as a hose company until 1864, when it acquired a steam fire engine. William Penn served as a hose and steam fire engine company until 1871 when Philadelphia’s paid firefighting department was established.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1830s
associated
William Penn Hose Company
depicted
Penn, William
maker
unknown
ID Number
2005.0233.0098
catalog number
2005.0233.0098
accession number
2005.0233

Fire Helmet, "Harmony 6 Fire Co."

The traditional American leather firefighter’s helmet with its distinctive long rear brim, frontpiece, and crest adornment was first developed around 1821-1836 in New York City. Henry T.
Description
The traditional American leather firefighter’s helmet with its distinctive long rear brim, frontpiece, and crest adornment was first developed around 1821-1836 in New York City. Henry T. Gratacap, a New York City luggage maker by trade, is often credited as the developer of this style of fire helmet. Gratacap created a specially treated leather helmet with a segmented “comb” design that led to unparalleled durability and strength. The elongated rear brim (also known as a duckbill or beavertail) and frontpiece were 19th century innovations that remain the most identifiable feature of firefighter’s helmets. The body of the helmet was primarily designed to deflect falling debris, the rear brim prevented water from running down firefighters’ backs, and their sturdy crowns could aid, if necessary, in breaking windows.
This leather fire helmet was made by John M. Migeod and Son of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in the 19th century. The black helmet has eight combs with a stamped ivy-vine design around the helmet’s brim. The rear brim of the helmet has the initials “FA” painted in gold flanking an image of a fire hydrant with protruding hose. This was the logo of the Fire Association of Philadelphia, an insurance company founded by a group of eleven volunteer engine companies and five volunteer hose companies in 1817. A metal frontpiece holder in the shape of a fox is mounted onto the crown of the helmet. The frontpiece is painted white, with a large black “6” in the center and the words “HARMONY / FIRE Co” on red banners arching around the top and bottom of the frontpiece. The Harmony Fire Company No.6 was founded in Philadelphia in 1784 by a group of Quakers. It operated as a hand engine company until 1855, when it refused to join the newly organized Philadelphia Fire Department, which, although volunteer, was under the administrative and financial control of the city. In 1867, the Franklin Hose Company No. 28 purchased its charter and operated as the Harmony Steam Fire Engine Company No. 6 until 1871 when Philadelphia’s paid firefighting department was established.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
around 1850
maker
Migeod Company
John M. Migoed & Son
Migeod Company
ID Number
2005.0233.0161
accession number
2005.0233
catalog number
2005.0233.0161

Norristown Hose Company Fire Hat

Beginning in the late 18th century, some volunteer fire fighters began to wear hats painted with their company’s name to identify themselves at chaotic fire scenes.
Description
Beginning in the late 18th century, some volunteer fire fighters began to wear hats painted with their company’s name to identify themselves at chaotic fire scenes. During the 19th century, these fire hats became more ornate, as portraits of historical figures, patriotic scenes, allegorical images, or company icons were painted alongside the company’s name, motto, or founding date. Made of pressed felt, these “stove-pipe” hats were primarily used in Philadelphia, but other nearby cities such as Baltimore and Washington adopted them as well. Fire hats were personal items with the owner’s initials often painted on the top of the hat. While these hats were worn at fires, they are more colloquially known as “parade hats.” Fire companies commonly marched in the many parades of the period and these ornate hats contributed to the visual culture of their day. These distinguishing features in a company’s regalia often proclaimed the members’ cultural and political identity as well as their position on contested topics such as work, religion and immigration.
This fire hat was used in Norristown, Pennsylvania during the first half of the 19th century. The hat is painted brown overall, with golden triangles coming down from the top. The front of the hat reads “NORRISTOWN HOSE” in gold paint. The back of the hat has the date “1847” painted in gold, and the owner’s initials “J.B.T.” in gold script on the crown of the hat. The Norristown Hose Company was organized in 1847 in Norristown, Pennsylvania and operated until 1871 when Philadelphia’s paid firefighting department was established.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1810-1860
associated
Norristown Hose Company
maker
unknown
ID Number
2005.0233.0072
catalog number
2005.0233.0072
accession number
2005.0233

Howard Fire Company Fire Hat

Beginning in the late 18th century, some volunteer fire fighters began to wear hats painted with their company’s name to identify themselves at chaotic fire scenes.
Description
Beginning in the late 18th century, some volunteer fire fighters began to wear hats painted with their company’s name to identify themselves at chaotic fire scenes. During the 19th century, these fire hats became more ornate, as portraits of historical figures, patriotic scenes, allegorical images, or company icons were painted alongside the company’s name, motto, or founding date. Made of pressed felt, these “stove-pipe” hats were primarily used in Philadelphia, but other nearby cities such as Baltimore and Washington adopted them as well. Fire hats were personal items with the owner’s initials often painted on the top of the hat. While these hats were worn at fires, they are more colloquially known as “parade hats.” Fire companies commonly marched in the many parades of the period and these ornate hats contributed to the visual culture of their day. These distinguishing features in a company’s regalia often proclaimed the members’ cultural and political identity as well as their position on contested topics such as work, religion and immigration.
This fire hat dates to the first half of the 19th century. The hat is painted brown overall, with the image of a rising sun and the word “HOWARD” painted in gold arching over the sunburst on the front of the hat. The back of the hat has the number “15” in large gold numbers with the motto “WE CONQUER TO SAVE” in gold arching above the number. A Howard Fire Company No. 15 operated in Baltimore, Maryland from 1830 until 1858 when the municipal department took over and the Number 1 Engine Company occupied the company’s fire house located on North Paca Street.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1810-1860
associated
Howard Fire Company
maker
unknown
ID Number
2005.0233.0064
catalog number
2005.0233.0064
accession number
2005.0233

Hope Fire Company Fire Hat

Beginning in the late 18th century, some volunteer fire fighters began to wear hats painted with their company’s name to identify themselves at chaotic fire scenes.
Description
Beginning in the late 18th century, some volunteer fire fighters began to wear hats painted with their company’s name to identify themselves at chaotic fire scenes. During the 19th century, these fire hats became more ornate, as portraits of historical figures, patriotic scenes, allegorical images, or company icons were painted alongside the company’s name, motto, or founding date. Made of pressed felt, these “stove-pipe” hats were primarily used in Philadelphia, but other nearby cities such as Baltimore and Washington adopted them as well. Fire hats were personal items with the owner’s initials often painted on the top of the hat. While these hats were worn at fires, they are more colloquially known as “parade hats.” Fire companies commonly marched in the many parades of the period and these ornate hats contributed to the visual culture of their day. These distinguishing features in a company’s regalia often proclaimed the members’ cultural and political identity as well as their position on contested topics such as work, religion and immigration.
This fire hat was used in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania during the first half of the 19th century. The front of the hat bears an image of a spread-winged eagle grasping an anchor in its talons below a red banner that reads “HOPE FIRE COMP” in yellow. The back of the hat bears a large number “2.” The crown of the hat has an image of a beehive surrounded by the text “HIVERS/E.S.” The nickname “Hivers” likely reflected a common theme among volunteer fire companies – hard communal labor in support of the public good. The front of the hat displays the patriotic imagery of the bald eagle, as well as the anchor representing hope. The Hope Fire Company No. 2 operated in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania from 1814 until 1868.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1814-1868
associated
Hope Volunteer Fire Company
maker
unknown
ID Number
2005.0233.0060
catalog number
2005.0233.0060
accession number
2005.0233

Fire Helmet, "Globe Fire Company"

The traditional American leather firefighter’s helmet with its distinctive long rear brim, frontpiece, and crest adornment was first developed around 1821-1836 in New York City. Henry T.
Description
The traditional American leather firefighter’s helmet with its distinctive long rear brim, frontpiece, and crest adornment was first developed around 1821-1836 in New York City. Henry T. Gratacap, a New York City luggage maker by trade, is often credited as the developer of this style of fire helmet. Gratacap created a specially treated leather helmet with a segmented “comb” design that led to unparalleled durability and strength. The elongated rear brim (also known as a duckbill or beavertail) and frontpiece were 19th century innovations that remain the most identifiable feature of firefighter’s helmets. The body of the helmet was primarily designed to deflect falling debris, the rear brim prevented water from running down firefighters’ backs, and their sturdy crowns could aid, if necessary, in breaking windows.
This leather fire helmet was made by Cairns & Brother of New York, New York in the second half of the 19th century. The helmet is painted black overall, its eight combs are painted gold, and a metal eagle frontpiece holder is mounted on the crown. There is a pressed ivy-vine design around the rim, and the date “1812” is painted in gold on the rear brim. The gold frontpiece reads “GLOBE / FIRE / 30 / COMPANY / RFR” in raised letters. “Presented to Wm. M. Kidd” is written on the hat’s inner band. It is likely that the helmet and frontpiece were not originally produced together. The Globe Fire Engine Company No. 30 of the Kensington District of Philadelphia was founded in 1820 as a hand engine company. It acquired a steam fire engine in 1863 and operated as steam fire engine company until 1871 when Philadelphia’s paid firefighting department was established.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
19th century
maker
Cairns & Brother
ID Number
2005.0233.0144
accession number
2005.0233
catalog number
2005.0233.0144

Allegheny Parade Hat

Beginning in the late 18th century, some volunteer fire fighters began to wear hats painted with their company’s name to identify themselves at chaotic fire scenes.
Description
Beginning in the late 18th century, some volunteer fire fighters began to wear hats painted with their company’s name to identify themselves at chaotic fire scenes. During the 19th century, these fire hats became more ornate, as portraits of historical figures, patriotic scenes, allegorical images, or company icons were painted alongside the company’s name, motto, or founding date. Made of pressed felt, these “stove-pipe” hats were primarily used in Philadelphia, but other nearby cities such as Baltimore and Washington adopted them as well. Fire hats were personal items with the owner’s initials often painted on the top of the hat. While these hats were worn at fires, they are more colloquially known as “parade hats.” Fire companies commonly marched in the many parades of the period and these ornate hats contributed to the visual culture of their day. These distinguishing features in a company’s regalia often proclaimed the members’ cultural and political identity as well as their position on contested topics such as work, religion and immigration.
This hat dates to the first half of the 19th century from Allegheny, Pennsylvania. The hat has been painted red, and bears the text “ALLEGHENY” in gold above a United States shield. The date “1802” is painted in gold on the back of the hat, and the crown of the hat has a star shaped designed with the letter “A” in the center. The Allegheny Fire Company of Allegheny, Pennsylvania was founded in 1802 and operated until 1870, when it was absorbed by the municipal fire department.
Location
Currently not on view
in use
1802-1870
company which the hat's owner belonged to
Allegheny Engine Co.
owner
Neel, Harry
maker
unknown
ID Number
2005.0233.0026
catalog number
2005.0233.0026
accession number
2005.0233

Independence Fire Company Fire Hat

Beginning in the late 18th century, some volunteer fire fighters began to wear hats painted with their company’s name to identify themselves at chaotic fire scenes.
Description
Beginning in the late 18th century, some volunteer fire fighters began to wear hats painted with their company’s name to identify themselves at chaotic fire scenes. During the 19th century, these fire hats became more ornate, as portraits of historical figures, patriotic scenes, allegorical images, or company icons were painted alongside the company’s name, motto, or founding date. Made of pressed felt, these “stove-pipe” hats were primarily used in Philadelphia, but other nearby cities such as Baltimore and Washington adopted them as well. Fire hats were personal items with the owner’s initials often painted on the top of the hat. While these hats were worn at fires, they are more colloquially known as “parade hats.” Fire companies commonly marched in the many parades of the period and these ornate hats contributed to the visual culture of their day. These distinguishing features in a company’s regalia often proclaimed the members’ cultural and political identity as well as their position on contested topics such as work, religion and immigration.
This hat is painted orange/red overall, with a central portrait of Thomas Jefferson set inside a golden circular frame. The portrait is flanked by two dark blue banners that read “INDEPENDENCE/FIRE COMPANY” in gold paint. The date “1847” is painted in gold on the back of the hat between two gold lines. The owner’s initials “W.A.Mc.A.” are painted in gold on the crown of the hat. This hat was likely used by a member of the Independence Fire Engine Company, located in the Callowhill area of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The Independence Fire Engine Company No. 39 was founded in 1847 as a hand engine company. It acquired a steam fire engine in 1863 and operated as a steam fire engine company until 1871 when Philadelphia’s paid firefighting department was established.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1810-1860
associated
Independence Fire Company
depicted
Jefferson, Thomas
maker
unknown
ID Number
2005.0233.0110
catalog number
2005.0233.0110
accession number
2005.0233

Vigilant Fire Hat

Beginning in the late 18th century, some volunteer fire fighters began to wear hats painted with their company’s name to identify themselves at chaotic fire scenes.
Description
Beginning in the late 18th century, some volunteer fire fighters began to wear hats painted with their company’s name to identify themselves at chaotic fire scenes. During the 19th century, these fire hats became more ornate, as portraits of historical figures, patriotic scenes, allegorical images, or company icons were painted alongside the company’s name, motto, or founding date. Made of pressed felt, these “stove-pipe” hats were primarily used in Philadelphia, but other nearby cities such as Baltimore and Washington adopted them as well. Fire hats were personal items with the owner’s initials often painted on the top of the hat. While these hats were worn at fires, they are more colloquially known as “parade hats.” Fire companies commonly marched in the many parades of the period and these ornate hats contributed to the visual culture of their day. These distinguishing features in a company’s regalia often proclaimed the members’ cultural and political identity as well as their position on contested topics such as work, religion and immigration.
This fire hat was used in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania during the early-to-mid 19th century. The hat is painted black overall, with the image of a single eye framed by a cloud with rays of light behind it. This is the Eye of Providence, or the All-Seeing Eye, which represents an omnipresent gaze, a suitable icon for a company that called itself Vigilant. The word “VIGILANT” is painted in gold above the eye. The back of the hat has a large “V” painted in gold. The owner’s initials “J.W.H." are painted in a fancy script on the hat’s crown. The Vigilant Fire Company was founded in Philadelphia in 1760.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1810-1860
maker
unknown
ID Number
2005.0233.0091
catalog number
2005.0233.0091
accession number
2005.0233

Franklin Hose Company Fire Hat

Beginning in the late 18th century, some volunteer fire fighters began to wear hats painted with their company’s name to identify themselves at chaotic fire scenes.
Description
Beginning in the late 18th century, some volunteer fire fighters began to wear hats painted with their company’s name to identify themselves at chaotic fire scenes. During the 19th century, these fire hats became more ornate, as portraits of historical figures, patriotic scenes, allegorical images, or company icons were painted alongside the company’s name, motto, or founding date. Made of pressed felt, these “stove-pipe” hats were primarily used in Philadelphia, but other nearby cities such as Baltimore and Washington adopted them as well. Fire hats were personal items with the owner’s initials often painted on the top of the hat. While these hats were worn at fires, they are more colloquially known as “parade hats.” Fire companies commonly marched in the many parades of the period and these ornate hats contributed to the visual culture of their day. These distinguishing features in a company’s regalia often proclaimed the members’ cultural and political identity as well as their position on contested topics such as work, religion and immigration.
This fire hat was used in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania during the first half of the 19th century. The hat is painted black overall, with a portrait of Benjamin Franklin painted inside a golden oval frame on the front. The portrait is flanked by red banners with gold trim that reads “FRANKLIN/HOSE COMPY” in gold. The back of the hat has the date “1838” painted in large gold numbers. The crown of the hat has the owner’s initials “J.S.” Franklin Hose Company No.28 was founded in Philadelphia in 1838, with its firehouse on Broad Street near Fitzwater. Benjamin Franklin was well known for organizing the first volunteer fire company in Philadelphia, and his image and his name were popular among the city’s fire companies. They acquired a steam fire engine in 1863. In 1867 they purchased the charter for the Harmony Engine Company No. 6 and changed their name. The newly christened Harmony Engine Company No. 6 operated as a hose and steam fire engine company until 1871 when Philadelphia’s paid firefighting department was established.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
c.1840-1860
associated
Franklin Hose Company
depicted, commemorated
Franklin, Benjamin
maker
unknown
ID Number
2005.0233.0039
catalog number
2005.0233.0039
accession number
2005.0233

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