Coins, Currency, and Medals

$100,000 U.S. Gold Certificate

The museum possesses one of the largest and most diverse numismatic collections in the world. Its diverse holdings represent every inhabited continent and span more than three millennia. The collection includes coins, paper money, medals, tokens, commodity and alternative currencies, coin dies, printing plates, scales and weights, financial documents and apparatuses, credit cards, and objects that reflect established and emerging digital monetary technologies worldwide.

certified proof

Available for transcription
Crowdsourcing
Available for transcription
issuing authority
U.S. Department of the Treasury
ID Number
NU.297219.141479
catalog number
297219.141479
accession number
297219

1 Solidus, Byzantine Empire, 780 - 797

One (1) solidus coin, Constantine VIByzantine Empire, 780 - 797Obverse Image: Portrait busts of Constantine VI, beardless, and Irene to his right; both are crowned with cross between their heads; Constantine VI wears chlamys and holds globus cruciger in right hand, his mother wea
Description (Brief)
One (1) solidus coin, Constantine VI
Byzantine Empire, 780 - 797
Obverse Image: Portrait busts of Constantine VI, beardless, and Irene to his right; both are crowned with cross between their heads; Constantine VI wears chlamys and holds globus cruciger in right hand, his mother wears a loros and holds a cruciform scepter in left hand ; pellet in field between their faces.
Obverse Text: CONSTANTINOS / CA / b
Reverse Image: Leo III, Constantine V and Leo IV seated facing front, each wearing crown and chlamys.
Reverse Text: IRIHI / AVG / MITRI / AV
Location
Currently not on view
date made
780 - 797
maker
Constantine VI Emperor of Byzantium
ID Number
NU.68.159.6090
catalog number
68.159.6090
accession number
283645

100,000 Dollars, Gold Certificate, United States, 1934

One (1) 100,000 dollar noteUnited States, 1934Obverse Image: Portrait of Woodrow Wilson.Obverse Text: 100,000 / THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT THERE IS ON DEPOSIT IN THE TREASURY OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA ONE HUNDRED THOUSAND DOLLARS IN GOLD PAYABLE TO BEARER ON DEMAND AS AUTHORIZ
Description (Brief)
One (1) 100,000 dollar note
United States, 1934
Obverse Image: Portrait of Woodrow Wilson.
Obverse Text: 100,000 / THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT THERE IS ON DEPOSIT IN THE TREASURY OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA ONE HUNDRED THOUSAND DOLLARS IN GOLD PAYABLE TO BEARER ON DEMAND AS AUTHORIZED BY LAW / GOLD CERTIFICATE / THIS CERTIFICATE IS LEGAL TENDER IN THE AMOUNT THEREOF IN PAYMENT OF ALL DEBTS AND DUES PUBLIC AND PRIVATE / WASHINGTON, D.C. / SERIES OF 1934 / A00020109A / WILSON
Reverse Image: Decorative border in orange ink. Rays radiating from the center.
Reverse Text: 100,000 / THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA / ONE HUNDRED THOUSAND DOLLARS
Description
The $100,000 bill is the highest denomination ever issued by the U.S. Federal Government. Printed in 1934, it was not intended for general use, but instead was used as an accounting device between branches of the Federal Reserve. It is illegal for a private individual to own this banknote.
date made
1934
depicted
Wilson, Woodrow
issuing authority
Bureau of Engraving and Printing
ID Number
NU.78.5.807
accession number
1978.0941
catalog number
78.5.807
serial number
A00020109A

2 dollars

Currently not on view
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1990
ID Number
2010.0019.246
catalog number
2010.0019.246
accession number
2010.0019

Portrait Medal of James Smithson

James Smithson was born in 1765, the illegitimate son of Sir Hugh Smithson, later known as Sir Hugh Percy, Baronet, 1st Duke of Northumberland, K.G., and Elizabeth Hungerford Keate.
Description
James Smithson was born in 1765, the illegitimate son of Sir Hugh Smithson, later known as Sir Hugh Percy, Baronet, 1st Duke of Northumberland, K.G., and Elizabeth Hungerford Keate. Elizabeth Keate had been married to James Macie, and so Smithson first bore the name of James Lewis Macie.
His mother later married Mark Dickinson, by whom she had another son. When she died in 1800, he and his half-brother inherited a sizable estate. He changed his name at this time from Macie to Smithson. James Smithson died June 27, 1829, in Genoa, Italy. His will left his fortune to his nephew, son of his half-brother, but stipulated that if that nephew died without children (legitimate or illegitimate), the money should go "to the United States of America, to found at Washington, under the name of the Smithsonian Institution, an establishment for the increase and diffusion of knowledge among men."
The nephew, Henry Hungerford Dickinson, died without heirs in 1835, and Smithson's bequest was accepted in 1836 by the United States Congress. Smithson never visited the United States, and the reason for his generous bequest is unknown. But his gift was the foundation grant for the Smithsonian Institution.
In 1817, while living in Genoa, Italy, Smithson commissioned a gifted Italian sculptor named Antonio Canova to create his portrait in the form of this medal. Smithson evidently approved of Canova's efforts: he scratched his name on the other, otherwise blank side of his medal. It is still visible today, very faint after the passage of nearly two centuries.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1817
maker
Paris Mint
obverse engraver
Tiolier, Nicholas P.
ID Number
1991.0009.0393
catalog number
1991.0009.0393
accession number
1991.0009

1 Sovereign, Great Britain, 1838

This coin is one of the type sent to the United States at James Smithson's bequest for the creation of the Smithsonian Institution.
Description
This coin is one of the type sent to the United States at James Smithson's bequest for the creation of the Smithsonian Institution. James Smithson was born in 1765 as the illegitimate son of Sir Hugh Smithson, later known as Sir Hugh Percy, Baronet, 1st Duke of Northumberland, K.G., and Elizabeth Hungerford Keate.
Elizabeth Keate had been married to James Macie, and so Smithson first bore the name of James Lewis Macie. His mother later married Mark Dickinson, by whom she had another son. When she died in 1800, he and his half-brother inherited a sizable estate. He changed his name at this time from "Macie" to "Smithson."
James Smithson died June 27, 1829, in Genoa, Italy. His will left his fortune to his nephew, son of his half-brother, but stipulated that if that nephew died without children (legitimate or illegitimate), the money should go "to the United States of America, to found at Washington, under the name of the Smithsonian Institution, an establishment for the increase and diffusion of knowledge among men."
The nephew, Henry Hungerford Dickinson, died without heirs in 1835, and Smithson's bequest was accepted in 1836 by the United States Congress. Smithson never visited the United States, and the reason for his generous bequest is unknown. The gift was the foundation grant for the Smithsonian Institution.
The Smithson bequest consisted of 104,960 gold sovereigns. Presumably they all bore the head of the new Queen Victoria, who had acceded to the throne in 1837.
The United States insisted on new sovereigns rather than circulated ones for a very practical reason: the United States would get more gold that way. The U.S. Mint subsequently melted these coins down to reuse the gold.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1838
ruler
Victoria Queen of Great Britain and Ireland and Empress of India
maker
American Type Founders Company
Great Britain
ID Number
1985.0441.1579
catalog number
1985.0441.1579
accession number
1985.0441

10 Dollars

Between the winter of 1860 and the spring of 1861, eleven Southern states broke away from the United States to form a new country, the Confederate States of America (CSA).
Description
Between the winter of 1860 and the spring of 1861, eleven Southern states broke away from the United States to form a new country, the Confederate States of America (CSA). As a fledgling nation, the Confederacy faced two obstacles: to create a sense of national unity and to arm its troops to wage a modern war. Money connected both issues—it would celebrate the new nation and finance the war. On March 9, 1861, the CSA authorized a national currency.
Between 1861 and 1865, the new government issued Confederate currency on eight separate occasions. Each issuance pumped millions of dollars into circulation. Counterfeiters added to the deluge with freshly made fakes. The result was a staggering amount of paper money and massive inflation. The CSA responded to the problem by recalling, cancelling, and burning old notes to remove them from circulation. The first official recall on February 17th, 1864, came after two years of less harsh—but unsuccessful—efforts to reduce the volume of currency in circulation.
The problem of what to do with all of the recalled money fell to the Confederate Treasury Department, which enlisted the help of banks and depositories. Historian and numismatist Douglas Ball identified three primary strategies used to cancel currency. Machine-powered circular punches were preferred by the Treasury, while banks canceled currency by striking it with bank hammers, which left two x-shaped slices on the note. Depositories also used bank hammers, but sometimes opted to cut the notes with scissors, leaving two small triangles along the bottom edge.
Once cancelled, all notes were sent to the Confederate Treasury in Richmond, Virginia, to be burned. Some notes escaped destruction. At war’s end, the Union Army confiscated the notes along with Confederate government records to investigate a possible connection between the Confederacy and President Abraham Lincoln’s assassination.
Today, researchers examine Confederate Currency seeking clues about the economic, social, and technological underpinnings of the South during the Civil War. Smithsonian curator and historian Richard Doty has discovered physical evidence of some of the extraordinary measures people undertook to keep their money in circulation. Stitches, postage stamps, pieces of newsprint, and even fragments of love letters were used to reinforce torn notes.
The careful repair of Confederate currency was done for reasons that had nothing to do with simple economics. Money has always been seen as an emblem of sovereignty. So if people simply allowed their money to disintegrate –and some must have been tempted in that direction, as the value of their money had shrunk almost to the vanishing point by the final months of the war– what did that say about their belief in the Cause?
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1863
ID Number
1998.0063.0536
accession number
1998.0063
catalog number
1998.0063.0536

10 dollars

Currently not on view
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1984 A
1984 A
1984
depicted (sitter)
Hamilton, Alexander
maker
American Bank Note Company
ID Number
2010.0019.082
accession number
2010.0019
catalog number
2010.0019.082
serial number
D06712060Q

Barclaybank ATM Card

Currently not on view
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1992
associated dates
1981 / 1981, 1992 / 1992
maker
unknown
ID Number
1993.0537.0002
catalog number
1993.0537.0002
accession number
1993.0537
catalog number
93.537.02
serial number
3109

10 Dollars, Mormon Mint, United States, 1849

One (1) 10 dollar coinUnited States, 1849Obverse Image: Emblem of Mormon Priesthood: 3-pointed Phrygian Crown above all-seeing eye.Obverse Text: TO THE LORD HOLINESSReverse Image: Clasped hands.Reverse Text: PURE GOLD / TEN DOLLARS / 1849Eagles with these designs were probably th
Description (Brief)
One (1) 10 dollar coin
United States, 1849
Obverse Image: Emblem of Mormon Priesthood: 3-pointed Phrygian Crown above all-seeing eye.
Obverse Text: TO THE LORD HOLINESS
Reverse Image: Clasped hands.
Reverse Text: PURE GOLD / TEN DOLLARS / 1849
Description
Eagles with these designs were probably the first coins struck at the mint established by the Mormons. They were made from unalloyed gold, and no more than ten are known. The source of their metal was California. Mormon miners brought the gold home with them in the form of dust when they returned to Utah.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1849
maker
Mormon Mint
ID Number
1985.0441.2219
catalog number
1985.0441.2219
accession number
1985.0441

10 Dollars, Clark, Gruber & Co., United States, 1860

One (1) 10 dollar coinUnited States, 1860Obverse Image: Pikes Peak mountain.Obverse Text: PIKES PEAK GOLD / TEN D. / DENVERReverse Image: Heraldic eagle with shield clutching arrows and olive branch.Reverse Text: CLARK GRUBER & CO.
Description (Brief)
One (1) 10 dollar coin
United States, 1860
Obverse Image: Pikes Peak mountain.
Obverse Text: PIKES PEAK GOLD / TEN D. / DENVER
Reverse Image: Heraldic eagle with shield clutching arrows and olive branch.
Reverse Text: CLARK GRUBER & CO. / 1860
Description
Austin Clark and his brother Milton joined forces with a merchant named Emanuel Gruber to create the most successful private coiner in Jefferson Territory (today's Colorado), Clark, Gruber & Co. The partners had enough resources among them to ensure that any mint they set up would have the best in modern machinery and metallurgy. While Milton Clark hurried back east to purchase dies and presses in New York and Philadelphia, Austin Clark and Emanuel Gruber stayed behind, purchasing three lots in Denver City and erecting a fine brick building for a fine new territorial mint.
Coining got under way in July 1860. The first pieces struck featured one of two designs. For quarter and half eagles, the designs of regular federal coinage were carefully copied: Liberty head on the obverse, eagle on the reverse. For the larger denominations, the eagle and double eagle, a radical departure was offered, at least for the obverse. An inaccurate representation of Pike's Peak graced that side, along with a description of the origin of the gold contained in the coins, and the name of the place where they were struck. This was the first Denver mint mark, and the most complete as well.
Location
Currently not on view
Date made
1860
maker
Clark, Gruber & Co.
ID Number
1985.0441.2227
catalog number
1985.0441.2227
accession number
1985.0441

20 Dollars, United States, 1849 (Utah-Mormon)

One (1) 20 dollar coinUnited States, 1849Obverse Image: Emblem of Mormon Priesthood: 3-pointed Phrygian Crown above all-seeing eye.Obverse Text: TO THE LORD HOLINESSReverse Image: Clasped hands.Reverse Text: G. S. L. C. P. G.
Description (Brief)
One (1) 20 dollar coin
United States, 1849
Obverse Image: Emblem of Mormon Priesthood: 3-pointed Phrygian Crown above all-seeing eye.
Obverse Text: TO THE LORD HOLINESS
Reverse Image: Clasped hands.
Reverse Text: G. S. L. C. P. G. / TWENTY DOLLARS / 1849
Description
Not all of the California gold was turned into coins in California. Some of it went north, where it was minted into currency by the Oregon Exchange Company. And some of it went east, to Utah Territory, carried home by Mormon miners who left the cities of Sacramento and San Francisco for Salt Lake City.
On Brigham Young's orders, a mint was set up to turn the California dust into Utah coins. One of the prime movers in the new venture was a British convert named John Mobourn Kay. Kay forged the die blanks, engraved the dies, and, for good measure, helped in the selection of their designs.
The first Mormon coins, eagles, appeared in December 1848-the very first American pioneer coins struck west of the Mississippi. Other denominations were soon added. All of them, including the double eagle on display, have radical design concepts unseen before or since. The coin on display was among the first double eagles ever struck and circulated in the United States. The obverses of these coins bore the emblem of the Mormon Priesthood, a three-pointed crown above an All-Seeing eye. The reverse displayed clasped hands, joined in friendship and solidarity, the badge of a new people stressing unity and welcoming newcomers. Few of these early Utah coins have survived. Most were melted down in the early 1850s. The Smithsonian coin is one of the finest known.
date made
1849
mint
Mormon Mint
ID Number
1985.0441.2218
catalog number
1985.0441.2218
accession number
1985.0441

5 Dollars, Oregon Exchange Company, United States, 1849

One (1) 5 dollar coinUnited States, 1849Obverse Image: Beaver on log, branches below.Obverse Text: K.M.T.A.W.R.G.S. / T.O. / 1849Reverse Image: N/AReverse Text: OREGON EXCHANGE COMPANY / 130 G. / NATIVE GOLD.
Description (Brief)
One (1) 5 dollar coin
United States, 1849
Obverse Image: Beaver on log, branches below.
Obverse Text: K.M.T.A.W.R.G.S. / T.O. / 1849
Reverse Image: N/A
Reverse Text: OREGON EXCHANGE COMPANY / 130 G. / NATIVE GOLD. / 5 D.
Description
In 1848, the largest single gold rush in history was just getting under way in California. This event soon triggered a mass migration of fortune hunters from around the world. At the outset, much of the California gold was converted to coins by private minters in the San Francisco area. However, supplies of gold were also sent to Philadelphia where it was made into ordinary federal coins.
Smaller quantities of gold made it to various locations including Oregon. Between March and September, 1849, an entity calling itself the Oregon Exchange Company struck $10 and $5 coins, by hand, in Oregon City. Both denominations bore simple designs. Their obverses depicted a beaver, the fur-bearing mammal that had spurred the first interest in the region.
Above the animal, there were initials standing for the last names of the principal players in the operation. The initials O.T. or T.O. (both for Oregon Territory) and the date rounded out the obverse design. For the reverse, the name of the issuing authority and the denomination sufficed. Dies for the coins can still be seen at the Oregon Historical Society headquarters in Portland.
But the life of the Oregon mint was brief. The coiners set their products' weight above federal norms, and most of the Oregon coinage was melted down for profit. The mint ceased operation early in September 1849.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1849
maker
Oregon Exchange Company
ID Number
1985.0441.2217
catalog number
1985.0441.2217
accession number
1985.0441

5 Dollars, Clark, Gruber & Co., United States, 1860

One (1) 5 dollar coinUnited States, 1860Obverse Image: Liberty wearing a coronet. Stars around.Obverse Text: CLARK & CO.
Description (Brief)
One (1) 5 dollar coin
United States, 1860
Obverse Image: Liberty wearing a coronet. Stars around.
Obverse Text: CLARK & CO. / 1860
Reverse Image: Eagle with shield over chest clutching arrows and branch.
Reverse Text: PIKES PEAK GOLD DENVER / FIVE D.
Description
Produced by the Clark, Gruber & Company's mint, Denver, Colorado. For its half eagles, Clark, Gruber & Co. abandoned the Pikes Peak motif that it used on its larger coins. The company brought the designs for the five dollar pieces into conscious imitation of regular United States coins.
Location
Currently not on view
Date made
1860
mint
Clark, Gruber & Co.
ID Number
1985.0441.2228
catalog number
1985.0441.2228
accession number
1985.0441

10 Dollars, Oregon Exchange Company, United States, 1849

One (1) 10 dollar coinUnited States, 1849Obverse Image: Beaver on a log. Branches and stars.Obverse Text: K. M. T. R. C. S. / O.T. / 1849Reverse Image: N/AReverse Text: OREGON EXCHANGE COMPANY / 10.D. 20.G. / NATIVE. / GOLD. / TEN. D.Currently not on view
Description (Brief)
One (1) 10 dollar coin
United States, 1849
Obverse Image: Beaver on a log. Branches and stars.
Obverse Text: K. M. T. R. C. S. / O.T. / 1849
Reverse Image: N/A
Reverse Text: OREGON EXCHANGE COMPANY / 10.D. 20.G. / NATIVE. / GOLD. / TEN. D.
Location
Currently not on view
Date made
1849
maker
Oregon Exchange Company
ID Number
NU.68.159.1175
accession number
283645
catalog number
68.159.1175

Central Charge Service Credit Card; Riggs National Bank -- Effective 01/20/72

Currently not on view
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1972
maker
unknown
ID Number
1985.0823.10
catalog number
1985.0823.10
accession number
1985.0823

American Express Executive Card; First National Bank of Washington, D.C. -- Valid 07/74 thru 06/75

Currently not on view
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1974
maker
unknown
ID Number
1985.0823.02
catalog number
1985.0823.02
accession number
1985.0823

20 Dollars, Proof, United States, 1890

One (1) 20 dollar coin, proofUnited States, 1890Obverse Image: Liberty wearing a coronet and facing left. 13 stars around.Obverse Text: LIBERTY / 1890Reverse Image: Heraldic eagle with wings outstretched clutching arrows and branch in talons, shield over chest.
Description (Brief)
One (1) 20 dollar coin, proof
United States, 1890
Obverse Image: Liberty wearing a coronet and facing left. 13 stars around.
Obverse Text: LIBERTY / 1890
Reverse Image: Heraldic eagle with wings outstretched clutching arrows and branch in talons, shield over chest. Scrolls on either side of eagle, ring of 13 stars above eagle's head, rays above stars.
Reverse Text: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA / TWENTY DOLLARS / IN GOD WE TRUST / E PLURIBUS UNUM
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1890
designer
Longacre, James Barton
maker
United States Mint
ID Number
1985.0441.1046
catalog number
1985.0441.1046
accession number
1985.0441

5 dollars

Currently not on view
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1991
depicted (sitter)
Jefferson, Thomas
maker
Bureau of Engraving and Printing
ID Number
2010.0019.187
accession number
2010.0019
catalog number
2010.0019.187

5 Dollar, John Parsons & Co., United States, 1861

One (1) 5 dollar coinUnited States, 1861Obverse Image: Quartz reduction mill.Obverse Text: JNO PARSON & CO.
Description (Brief)
One (1) 5 dollar coin
United States, 1861
Obverse Image: Quartz reduction mill.
Obverse Text: JNO PARSON & CO. / ORO
Reverse Image: Eagle with shield clutching arrows and olive branch.
Reverse Text: PIKES PEAK GOLD / FIVE D.
Description
The other pioneer mint in Colorado was the brainchild of an Indiana metallurgist, Dr. John D. Parsons. He appeared in Denver in the summer of 1858, and soon headed for Oro City with his assaying tools. He set up a business at Tarryall Mines, midway between Tarryall and Hamilton.
John Parsons's chosen trade was now that of coiner. He struck quarter and half eagles, whose obverses depicted a stamping mill, that essential piece of equipment for separating gold from its quartz matrix. A somewhat crude rendition of the American eagle held sway on the reverses of his coins. Parsons's products look primitive compared with Clark, Gruber's wares, and they may have been struck by hand.
However they were created, very few have survived. Six of John Parsons's quarter eagles are known, and only five of his halves.
Location
Currently not on view
Date made
1861
maker
John Parsons & Co.
ID Number
NU.68.159.1179
accession number
283645
catalog number
68.159.1179

20 Dollars, United States Assay Office of Gold, United States, 1853

One (1) 20 dollar coin, proofUnited States, 1853Obverse Image: Eagle with shield, arrows, and branch; ribbon in beak.Obverse Text: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA / TWENTY D. / 900 THOUS.
Description (Brief)
One (1) 20 dollar coin, proof
United States, 1853
Obverse Image: Eagle with shield, arrows, and branch; ribbon in beak.
Obverse Text: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA / TWENTY D. / 900 THOUS. / LIBERTY
Reverse Image: Engine-turning design.
Reverse Text: UNITED STATES ASSAY OFFICE OF GOLD / SAN FRANCISCO / CALIFORNIA. 1853.
Description
This was the final production of the provisional United States operation in San Francisco. A formal branch U.S. Mint was set up soon and began operations in the spring of 1854. A few proof strikes of the 1853 double eagle are known, including this coin.
Location
Currently not on view
Date made
1853
mint
United States Assay Office of Gold
ID Number
1985.0551.0720
catalog number
1985.0551.0720
accession number
1985.0551

2,000 Dollars

Currently not on view
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1781
date on object
1781-05-07
maker
Dunlap, John
ID Number
NU.79.112.CC214
catalog number
79.112.CC214
collector/donor number
CC214
accession number
1979.1263
serial number
6549

8 Reales, Bolivia, 1647

Currently not on view
Location
Currently not on view
Date made
1647
period of administration
1621 - 1665
head of government
Philip IV
ID Number
NU.84.56.03
catalog number
84.56.03
accession number
1984.0964
catalog number
1984.0964.0003

Titanic Gold Medal

Founded in 1904 by wealthy financier Andrew Carnegie in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, the Carnegie Hero Fund Commission (CHFC) exists to honor acts of individual civilian heroism in the United States and Canada.
Description
Founded in 1904 by wealthy financier Andrew Carnegie in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, the Carnegie Hero Fund Commission (CHFC) exists to honor acts of individual civilian heroism in the United States and Canada. It is still active today; recipients include both the living, the dead, and persons directly affected by the loss of a heroic relative.
The emotional impact on the general public of the April 1912 loss of the ocean liner Titanic was astonishing, and the continually updated story lasted for months in the contemporary newspapers. In Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, the Commission felt inspired to honor all the heroes who had risked their lives in the rescue of the 700 passengers, so at their April 26, 1912 meeting they authorized a nine-oz. 22-k gold medal to be struck, mounted in an elaborate bronze base, inscribed and presented to the Smithsonian. The Smithsonian accepted the gift and displayed it before adding it to the National Numismatic Collection in the National Museum of American History.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
ca 1912
maker
Flanagan, John
ID Number
NU.13650
accession number
54893
catalog number
13650

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