Coins, Currency, and Medals

$100,000 U.S. Gold Certificate

The museum possesses one of the largest and most diverse numismatic collections in the world. Its diverse holdings represent every inhabited continent and span more than three millennia. The collection includes coins, paper money, medals, tokens, commodity and alternative currencies, coin dies, printing plates, scales and weights, financial documents and apparatuses, credit cards, and objects that reflect established and emerging digital monetary technologies worldwide.

certified proof

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Location
Currently not on view
BEP certification date
1908-07-25
plate date
1907-01-19
series date
1902
issuing authority
U.S. Department of the Treasury
Treasurer of the United States
Treat, Charles Henry
Register of the Treasury
Vernon, William Tecumseh
issuing bank
Second National Bank of Atlantic City
depicted
McKinley, William
McCulloch, Hugh
manufacturer
Bureau of Engraving and Printing
ID Number
NU.297219.021993
accession number
297219
catalog number
297219.021993
bank charter number
3621

certified proof

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Transcribed by Smithsonian digital volunteers
Location
Currently not on view
BEP certification date
1900-08-08
plate date
1900-04-24
series date
1902
issuing authority
U.S. Department of the Treasury
Treasurer of the United States
Roberts, Ellis Henry
Register of the Treasury
Lyons, Judson Whitlocke
issuing bank
First National Bank of Midland
manufacturer
Bureau of Engraving and Printing
ID Number
NU.297219.013574
accession number
297219
catalog number
297219.013574
bank charter number
5331

certified proof

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Transcribed by Smithsonian digital volunteers
Location
Currently not on view
BEP certification date
1900-08-27
plate date
1900-04-15
issuing authority
U.S. Department of the Treasury
Treasurer of the United States
Roberts, Ellis Henry
Register of the Treasury
Lyons, Judson Whitlocke
issuing bank
First National Bank of Ada
manufacturer
Bureau of Engraving and Printing
ID Number
NU.297219.017792
catalog number
297219.017792
accession number
297219
bank charter number
5453

certified proof

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Transcribed by Smithsonian digital volunteers
Location
Currently not on view
BEP certification date
1902-12-22
plate date
1902-11-18
series date
1902
issuing authority
U.S. Department of the Treasury
Treasurer of the United States
Roberts, Ellis Henry
Register of the Treasury
Lyons, Judson Whitlocke
issuing bank
First National Bank of Quinton
depicted
McKinley, William
McCulloch, Hugh
manufacturer
Bureau of Engraving and Printing
ID Number
NU.297219.031877
catalog number
297219.031877
accession number
297219
bank charter number
6517

5 Dollars, Confederate States of America, 1862

Between the winter of 1860 and the spring of 1861, eleven Southern states broke away from the United States to form a new country, the Confederate States of America (CSA).
Description
Between the winter of 1860 and the spring of 1861, eleven Southern states broke away from the United States to form a new country, the Confederate States of America (CSA). As a fledgling nation, the Confederacy faced two obstacles: to create a sense of national unity and to arm its troops to wage a modern war. Money connected both issues—it would celebrate the new nation and finance the war. On March 9, 1861, the CSA authorized a national currency.
Between 1861 and 1865, the new government issued Confederate currency on eight separate occasions. Each issuance pumped millions of dollars into circulation. Counterfeiters added to the deluge with freshly made fakes. The result was a staggering amount of paper money and massive inflation. The CSA responded to the problem by recalling, cancelling, and burning old notes to remove them from circulation. The first official recall on February 17th, 1864, came after two years of less harsh—but unsuccessful—efforts to reduce the volume of currency in circulation.
The problem of what to do with all of the recalled money fell to the Confederate Treasury Department, which enlisted the help of banks and depositories. Historian and numismatist Douglas Ball identified three primary strategies used to cancel currency. Machine-powered circular punches were preferred by the Treasury, while banks canceled currency by striking it with bank hammers, which left two x-shaped slices on the note. Depositories also used bank hammers, but sometimes opted to cut the notes with scissors, leaving two small triangles along the bottom edge.
Once cancelled, all notes were sent to the Confederate Treasury in Richmond, Virginia, to be burned. Some notes escaped destruction. At war’s end, the Union Army confiscated the notes along with Confederate government records to investigate a possible connection between the Confederacy and President Abraham Lincoln’s assassination.
Today, researchers examine Confederate Currency seeking clues about the economic, social, and technological underpinnings of the South during the Civil War. Smithsonian curator and historian Richard Doty has discovered physical evidence of some of the extraordinary measures people undertook to keep their money in circulation. Stitches, postage stamps, pieces of newsprint, and even fragments of love letters were used to reinforce torn notes.
The careful repair of Confederate currency was done for reasons that had nothing to do with simple economics. Money has always been seen as an emblem of sovereignty. So if people simply allowed their money to disintegrate –and some must have been tempted in that direction, as the value of their money had shrunk almost to the vanishing point by the final months of the war– what did that say about their belief in the Cause?
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1862
ID Number
1998.0063.0700
accession number
1998.0063
catalog number
1998.0063.0700

1 Dollar, Proof, United States, 1861

One (1) dollar coin, proofUnited States, 1861Obverse Image: Seated Liberty with shield and cap on staff.
Description (Brief)
One (1) dollar coin, proof
United States, 1861
Obverse Image: Seated Liberty with shield and cap on staff. 13 stars.
Obverse Text: LIBERTY / 1861
Reverse Image: Eagle with shield over chest, clutching arrows and branch in talons.
Reverse Text: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA / ONE DOL.
Description
Coins, like this silver dollar, were hoarded at the outbreak of war. This coin had inherent value because it was made from a precious metal. By 1862 metallic coins were rarely found in circulation. The Federal Government and private businesses alike felt the pressure to keep their financial and economic interests in check. Both thought the solution was to introduce new forms of currency.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1861
mint
U.S. Mint, Philadelphia
designer
Gobrecht, Christian
ID Number
1985.0441.0609
accession number
1985.0441
catalog number
1985.0441.0609

certified proof

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Transcribed by Smithsonian digital volunteers
Location
Currently not on view
BEP certification date
1909-01-08
plate date
1900-10-29
series date
1882
issuing authority
Department of the Treasury
Treasurer of the United States
Roberts, Ellis Henry
Register of the Treasury
Lyons, Judson Whitlocke
issuing bank
First National Bank of Sterling
manufacturer
Bureau of Engraving and Printing
ID Number
NU.297219.002480
accession number
297219
catalog number
297219.002480
bank charter number
5624

certified proof

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Crowdsourcing
Transcribed by Smithsonian digital volunteers
Location
Currently not on view
BEP certification date
1924-04-21
plate date
1922-04-10
series date
1902
issuing authority
Department of the Treasury
Treasurer of the United States
White, Frank
Register of the Treasury
Speelman, Harley V.
issuing bank
First National Bank of New Haven
manufacturer
Bureau of Engraving and Printing
ID Number
NU.297219.002755
accession number
297219
catalog number
297219.002755
bank charter number
2

certified proof

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Transcribed by Smithsonian digital volunteers
Location
Currently not on view
plate date
1865-01-02
issuing authority
U.S. Department of the Treasury
Treasurer of the United States
Wyman, Albert Uriah
Register of the Treasury
Allison, John
issuing bank
Mechanicks National Bank of Newburyport
manufacturer
Bureau of Engraving and Printing
ID Number
NU.297219.014347
accession number
297219
catalog number
297219.014347
bank charter number
584

certified proof

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Transcribed by Smithsonian digital volunteers
Location
Currently not on view
BEP certification date
1892-09-15
plate date
1892-08-29
series date
1882
issuing authority
U.S. Department of the Treasury
Treasurer of the United States
Nebecker, Enos H.
Register of the Treasury
Rosecrans, William S.
issuing bank
People's National Bank of Claremont
depicted
Garfield, James A.
manufacturer
Bureau of Engraving and Printing
ID Number
NU.297219.021252
accession number
297219
catalog number
297219.021252
bank charter number
4793

certified proof

Transcribed by Smithsonian digital volunteersCurrently not on view
Crowdsourcing
Transcribed by Smithsonian digital volunteers
Location
Currently not on view
BEP certification date
1908-09-02
plate date
1907-11-16
series date
1902
issuing authority
U.S. Department of the Treasury
Treasurer of the United States
Treat, Charles Henry
Register of the Treasury
Vernon, William Tecumseh
issuing bank
First National Bank of Stigler
depicted
McKinley, William
McCulloch, Hugh
manufacturer
Bureau of Engraving and Printing
ID Number
NU.297219.031491
catalog number
297219.031491
accession number
297219
bank charter number
7217

certified proof

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Transcribed by Smithsonian digital volunteers
Location
Currently not on view
BEP certification date
1928-04-18
plate date
1918-01-18
series date
1902
issuing authority
U.S. Department of the Treasury
Treasurer of the United States
Burke, John
Register of the Treasury
Teehee, Houston Benge
issuing bank
First National Bank at Pittsburgh
depicted
McKinley, William
McCulloch, Hugh
manufacturer
Bureau of Engraving and Printing
ID Number
NU.297219.032915
catalog number
297219.032915
accession number
297219
bank charter number
252

certified proof

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Transcribed by Smithsonian digital volunteers
Location
Currently not on view
plate date
1879-02-25
issuing authority
U.S. Department of the Treasury
Treasurer of the United States
Gilfillan, James
Register of the Treasury
Scofield, Glenni William
issuing bank
Farmers National Bank of Danville
manufacturer
Bureau of Engraving and Printing
ID Number
NU.297219.011578
accession number
297219
catalog number
297219.011578
bank charter number
2409

certified proof

Transcribed by Smithsonian digital volunteersCurrently not on view
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Transcribed by Smithsonian digital volunteers
Location
Currently not on view
BEP certification date
1914-01-13
plate date
1913-10-15
series date
1902
issuing authority
U.S. Department of the Treasury
Treasurer of the United States
Burke, John
Register of the Treasury
Parker, Gabe E.
issuing bank
Clayton National Bank
depicted
McKinley, William
manufacturer
Bureau of Engraving and Printing
ID Number
NU.297219.022572
catalog number
297219.022572
accession number
297219
bank charter number
10471

certified proof

Transcribed by Smithsonian digital volunteersCurrently not on view
Crowdsourcing
Transcribed by Smithsonian digital volunteers
Location
Currently not on view
BEP certification date
1929-01-25
plate date
1915-09-18
series date
1902
issuing authority
U.S. Department of the Treasury
Treasurer of the United States
Burke, John
Register of the Treasury
Teehee, Houston Benge
issuing bank
Chatham Phenix National Bank and Trust Company New York
depicted
Harrison, Benjamin
manufacturer
Bureau of Engraving and Printing
ID Number
NU.297219.027185
catalog number
297219.027185
accession number
297219
bank charter number
10778

certified proof

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Transcribed by Smithsonian digital volunteers
Location
Currently not on view
plate date
1874-05-25
issuing authority
U.S. Department of the Treasury
Treasurer of the United States
New, John Chalfant
Register of the Treasury
Allison, John
issuing bank
Commercial National Bank of Charlotte
manufacturer
Bureau of Engraving and Printing
ID Number
NU.297219.027563
catalog number
297219.027563
accession number
297219
bank charter number
2135

certified proof

Transcribed by Smithsonian digital volunteersCurrently not on view
Crowdsourcing
Transcribed by Smithsonian digital volunteers
Location
Currently not on view
BEP certification date
1900-07-25
plate date
1889-01-31
issuing authority
U.S. Department of the Treasury
Treasurer of the United States
Hyatt, James William
Register of the Treasury
Rosecrans, William S.
issuing bank
First National Bank of Independence
manufacturer
Bureau of Engraving and Printing
ID Number
NU.297219.032335
catalog number
297219.032335
accession number
297219
bank charter number
3972

10 Dollars

Between the winter of 1860 and the spring of 1861, eleven Southern states broke away from the United States to form a new country, the Confederate States of America (CSA).
Description
Between the winter of 1860 and the spring of 1861, eleven Southern states broke away from the United States to form a new country, the Confederate States of America (CSA). As a fledgling nation, the Confederacy faced two obstacles: to create a sense of national unity and to arm its troops to wage a modern war. Money connected both issues—it would celebrate the new nation and finance the war. On March 9, 1861, the CSA authorized a national currency.
Between 1861 and 1865, the new government issued Confederate currency on eight separate occasions. Each issuance pumped millions of dollars into circulation. Counterfeiters added to the deluge with freshly made fakes. The result was a staggering amount of paper money and massive inflation. The CSA responded to the problem by recalling, cancelling, and burning old notes to remove them from circulation. The first official recall on February 17th, 1864, came after two years of less harsh—but unsuccessful—efforts to reduce the volume of currency in circulation.
The problem of what to do with all of the recalled money fell to the Confederate Treasury Department, which enlisted the help of banks and depositories. Historian and numismatist Douglas Ball identified three primary strategies used to cancel currency. Machine-powered circular punches were preferred by the Treasury, while banks canceled currency by striking it with bank hammers, which left two x-shaped slices on the note. Depositories also used bank hammers, but sometimes opted to cut the notes with scissors, leaving two small triangles along the bottom edge.
Once cancelled, all notes were sent to the Confederate Treasury in Richmond, Virginia, to be burned. Some notes escaped destruction. At war’s end, the Union Army confiscated the notes along with Confederate government records to investigate a possible connection between the Confederacy and President Abraham Lincoln’s assassination.
Today, researchers examine Confederate Currency seeking clues about the economic, social, and technological underpinnings of the South during the Civil War. Smithsonian curator and historian Richard Doty has discovered physical evidence of some of the extraordinary measures people undertook to keep their money in circulation. Stitches, postage stamps, pieces of newsprint, and even fragments of love letters were used to reinforce torn notes.
The careful repair of Confederate currency was done for reasons that had nothing to do with simple economics. Money has always been seen as an emblem of sovereignty. So if people simply allowed their money to disintegrate –and some must have been tempted in that direction, as the value of their money had shrunk almost to the vanishing point by the final months of the war– what did that say about their belief in the Cause?
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1863
ID Number
1998.0063.0514
accession number
1998.0063
catalog number
1998.0063.0514

certified proof

Transcribed by Smithsonian digital volunteersCurrently not on view
Crowdsourcing
Transcribed by Smithsonian digital volunteers
Location
Currently not on view
BEP certification date
1914-01-08
plate date
1914-02-10
series date
1902
issuing authority
U.S. Department of the Treasury
Treasurer of the United States
Burke, John
Register of the Treasury
Parker, Gabe E.
issuing bank
Rochester National Bank
depicted
Harrison, Benjamin
manufacturer
Bureau of Engraving and Printing
ID Number
NU.297219.021157
accession number
297219
catalog number
297219.021157
bank charter number
2138

5 Dollars, Confederate States of America, 1862

One (1) 5 dollar Confederate States of America currency;Center Image, State Capitol of Richmond, Va;Bottom Right Corner Image, "C.G.
Description
One (1) 5 dollar Confederate States of America currency;
Center Image, State Capitol of Richmond, Va;
Bottom Right Corner Image, "C.G. Memminger";
Upper Right Corner Image, "5":
Left Side in Text, "FIVE";
At bottom of "FIVE", "1st Series";
Center Upper Left/Right Serial: "C";
Bottom Center; "Engraved by Keatinge & Ball, Columbia SC";
CSA Serial # at Bottom Left : "No. 81793";
Bottom Left of Center: "December 2, 1862";
Cut Canceled.
Between the winter of 1860 and the spring of 1861, eleven Southern states broke away from the United States to form a new country, the Confederate States of America (CSA). As a fledgling nation, the Confederacy faced two obstacles: to create a sense of national unity and to arm its troops to wage a modern war. Money connected both issues—it would celebrate the new nation and finance the war. On March 9, 1861, the CSA authorized a national currency.
Between 1861 and 1865, the new government issued Confederate currency on eight separate occasions. Each issuance pumped millions of dollars into circulation. Counterfeiters added to the deluge with freshly made fakes. The result was a staggering amount of paper money and massive inflation. The CSA responded to the problem by recalling, cancelling, and burning old notes to remove them from circulation. The first official recall on February 17th, 1864, came after two years of less harsh—but unsuccessful—efforts to reduce the volume of currency in circulation.
The problem of what to do with all of the recalled money fell to the Confederate Treasury Department, which enlisted the help of banks and depositories. Historian and numismatist Douglas Ball identified three primary strategies used to cancel currency. Machine-powered circular punches were preferred by the Treasury, while banks canceled currency by striking it with bank hammers, which left two x-shaped slices on the note. Depositories also used bank hammers, but sometimes opted to cut the notes with scissors, leaving two small triangles along the bottom edge.
Once cancelled, all notes were sent to the Confederate Treasury in Richmond, Virginia, to be burned. Some notes escaped destruction. At war’s end, the Union Army confiscated the notes along with Confederate government records to investigate a possible connection between the Confederacy and President Abraham Lincoln’s assassination.
Today, researchers examine Confederate Currency seeking clues about the economic, social, and technological underpinnings of the South during the Civil War. Smithsonian curator and historian Richard Doty has discovered physical evidence of some of the extraordinary measures people undertook to keep their money in circulation. Stitches, postage stamps, pieces of newsprint, and even fragments of love letters were used to reinforce torn notes.
The careful repair of Confederate currency was done for reasons that had nothing to do with simple economics. Money has always been seen as an emblem of sovereignty. So if people simply allowed their money to disintegrate –and some must have been tempted in that direction, as the value of their money had shrunk almost to the vanishing point by the final months of the war– what did that say about their belief in the Cause?
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1862
ID Number
1998.0063.0638
accession number
1998.0063
catalog number
1998.0063.0638

5 Dollars, Confederate States of America, 1862

Between the winter of 1860 and the spring of 1861, eleven Southern states broke away from the United States to form a new country, the Confederate States of America (CSA).
Description
Between the winter of 1860 and the spring of 1861, eleven Southern states broke away from the United States to form a new country, the Confederate States of America (CSA). As a fledgling nation, the Confederacy faced two obstacles: to create a sense of national unity and to arm its troops to wage a modern war. Money connected both issues—it would celebrate the new nation and finance the war. On March 9, 1861, the CSA authorized a national currency.
Between 1861 and 1865, the new government issued Confederate currency on eight separate occasions. Each issuance pumped millions of dollars into circulation. Counterfeiters added to the deluge with freshly made fakes. The result was a staggering amount of paper money and massive inflation. The CSA responded to the problem by recalling, cancelling, and burning old notes to remove them from circulation. The first official recall on February 17th, 1864, came after two years of less harsh—but unsuccessful—efforts to reduce the volume of currency in circulation.
The problem of what to do with all of the recalled money fell to the Confederate Treasury Department, which enlisted the help of banks and depositories. Historian and numismatist Douglas Ball identified three primary strategies used to cancel currency. Machine-powered circular punches were preferred by the Treasury, while banks canceled currency by striking it with bank hammers, which left two x-shaped slices on the note. Depositories also used bank hammers, but sometimes opted to cut the notes with scissors, leaving two small triangles along the bottom edge.
Once cancelled, all notes were sent to the Confederate Treasury in Richmond, Virginia, to be burned. Some notes escaped destruction. At war’s end, the Union Army confiscated the notes along with Confederate government records to investigate a possible connection between the Confederacy and President Abraham Lincoln’s assassination.
Today, researchers examine Confederate Currency seeking clues about the economic, social, and technological underpinnings of the South during the Civil War. Smithsonian curator and historian Richard Doty has discovered physical evidence of some of the extraordinary measures people undertook to keep their money in circulation. Stitches, postage stamps, pieces of newsprint, and even fragments of love letters were used to reinforce torn notes.
The careful repair of Confederate currency was done for reasons that had nothing to do with simple economics. Money has always been seen as an emblem of sovereignty. So if people simply allowed their money to disintegrate –and some must have been tempted in that direction, as the value of their money had shrunk almost to the vanishing point by the final months of the war– what did that say about their belief in the Cause?
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1862
ID Number
1998.0063.0381
accession number
1998.0063
catalog number
1998.0063.0381

20 Dollars, United States, 1879

One (1) 20 dollar coinUnited States, 1879Obverse Image: Liberty wearing a coronet and facing left. 13 stars around.Obverse Text: LIBERTY / 1879Reverse Image: Heraldic eagle with wings outstretched clutching arrows and branch in talons, shield over chest.
Description (Brief)
One (1) 20 dollar coin
United States, 1879
Obverse Image: Liberty wearing a coronet and facing left. 13 stars around.
Obverse Text: LIBERTY / 1879
Reverse Image: Heraldic eagle with wings outstretched clutching arrows and branch in talons, shield over chest. Scrolls on either side of eagle, ring of 13 stars above eagle's head, rays above stars.
Reverse Text: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA / TWENTY DOLLARS / IN GOD WE TRUST / E PLURIBUS UNUM
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1879
designer
Longacre, James Barton
mint
U.S. Mint, Philadelphia
ID Number
NU.68.159.0999
accession number
283645
catalog number
68.159.0999

50 dollars

Currently not on view
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1863
maker
Keatinge & Ball
ID Number
2008.0108.0013
serial number
16672
accession number
2008.0108

20 Dollars, Confederate States of America, 1861

Between the winter of 1860 and the spring of 1861, eleven Southern states broke away from the United States to form a new country, the Confederate States of America (CSA).
Description
Between the winter of 1860 and the spring of 1861, eleven Southern states broke away from the United States to form a new country, the Confederate States of America (CSA). As a fledgling nation, the Confederacy faced two obstacles: to create a sense of national unity and to arm its troops to wage a modern war. Money connected both issues—it would celebrate the new nation and finance the war. On March 9, 1861, the CSA authorized a national currency.
Between 1861 and 1865, the new government issued Confederate currency on eight separate occasions. Each issuance pumped millions of dollars into circulation. Counterfeiters added to the deluge with freshly made fakes. The result was a staggering amount of paper money and massive inflation. The CSA responded to the problem by recalling, cancelling, and burning old notes to remove them from circulation. The first official recall on February 17th, 1864, came after two years of less harsh—but unsuccessful—efforts to reduce the volume of currency in circulation.
The problem of what to do with all of the recalled money fell to the Confederate Treasury Department, which enlisted the help of banks and depositories. Historian and numismatist Douglas Ball identified three primary strategies used to cancel currency. Machine-powered circular punches were preferred by the Treasury, while banks canceled currency by striking it with bank hammers, which left two x-shaped slices on the note. Depositories also used bank hammers, but sometimes opted to cut the notes with scissors, leaving two small triangles along the bottom edge.
Once cancelled, all notes were sent to the Confederate Treasury in Richmond, Virginia, to be burned. Some notes escaped destruction. At war’s end, the Union Army confiscated the notes along with Confederate government records to investigate a possible connection between the Confederacy and President Abraham Lincoln’s assassination.
Today, researchers examine Confederate Currency seeking clues about the economic, social, and technological underpinnings of the South during the Civil War. Smithsonian curator and historian Richard Doty has discovered physical evidence of some of the extraordinary measures people undertook to keep their money in circulation. Stitches, postage stamps, pieces of newsprint, and even fragments of love letters were used to reinforce torn notes.
The careful repair of Confederate currency was done for reasons that had nothing to do with simple economics. Money has always been seen as an emblem of sovereignty. So if people simply allowed their money to disintegrate –and some must have been tempted in that direction, as the value of their money had shrunk almost to the vanishing point by the final months of the war– what did that say about their belief in the Cause?
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1861
maker
Hoyer & Ludwig
ID Number
1998.0063.0356
accession number
1998.0063
catalog number
1998.0063.0356
serial number
2951

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