Communications

Tools of communication have transformed American society time and again over the past two centuries. The Museum has preserved many instruments of these changes, from printing presses to personal digital assistants.

The collections include hundreds of artifacts from the printing trade and related fields, including papermaking equipment, wood and metal type collections, bookbinding tools, and typesetting machines. Benjamin Franklin is said to have used one of the printing presses in the collection in 1726.

More than 7,000 objects chart the evolution of electronic communications, including the original telegraph of Samuel Morse and Alexander Graham Bell's early telephones. Radios, televisions, tape recorders, and the tools of the computer age are part of the collections, along with wireless phones and a satellite tracking system.

This postcard view of the Garden of Mission Santa Barbara was published by the Edward H. Mitchell company of San Francisco about 1908, as a photomechanical lithograph. The Edward H.
Description (Brief)
This postcard view of the Garden of Mission Santa Barbara was published by the Edward H. Mitchell company of San Francisco about 1908, as a photomechanical lithograph. The Edward H. Mitchell company published postcards between about 1900 and 1928.
Founded in 1786, Mission Santa Barbara was the tenth of twenty-one Spanish Franciscan missions established in California between 1769 and 1823. The mission was built to convert American Indians of the Chumash tribe to Catholicism.
Today the mission serves as a parish church and includes a museum, a Franciscan friary, or monastery, and a retreat site.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
ca 1900
graphic artist
Mitchell, Edward H.
ID Number
GA.24880.016
catalog number
24880.016
accession number
1978.0801
This patent model demonstrates an invention for sidesticks with several tapering sections, and grooves or steps to guide the quoins on their path; the invention was granted patent number 145574.Currently not on view
Description (Brief)
This patent model demonstrates an invention for sidesticks with several tapering sections, and grooves or steps to guide the quoins on their path; the invention was granted patent number 145574.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
ca 1873
patent date
1873-12-16
maker
Keehn, Francis
ID Number
1996.0062.10
patent number
145574
accession number
1996.0062
catalog number
1996.0062.10
This patent model demonstrates an invention for a casting printers’ lead; it was granted patent number 155609. Molten lead was rolled out to thickness between two flexible steel belts, then cut into strips, trimmed, and planed smooth.Currently not on view
Description (Brief)
This patent model demonstrates an invention for a casting printers’ lead; it was granted patent number 155609. Molten lead was rolled out to thickness between two flexible steel belts, then cut into strips, trimmed, and planed smooth.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
ca 1874
patent date
1874-10-06
maker
Goodale, John
ID Number
GA.24905
patent number
155609
accession number
1978.1070
catalog number
GA*24905
This patent model demonstrates an invention for quoins whose two sides were opened or closed by wedges governed by a central double-threaded screw; the invention was granted patent number 139351.Currently not on view
Description (Brief)
This patent model demonstrates an invention for quoins whose two sides were opened or closed by wedges governed by a central double-threaded screw; the invention was granted patent number 139351.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
ca 1873
patent date
1873-05-27
maker
Ames, Chauncey W.
Ames, Chauncey W.
ID Number
1996.0062.01
patent number
139351
accession number
1996.0062
catalog number
1996.0062.01
This patent model demonstrates an invention for a combination of quoins and sidesticks which was granted patent number 218518. The quoins swiveled on the ends of wide screws that turned into the sides of the metal sidesticks.
Description (Brief)
This patent model demonstrates an invention for a combination of quoins and sidesticks which was granted patent number 218518. The quoins swiveled on the ends of wide screws that turned into the sides of the metal sidesticks. A guage in the center of each sidestick told the compositor how far the quoin could be extended.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
ca 1879
patent date
1879-08-12
maker
Gosorn, George T.
ID Number
1996.0062.09
patent number
218518
accession number
1996.0062
catalog number
1996.0062.09
patent number
218518
This patent model demonstrates an invention for a self-inking percussion stamp; the invention was granted patent number 16608.Currently not on view
Description (Brief)
This patent model demonstrates an invention for a self-inking percussion stamp; the invention was granted patent number 16608.
Location
Currently not on view
Date made
1857
date made
ca 1857
patent date
1857-02-10
maker
Ramsay, P. A.
ID Number
1996.0062.15
patent number
016608
accession number
1996.0062
catalog number
1996.0062.15
This postcard view of Mission San Francisco Solano de Sonoma was printed by the Curt Teich Company using photomechanical processes. The card was published in about 1914 by the I. L.
Description (Brief)
This postcard view of Mission San Francisco Solano de Sonoma was printed by the Curt Teich Company using photomechanical processes. The card was published in about 1914 by the I. L. Eno company in San Diego, Calif.
The Chicago-based Curt Teich Company manufactured postcards between 1898 and 1978 in association with several publishers. It used the term "Photochrom" and later "Colortone" to describe its color printing processes.
Mission San Francisco Solano De Sonoma founded in 1823, was the last of twenty-one missions built by Spanish Franciscans in California between 1769 and 1823. The mission was established to convert American Indians of the region to Catholicism.
Today the mission is a historical site managed by the Sonoma State Historic Parks system.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
ca 1914
graphic artist
Eno, I. L.
ID Number
1986.0639.0322
accession number
1986.0639
catalog number
1986.639.0322
This American common press was made by Francis Shield in about 1811. The press included an American open hose, a platen attached by hose bolts and faced with iron. It includes is original tympan and frisket, but its plank was repaired in the Museum.
Description (Brief)
This American common press was made by Francis Shield in about 1811. The press included an American open hose, a platen attached by hose bolts and faced with iron. It includes is original tympan and frisket, but its plank was repaired in the Museum. It is marked on the hose “F SHIELD.” The press has a height of 75 inches, a width, at cheeks, of 29.5 inches, and a length of 70 inches. The platen measures 12.5 inches by 18 inches.
The press was made by Francis Shield, a Londoner, who set
up his press-building factory in New York in 1811 soon after
arriving in the country. In England Shield had built iron Stanhope
presses. Here, he produced a press that is typically American in
style, with open hose and heavy simple timbers instead of the box
hose and lighter timbers of English presses. This may be the press
that he made for the Long Island Star—one of the first two presses
that he built in the United States.
The press arrived at the Museum with an unusual “stone,” or type
bed seated in plaster, which was a cast-iron plate measuring 20 inches by 26.25 inches. The bed was one inch thick and it included a raised iron box in the center. It was evidently a late addition recycled from some other kind of apparatus, that was probably not a printing press. The plate has been removed.
Donated by the Friends of Long Island’s Heritage, 1987
Citations: Philip Gaskell, “A Census of Wooden Presses,” in
Journal of the Printing Historical Society 6, 1970 (census no.
17, p. 31); Elizabeth Harris, “The American Common Press,” p.
46, in Journal of the Printing Historical Society no. 8, 1978; Elizabeth Harris, "Printing Presses in the Graphic Arts Collection," 1996.
Date made
circa 1811
date made
ca 1811
maker
Shield, Francis
ID Number
1987.0471.01
accession number
1987.0471
catalog number
1987.0471.01
This patent model demonstrates an invention for a small, self-inking clockwork press that printed from curved stereotype plates; the invention was granted patent number 71103.Currently not on view
Description (Brief)
This patent model demonstrates an invention for a small, self-inking clockwork press that printed from curved stereotype plates; the invention was granted patent number 71103.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
ca 1867
patent date
1867-11-19
maker
Wilbur, J. M.
ID Number
GA.89797.071103
patent number
071103
accession number
089797
catalog number
GA*89797.071103
William Dougal (1822–1895) of Washington, D.C.
Description (Brief)
William Dougal (1822–1895) of Washington, D.C. engraved this print of “Phrynosoma regale [Girard] and Doliosaurus m’callii [Girard]”—now "Phrynosoma solare" (Regal horned lizard) and "Phrynosoma mcallii" (Flat–tail horned lizard); from one or more original illustrations by John H. Richard (c.1807–1881) of Philadelphia. The illustration was published as Plate 28 in the “Reptiles” section of the second part of volume II of the Report on the United States and Mexican Boundary Survey, written by S.F. Baird (1823–1887). The volume was printed in 1859 by Cornelius Wendell of Washington, D.C.
Description
William Dougal (1822–1895) of Washington, D.C. engraved this print of “Phrynosoma regale [Girard] and Doliosaurus m’callii [Girard]”—now "Phrynosoma solare" (Regal horned lizard) and "Phrynosoma mcallii" (Flat–tail horned lizard); from an original sketch by John H. Richard (c.1807–1881) of Philadelphia. The illustration was printed as Plate 28 in the “Reptiles” section of the second part of volume II of the Report on the United States and Mexican Boundary Survey, written by S.F. Baird (1823–1887). The volume was printed in 1859 by Cornelius Wendell of Washington, D.C.
Location
Currently not on view
date of book publication
1859
author
Baird, Spencer Fullerton
original artist
Richard, John H.
graphic artist
Dougal, William H.
printer
Wendell, Cornelius
author
Emory, William H.
publisher
U.S. Department of the Interior
U.S. Army
ID Number
2009.0115.062
catalog number
2009.0115.062
accession number
2009.0115
This patent model demonstrates an invention for a pneumatic sheet-feed apparatus consisting of a suction bar and pins to separate and lift the sheets; the invention was granted patent number 160721.Currently not on view
Description (Brief)
This patent model demonstrates an invention for a pneumatic sheet-feed apparatus consisting of a suction bar and pins to separate and lift the sheets; the invention was granted patent number 160721.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
ca 1875
patent date
1875-03-09
maker
Scholfield, Socrates
ID Number
GA.89797.160721
patent number
160721
accession number
089797
catalog number
GA*89797.160721
This patent model demonstrates an invention for printers' furniture which was granted patent number 141450.
Description (Brief)
This patent model demonstrates an invention for printers' furniture which was granted patent number 141450. Furniture of a single length was used, and each piece was slotted horizontally from each end to near the middle, so that the side and end pieces could be fitted through each other.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
ca 1873
patent date
1873-08-05
patentee
Montague, Harlan P.
ID Number
GA.89797.141450
accession number
089797
patent number
141450
catalog number
GA*89797.141450
This American common press dates from about 1815. It was incomplete upon its arrival at the Smithsonian, but was restored in 1972.
Description (Brief)
This American common press dates from about 1815. It was incomplete upon its arrival at the Smithsonian, but was restored in 1972. The press has a height of 75 inches a width, at cheeks, of 32 inches and a length of 67 inches; its platen measures 13.5 inches by 19.5 inches.
The press has its original cheeks, spindle, plank with coffin,
and bar, but is missing all of its other original parts, including the
nut and the hose, which often carried the maker’s name. The
surviving parts are typical of presses made in about 1815 by Adam Ramage of Philadelphia. The press has been restored in that
style. Its previous owner, John Lant, incorrectly believed it to be the
press used by William Bradford in New York in 1690.
Purchased from John A. Lant, 1901.
Citations Philip Gaskell, “A Census of Wooden Presses,” in Journal of the Printing Historical Society 6, 1970 (census no. 6, p.27); Elizabeth Harris, “The American Common Press,” pp. 42-52, in Journal of the Printing Historical Society no. 8, 1978; Elizabeth Harris, "Printing Presses in the Graphic Arts Collection," 1996.
Date made
1815
date made
ca 1815
maker
unknown
ID Number
GA.09287
accession number
1900.36751
catalog number
GA*09287
This patent model demonstrates an invention for a small self-inking card press which was granted patent number 17405. A traveling frame carried the inking and impression rollers across the fixed type bed and ink plate.Currently not on view
Description (Brief)
This patent model demonstrates an invention for a small self-inking card press which was granted patent number 17405. A traveling frame carried the inking and impression rollers across the fixed type bed and ink plate.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
ca 1857
patent date
1857-05-26
maker
Learned, S. D.
ID Number
GA.89797.017405
accession number
089797
patent number
017405
catalog number
GA*89797.017405
This patent model demonstrates an invention for a type-cutting machine which was granted patent number 31333.
Description (Brief)
This patent model demonstrates an invention for a type-cutting machine which was granted patent number 31333. The patent details a machine for sawing type from a solid block of letters by first cutting a strip of letters from the block, then notching the strip, and finally cutting apart the letters. The block could be cast by Smith's patent of 1859.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
ca 1861
patent date
1861-02-05
maker
Smith, John J. C.
ID Number
GA.89797.031333
patent number
031333
accession number
089797
catalog number
GA*89797.031333
This patent model demonstrates an invention for sidesticks composed of two parts that fitted together, tongue in groove, in such a way that the full length of the stick always pressed on the type, no matter how far the two parts were pulled out.
Description (Brief)
This patent model demonstrates an invention for sidesticks composed of two parts that fitted together, tongue in groove, in such a way that the full length of the stick always pressed on the type, no matter how far the two parts were pulled out. The invention was granted patent number 115136.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
ca 1871
patent date
1871-05-23
maker
Uhlhorn, John F.
ID Number
GA.89797.115136
patent number
115136
accession number
089797
catalog number
GA*89797.115136
This patent model demonstrates an invention for an apparatus to receive and stack sheets as they came from a press, or cut and pile printed sheets from a web. The invention was granted patent number 25068.Currently not on view
Description (Brief)
This patent model demonstrates an invention for an apparatus to receive and stack sheets as they came from a press, or cut and pile printed sheets from a web. The invention was granted patent number 25068.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
ca 1859
patent date
1859-08-09
patentee
Wilkinson, Jephtha A.
ID Number
GA.89797.025068
accession number
089797
patent number
025068
catalog number
GA*89797.025068
This patent model demonstrates an invention for a sheet delivery apparatus which was granted patent number 227599. The patent describes an improved sheet-collecting cylinder and pasting apparatus.Currently not on view
Description (Brief)
This patent model demonstrates an invention for a sheet delivery apparatus which was granted patent number 227599. The patent describes an improved sheet-collecting cylinder and pasting apparatus.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
ca 1880
patent date
1880-05-11
maker
Tucker, Stephen D.
ID Number
GA.89797.227599
accession number
089797
patent number
227599
catalog number
GA*89797.227599
This patent model demonstrates an invention for a sheet-feed apparatus which was granted patent number 143740. The patent is for a pneumatic feeder adaptable to sheets of different sizes, as well as sheets for printing on both sides.Currently not on view
Description (Brief)
This patent model demonstrates an invention for a sheet-feed apparatus which was granted patent number 143740. The patent is for a pneumatic feeder adaptable to sheets of different sizes, as well as sheets for printing on both sides.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
ca 1873
patent date
1873-10-21
maker
Ashley, John T.
Ashley, F.
ID Number
GA.89797.143740
accession number
089797
patent number
143740
catalog number
GA*89797.143740
This patent model demonstrates an invention for adjustable feed gauges for platen presses, to take paper and cards of various sizes. The invention was granted patent number 162207. (James Turner was from Montreal, Canada.)Currently not on view
Description (Brief)
This patent model demonstrates an invention for adjustable feed gauges for platen presses, to take paper and cards of various sizes. The invention was granted patent number 162207. (James Turner was from Montreal, Canada.)
Location
Currently not on view
date made
ca 1875
patent date
1875-04-20
maker
Turner, James
ID Number
GA.89797.162207
accession number
089797
patent number
162207
catalog number
GA*89797.162207
This patent model demonstrates an invention for a flatbed printing press; the invention was granted patent number 173295. The patent describes improvements to the movement of the bed, the sheet fly, and the inking table of cylinder presses.Currently not on view
Description (Brief)
This patent model demonstrates an invention for a flatbed printing press; the invention was granted patent number 173295. The patent describes improvements to the movement of the bed, the sheet fly, and the inking table of cylinder presses.
Location
Currently not on view
Date made
1876
date made
ca 1876
patent date
1876-02-08
maker
Hoe, Richard March
Tucker, Stephen D.
ID Number
GA.89797.173295
patent number
173295
catalog number
GA*89797.173295
accession number
89797
This patent model demonstrates an invention for a cylinder drum. Maker, patent number, and date are unknown.Currently not on view
Description (Brief)
This patent model demonstrates an invention for a cylinder drum. Maker, patent number, and date are unknown.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
ca 1870
maker
unknown
ID Number
1997.0198.09
catalog number
1997.0198.09
accession number
1997.0198
This patent model demonstrates an invention for a portable and adjustable copy holder on which the reader could tilt the manuscript backwards or spin it sideways, "with reference to light, etc., to suit himself." The invention was granted patent number 155202.
Description (Brief)
This patent model demonstrates an invention for a portable and adjustable copy holder on which the reader could tilt the manuscript backwards or spin it sideways, "with reference to light, etc., to suit himself." The invention was granted patent number 155202. Nutting (1803-1887) was one of the first generation of American lithographers, working at the profession as early as 1826. Later in his life he was also an art teacher, and published a series of art teaching manuals.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
ca 1874
patent date
1874-09-22
patentee
Nutting, Benjamin F.
maker
Nutting, Benjamin F.
ID Number
GA.22843
accession number
249602
patent number
155202
catalog number
22843
GA*22843
This patent model demonstrates an invention for a quoin which was adjusted by means of a tapered screw; the invention was granted patent number 173493.Currently not on view
Description (Brief)
This patent model demonstrates an invention for a quoin which was adjusted by means of a tapered screw; the invention was granted patent number 173493.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
ca 1876
patent date
1876-02-15
maker
Polen, George B.
ID Number
1996.0062.14
patent number
173493
accession number
1996.0062
catalog number
1996.0062.14

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