Communications

Tools of communication have transformed American society time and again over the past two centuries. The Museum has preserved many instruments of these changes, from printing presses to personal digital assistants.

The collections include hundreds of artifacts from the printing trade and related fields, including papermaking equipment, wood and metal type collections, bookbinding tools, and typesetting machines. Benjamin Franklin is said to have used one of the printing presses in the collection in 1726.

More than 7,000 objects chart the evolution of electronic communications, including the original telegraph of Samuel Morse and Alexander Graham Bell's early telephones. Radios, televisions, tape recorders, and the tools of the computer age are part of the collections, along with wireless phones and a satellite tracking system.

This pen-and-ink drawing prepared for The Flintstones comic strip shows Fred using his vehicle to squeeze out the last bit of toothpaste in the tube.Gene Hazelton (1919-2005) worked as both an animator and a newspaper comic artist.
Description (Brief)
This pen-and-ink drawing prepared for The Flintstones comic strip shows Fred using his vehicle to squeeze out the last bit of toothpaste in the tube.
Gene Hazelton (1919-2005) worked as both an animator and a newspaper comic artist. In 1939 he was hired by Walt Disney Studios and contributed animation drawings to films such as Fantasia and Pinocchio. After the 1941 animators’ strike at Disney, Hazelton worked for Robert Clampett at Warner Bros., as well as for Hanna-Barbera at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios, Inc. During the 1950s Hazelton worked as a freelance illustrator and in the process developed his first newspaper comic panel called Angel Face. Beginning in 1961, and for over two decades, he served as the chief illustrator for both The Flintstones and the Yogi Bear newspaper strips for Hanna-Barbera, and assisted with the studio's The Jetsons.
The Flintstones (1961-1988) was a comic strip that was adapted from a television series. The show ran for six seasons between 1960 and 1966. It was the first animated evening series on network television, and until The Simpsons, the most financially successful one. The television show and the strip dealt with family issues in a prehistoric setting.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1962-11-27
graphic artist
Hazelton, Gene
publisher
McNaught Syndicate, Inc.
Hanna-Barbera
ID Number
2010.0081.263
accession number
2010.0081
catalog number
2010.0081.263
This is the inventor's copy of U.S. Patent #3,100,818 issued to Thomas Carter in 1963 for the Carterfone device.
Description (Brief)
This is the inventor's copy of U.S. Patent #3,100,818 issued to Thomas Carter in 1963 for the Carterfone device. The United States Constitution authorizes Congress “to promote the progress of science and useful arts, by securing for limited times to authors and inventors the exclusive right to their respective writings and discoveries.” The idea is to encourage invention by granting inventors a legal monopoly for a given period of time, today that period is 20 years. In November 1959 Carter filed for a patent on his method of wirelessly connecting telephone and radio conversations. He received this sealed and ribboned copy almost 4 years later.
Location
Currently not on view
Date made
1963
maker
U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
ID Number
1989.0504.04
accession number
1989.0504
catalog number
1989.0504.04
patent number
3100818
Originally drawn as "Aggie Mack" by Hal Rasmusson in 1946, Roy Fox took over the comic strip in 1962 at the time of Rasmusson's death, shortening the title to "Aggie". The strip features the adventures of a blond teenager named Agnes (Aggie) and her friends.
Description
Originally drawn as "Aggie Mack" by Hal Rasmusson in 1946, Roy Fox took over the comic strip in 1962 at the time of Rasmusson's death, shortening the title to "Aggie". The strip features the adventures of a blond teenager named Agnes (Aggie) and her friends. In this strip, Wayout is describing the perfect person: himself.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
08/15/1966
graphic artist
Fox, Roy
publisher
Tribune Printing Company
ID Number
GA.22628
catalog number
22628
accession number
277502
This pen-and-ink drawing produced for the comic strip Tales of the Green Beret shows Sgt. Benton looking for Chris Tower, who has been kidnapped in Saigon.
Description (Brief)
This pen-and-ink drawing produced for the comic strip Tales of the Green Beret shows Sgt. Benton looking for Chris Tower, who has been kidnapped in Saigon. In order to find Tower, Benton tries to obtain information from a Vietnamese boy.
Joseph "Joe" Kubert (1926-2012) assisted at the Archie and Harry “A” Chesler shops in his early career. He later worked primarily for DC Comics, but continued work with other publishing companies. He also served as an editor, and in the 1960s worked on the Tales of the Green Beret. Kubert established The Kubert School for cartooning in 1976. He worked in comic books as well as newspaper strips throughout the 1980s, and in the 1990s began assisting his sons on their own comic strips.
Tales of the Green Beret (1965-1969) was adapted into a comic strip from the 1965 novel The Green Berets by Robin Moore. Moore’s story was published at a time when public opinion about the Vietnam War was still positive and real-life Green Berets were being celebrated in the media. The strip’s writing was credited to Robin Moore himself, although it was ghostwritten by Jerry Capp. After two years as the artist, Joe Kubert decided to leave the strip, which was eventually adapted for comic book format, but by that time public opinion about the war no longer supported the continuation of the story.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1966-08-28
graphic artist
Moore, Robin
Kubert, Joe
publisher
Tribune Printing Company
ID Number
GA.22469
catalog number
22469
accession number
277502
This pen-and-ink drawing produced for the Hubert comic strip shows the title character suspecting his wife of cheating at Checkers because she knocked over the Checkers table while she was sneezing.Richard C.
Description (Brief)
This pen-and-ink drawing produced for the Hubert comic strip shows the title character suspecting his wife of cheating at Checkers because she knocked over the Checkers table while she was sneezing.
Richard C. "Dick" Wingert (1919-1993) studied art in Indianapolis beginning in 1937. His career began as an artist for the U.S. Army newspaper Stars and Stripes, where his single comic character, a simple soldier named Hubert, was debuted. The character's wife, children, and dog were included in the story of his later civilian life. Wingert drew the strip until 1992.
Hubert (1942-1994), a single-panel comic strip concerning an ordinary soldier, was produced for Stars and Stripes. After the war the title character became a civilian and went back to everyday life, with its repetitious, disagreeable, and unsatisfying components.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1966-09-07
graphic artist
Wingert, Dick
publisher
King Features Syndicate
ID Number
GA.22439
catalog number
22439
accession number
277502
This pen-and-ink drawing prepared for the The Katzenjammer Kids comic strip shows “der Captain” calling “der Inspector” a “cheapskate” after being accused of being lazy. During the verbal altercation, Hans and Fritz offer “der Inspector” a bag that he thinks is full of cash.
Description (Brief)
This pen-and-ink drawing prepared for the The Katzenjammer Kids comic strip shows “der Captain” calling “der Inspector” a “cheapskate” after being accused of being lazy. During the verbal altercation, Hans and Fritz offer “der Inspector” a bag that he thinks is full of cash. To prove he isn’t stingy, “der Inspector” offers half to “der Captain,” then they discover that the bag contains a wild cat planted by the two boys as a prank.
Joseph "Joe" Musial (1905-1977) was a comic artist who began working in 1929 as an assistant to Billy DeBeck’s comic strip Barney Google. In 1932 Musial was hired by King Features Syndicate to serve as a substitute artist on strips such as Blondie, Bringing Up Father, and Thimble Theatre. In 1956 Musial was asked to draw The Katzenjammer Kids. He continued drawing the strip until 1976.
The Katzenjammer Kids (1897- ) premiered in American Humorist, a Sunday supplement to the New York Journal. The creator of the strip, German immigrant Rudolph Dirks (1877-1968), was inspired by a German children’s story from the 1860s called “Max and Moritz.” The storyline included mischievous twins, similar to the later comic strip protagonists Hans and Fritz. Both sets of twins have an aversion to authority. The strip often sees Hans and Fritz playing pranks on various adults, such as their mother, “der Captain” (who acts as a father figure), “der Inspector” (a school official), and their tutor, Miss Twiddle.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1966-05-22
graphic artist
Musial, Joe
publisher
King Features Syndicate
ID Number
GA.22552
catalog number
22552
accession number
277502
Mr. Breger (also published as Private Breger and G.I. Joe during World War II) was created by Dave Breger (1908-1970), syndicated by King Features from 1946-1960s. Breger has been credited with creating the term "G.I.
Description
Mr. Breger (also published as Private Breger and G.I. Joe during World War II) was created by Dave Breger (1908-1970), syndicated by King Features from 1946-1960s. Breger has been credited with creating the term "G.I. Joe", replacing the term "Yank" to describe American soldiers. The comic is a gag-panel about life in the military. In this comic, The Bregers go to the attorney to discover what Mr. Breger's uncle willed to him.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
8/21/1966
publisher
King Features Syndicate
ID Number
GA.22334
catalog number
22334
The Japanese emphasized electronic technology when rebuilding their manufacturing capability after World War II. The need to replace factories and equipment destroyed during the war gave them the opportunity to take advantage of the latest innovations and enter new markets.
Description (Brief)
The Japanese emphasized electronic technology when rebuilding their manufacturing capability after World War II. The need to replace factories and equipment destroyed during the war gave them the opportunity to take advantage of the latest innovations and enter new markets. The invention of the transistor at Bell Labs in 1947 proved to be a significant opportunity for Japanese electronics companies like Minatronics.
This model TE-155 answering machine does not electrically connect to the telephone, A desk telephone was placed on the deck of the unit and the lever is slipped under the handset. When the phone rang, the lever lifted the hand-set and the recording began. This indirect method of recording was required due to AT&T’s disapproval of telephone answering machines. Since the device did not connect to the company’s lines, the user avoided sanction.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
ca 1966
maker
Minatronics Corporation
ID Number
1987.0176.01
accession number
1987.0176
catalog number
1987.0176.01
model number
TE-155A
This pen-and-ink drawing produced for the Ferd’nand comic strip shows the title character looking for his glasses.
Description (Brief)
This pen-and-ink drawing produced for the Ferd’nand comic strip shows the title character looking for his glasses. He cannot remember where he left them until he sits down to read the newspaper and realizes he's just broken them.
Henning Dahl Mikkelsen (1915-1982) was a Danish comic artist who worked in animation in Copenhagen and in filmmaking in London. In 1937 he created the Ferd’nand strip, which was syndicated in European and later American newspapers. Mikkelsen became an American citizen in 1954. He continued writing the strip until his death in 1982.
Ferd’nand (1937-2012) was first published in Copenhagen in 1937. It became syndicated and was first published in the United States in 1947. The characters in the strip included Ferd'nand, his wife, his son, and the family dog. The likable and extended strip also became popular with international readers because of its lack of dialogue.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1966-08-24
graphic artist
Mikkelsen, Henning Dahl
publisher
United Feature Syndicate, Inc.
ID Number
GA.22641
catalog number
22641
accession number
277502
This audio tape cartridge was designed in 1963 by Cousino Electronics Corporation. Today’s music listeners familiar with audio tape players typically think of the compact cassette format or perhaps the 8-track cartridge.
Description (Brief)
This audio tape cartridge was designed in 1963 by Cousino Electronics Corporation. Today’s music listeners familiar with audio tape players typically think of the compact cassette format or perhaps the 8-track cartridge. However, other inventors designed many different tape formats while searching for an optimum combination of reliability, economy and ease of use. One such inventor was Bernard Cousino of Toledo, Ohio, who designed a single-loop magnetic tape cartridge for advertising use in 1952. His company continued producing tapes for a variety of uses into the 1960s.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
ca 1963
maker
Cousino Electronics Corporation
ID Number
1995.0316.07
accession number
1995.0316
catalog number
1995.0316.07
This Crown model CTA-4000 answering machine from the late 1960s used a non-standard cassette for recording messages. The telephone sat on top of the unit and was connected via a pickup and telephone cradle plug. A small microphone is mounted in a slot on the right side.
Description (Brief)
This Crown model CTA-4000 answering machine from the late 1960s used a non-standard cassette for recording messages. The telephone sat on top of the unit and was connected via a pickup and telephone cradle plug. A small microphone is mounted in a slot on the right side. The duration of message was 60 seconds. An advertisement from 1968 lists the retail price as $98.50 while one year it sold for $49.95.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
ca 1968
maker
Crown Radio Corporation
ID Number
1982.0264.01
accession number
1982.0264
catalog number
1982.0264.01
Currently not on view
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1969
1962
original artist
Palmer, Frances F.
publisher
Travelers Companies, Inc.
ID Number
2012.3050.05.13
nonaccession number
2012.3050
catalog number
2012.3050.05.13
Currently not on view
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1969
original artist
Palmer, Frances F.
publisher
Travelers Companies, Inc.
ID Number
2012.3050.05.06
nonaccession number
2012.3050
catalog number
2012.3050.05.06
This pen-and-ink drawing produced for the Dondi comic strip shows Baldy and Dondi talking about how the bike they thought was missing was actually secretly purchased by Baldy's parents for his birthday.
Description (Brief)
This pen-and-ink drawing produced for the Dondi comic strip shows Baldy and Dondi talking about how the bike they thought was missing was actually secretly purchased by Baldy's parents for his birthday. The reader then sees a man sitting in a jail cell.
Irwin Hasen (1918-2015) started his career in comic book illustration for titles such as The Green Hornet and The Flash. After service in the U.S. Army Hasen returned to comic book production, but while on holiday in Europe he met Gus Edson, with whom he later collaborated on Dondi. The strip, written by Edson and drawn by Hasen, debuted in 1955. After Edson’s death in 1966, Hasen continued drawing and writing the strip.
Dondi (1955-1986), the title character, was the inspiration of cocreator Gus Edson after a USO trip to Europe during World War II. The young, orphaned Italian boy was found by an American soldier named Ted Willis, who took him back to the United States. The early comic strip story discussed Dondi's Italian history and new American life. Later, during and after the Korean and Vietnam wars, Dondi's heritage in the strip changed to fit a similar story in the later wars. A film adaptation of Dondi premiered in 1961.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1966-08-17
author
Hasen, Irwin
graphic artist
Edson, Gus
publisher
Tribune Printing Company
ID Number
GA.22626
catalog number
22626
accession number
277502
"Here's Mom" was a series of comic panels created and drawn by Jud Isabel and distributed by the Chicago Tribune Syndicate between 1961 and 1970. The comic featured the domestic trials of everyday mothers.
Description
"Here's Mom" was a series of comic panels created and drawn by Jud Isabel and distributed by the Chicago Tribune Syndicate between 1961 and 1970. The comic featured the domestic trials of everyday mothers. In this panel, Mom comes home to find cupcakes and a mess in her kitchen, with her daughter baking. Written in blue ink beneath the picture, "Hi mom! Guess what I learned to make in school today!"
Location
Currently not on view
date made
08/22/1965
publisher
Tribune Printing Company
ID Number
GA.22349
catalog number
22349
accession number
277502
This portable Fi-Cord reel-to-reel tape recorder was made in Switzerland around 1964.
Description (Brief)
This portable Fi-Cord reel-to-reel tape recorder was made in Switzerland around 1964. Intended for use as a portable dictating machine, the Fi-Cord model 101 weighs nearly two pounds (one kilogram).
The Swiss economy has always been heavily dependant on exporting manufactured products, especially finely crafted items like clocks and watches. This tape recorder exhibits the skill one associates with Swiss engineering and also shows that they quickly adopted transistors for small electronic devices.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1964
maker
Fi-cord International
ID Number
1986.0407.01
accession number
1986.0407
catalog number
1986.0407.01
Thomas Carter and his Carterfone played a significant role in ending the Bell Telephone Company’s monopoly on telephone service in the United States. Carter’s device connected telephone and radio conversations without a wired electrical connection.
Description (Brief)
Thomas Carter and his Carterfone played a significant role in ending the Bell Telephone Company’s monopoly on telephone service in the United States. Carter’s device connected telephone and radio conversations without a wired electrical connection. At the time, the Bell Company owned most of the telephones in America and prohibited customers from using the device claiming that it might harm their network. Carter successfully sued the Bell System arguing that with no wired connection Carterfones could not damage the network. This and other legal cases undermined Bell’s arguments that only a monopoly could provide economical telephone service and the company was broken up in 1982.
date made
ca. 1967
ca 1967
patent holder
Carter, Thomas F.
maker
Carter Electronics Corporation
ID Number
1989.0504.01
accession number
1989.0504
catalog number
1989.0504.01
serial number
42544
The original McDonald brothers' restaurant opened in San Bernardino, California, in 1948. It served hamburgers, fries, and beverages, still the mainstays of McDonald's Restaurant menus.Currently not on view
Description
The original McDonald brothers' restaurant opened in San Bernardino, California, in 1948. It served hamburgers, fries, and beverages, still the mainstays of McDonald's Restaurant menus.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
ca 1965
maker
McDonald's Corporation
ID Number
2013.3090.01
nonaccession number
2013.3090
catalog number
2013.3090.01
This pen-and-ink drawing was prepared for the comic strip Thimble Theatre, Starring Popeye. Popeye is shown talking about his move to his new house, which has everything he could ever need.
Description (Brief)
This pen-and-ink drawing was prepared for the comic strip Thimble Theatre, Starring Popeye. Popeye is shown talking about his move to his new house, which has everything he could ever need. The last panel reveals the house to be next to a spinach factory.
Forrest Cowles "Bud" Sagendorf (1915-1994) started his cartoonist career in 1931 as an assistant to E. C. Segar for the comic strips Thimble Theatre and Sappo. After Segar’s death in 1938, Sagendorf was asked to continue drawing any material that featured the character Popeye, who had been a part of the Thimble Theatre cast since 1929. Over the next few decades, Sagendorf wrote and drew Popeye for Dell Comic Books, and eventually took over the entire Thimble Theatre strip in 1959. In the mid-1980s Sagendorf’s eyesight began to fail and he left the daily strip, but continued to draw the Sunday strip until his death in 1994.
Popeye (1929-1994, dailies, continuing Sundays) was originally a component of E. C. Segar’s Thimble Theatre comic strip. The character Popeye was first introduced when Castor Oyl and Ham Gravy were traveling overseas, and happened upon the sailor while they were lost. The character Popeye became popular and eventually a regular cast member. Later, in the 1970s, the strip was renamed for him. One of the biggest turning points in the strip was Ham Gravy's replacement by Popeye as a love interest for Castor Oyl’s sister, Olive. Gradually, other characters such as Wimpy and Swee’Pea were made more central to the cast. The Popeye character was adapted to films in the 1930s. Newspapers have been publishing reprints of Sagendorf’s dailies since 1994, but the Sunday Popeye strip is still drawn regularly.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1965-01-10
graphic artist
Sagendorf, Bud
publisher
King Features Syndicate
ID Number
GA.22425
catalog number
22425
accession number
277502
Currently not on view
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1969
1962
original artist
Palmer, Frances F.
publisher
Travelers Companies, Inc.
ID Number
2012.3050.05.15
nonaccession number
2012.3050
catalog number
2012.3050.05.15
This pen-and-ink drawing produced for the Prince Valiant comic strip discusses an oncoming army ready to invade Britain, and shows Prince Valiant going out to warn his countrymen.Harold Rudolf "Hal" Foster (1892-1982) was a Canadian-born comic artist.
Description (Brief)
This pen-and-ink drawing produced for the Prince Valiant comic strip discusses an oncoming army ready to invade Britain, and shows Prince Valiant going out to warn his countrymen.
Harold Rudolf "Hal" Foster (1892-1982) was a Canadian-born comic artist. In 1928, after studying art in Chicago, he created the Tarzan comic strip, based on the Edgar Rice Burroughs novels. Foster then created Prince Valiant and was hired by William Randolph Hearst. He continued drawing the strip until he chose John Cullen Murphy to succeed him by 1971. Murphy began officially writing the strip in 1975 as well.
Prince Valiant (1937- ) tells the story of the 5th-century character named Val who is haunted by a prophecy of exploits and unhappiness. After an early storyline dealing with the death of his mother, Val meets King Arthur and Lancelot, and then becomes a knight. Prince Valiant eventually marries Queen Aleta of the Misty Isles but shortly after their wedding Aleta is kidnapped and subsequent strips see Val traveling around the world to find her. In 1946 the tale includes the reunion of the couple in the New World at Niagara Falls. Prince Valiant appeared in comic book form in 1941. The story was the subject of a feature film in 1954.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1966-09-11
graphic artist
Foster, Harold R.
publisher
King Features Syndicate
ID Number
GA.22407
catalog number
22407
accession number
277502
This children’s tin-plate rotary press used rubber type. It was made by the Superior Marking Equipment Company of Chicago in the mid-twentieth century.
Description (Brief)
This children’s tin-plate rotary press used rubber type. It was made by the Superior Marking Equipment Company of Chicago in the mid-twentieth century. The press has a height of 3.5 inches a width of 6.5 inches and a length 8.5 inches.
The press is a smaller edition of the Ace press, described separately.
Donated by Barbara Suit Janssen, 1992.
Citation: Elizabeth Harris, "Printing Presses in the Graphic Arts Collection," 1996.
date made
mid 20th century
ca 1961
maker
Superior Marking Equipment Co.
ID Number
1994.0383.01
catalog number
1994.0383.01
accession number
1994.0383
This pen-and-ink drawing prepared for the Rex Morgan, M.D. comic strip sees Luci Moreland about to move away to start a new job at a hospital.
Description (Brief)
This pen-and-ink drawing prepared for the Rex Morgan, M.D. comic strip sees Luci Moreland about to move away to start a new job at a hospital. Tony Grand asks his brother Joey to give her a ride and attempts to persuade her to stay.
Marvin Bradley (1913-1986) was a comic artist who provided artwork for many strips including Kerry Drake, Mary Worth, and Speed Spaulding. In 1948 he worked with background artist Frank Edgington to draw Rex Morgan, M.D., the strip that made them both famous. Bradley drew the strip until 1978, and then served as a consultant until his retirement in 1984.
Rex Morgan, M.D. (1948- ) was created by Ohio-based psychiatrist Nicholas Dallis (1911-1991), who used the pseudonym Dal Curtis. Dallis wrote the strip based on his experience in the medical profession. He was persuaded to find a storyline to make the subject palatable. He used the young and handsome doctor named Rex Morgan, who often became involved with his patients, as a vehicle for his medical stories. Despite its heavy dramatization, the strip allowed the introduction of medical subjects that were instructional to the public.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1966-07-11
publisher
Publishers Newspapers Syndicate, Inc.
graphic artist
Bradley, Marvin
author
Edgington, Frank
ID Number
GA.22358
catalog number
22358
accession number
277502
This pen-and-ink drawing produced for the Alley Oop comic strip shows Paleolithic cavemen trying to organize an “Eating Club.” Then they discuss the concept of eating first and organizing later.Vincent Trout "V.
Description (Brief)
This pen-and-ink drawing produced for the Alley Oop comic strip shows Paleolithic cavemen trying to organize an “Eating Club.” Then they discuss the concept of eating first and organizing later.
Vincent Trout "V. T." Hamlin (1900-1993) studied art and journalism after his service in World War I. His comic strip Alley Oop was first published in 1932. The storyline is said to have been inspired during his work for a Texas oil company during the 1920s. Hamlin wrote and drew the strip until 1971.
Alley Oop (1932- ) is a comic strip set in prehistoric times. The cast includes the title character; his girlfriend, Oola; his best friend, Foozy; his adversary, King Guz; and his pet dinosaur, Dinny. Alley Oop has been known for its liberal use of time and space travel. Oop and his friends have visited Ancient Egypt, Crusades-era Europe, and the moon. Over the years, the title character was also included in comic books and in the television-animated Saturday series called the Fabulous Funnies.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1966-05-19
graphic artist
Hamlin, Vincent T.
publisher
NEA, Inc.
ID Number
GA.22467
catalog number
22467
accession number
277502

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