Computers & Business Machines

Imagine the loss, 100 years from now, if museums hadn't begun preserving the artifacts of the computer age. The last few decades offer proof positive of why museums must collect continuously—to document technological and social transformations already underway.

The museum's collections contain mainframes, minicomputers, microcomputers, and handheld devices. Computers range from the pioneering ENIAC to microcomputers like the Altair and the Apple I. A Cray2 supercomputer is part of the collections, along with one of the towers of IBM's Deep Blue, the computer that defeated reigning champion Garry Kasparov in a chess match in 1997. Computer components and peripherals, games, software, manuals, and other documents are part of the collections. Some of the instruments of business include adding machines, calculators, typewriters, dictating machines, fax machines, cash registers, and photocopiers

This black and white photograph shows a graph comparing data on the ease of use of various computer screen interaction devices.
Description
This black and white photograph shows a graph comparing data on the ease of use of various computer screen interaction devices. It was included in a 1965 SRI report to NASA.
The photographs of acquisition 2015.3073 relate to the evolution of the computer mouse.
Reference:
William K. English, Douglas C. Engelbart, and Melvyn L. Berman, “Display-Selection Techniques for Text Manipulation,” IEEE Transactions on Human Factors in Electronics, March 1967, Vol. HFE-8, No. 1, pp. 5-15. This image was published as figure 2.
Location
Currently not on view
date made (print)
2014
date made (original photograph)
1965
maker of the print
SRI International
ID Number
2015.3073.01
catalog number
2015.3073.01
nonaccession number
2015.3073
This is the disk drive for the Amiga 500 home computer. For information about the computer, see 2001.0186.03.Currently not on view
Description
This is the disk drive for the Amiga 500 home computer. For information about the computer, see 2001.0186.03.
Location
Currently not on view
maker
Commodore Business Machines, Inc.
Air Products
ID Number
2001.0186.04
catalog number
2001.0186.04
accession number
2001.0186
"Super Alien," a computer game by Commodore sold for the VIC-20 microcomputer, consists of one cartridge in its original box.Currently not on view
Description
"Super Alien," a computer game by Commodore sold for the VIC-20 microcomputer, consists of one cartridge in its original box.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1981
maker
Commodore Business Machines, Inc.
ID Number
1987.0249.30
accession number
1987.0249
catalog number
1987.0249.30
This software was developed in 1981 by Wayne Holder, Oasis Systems and licensed to Non-Linear Systems, Inc. for Kaypro computers. Word Plus was a spell-check program with automatic correction for computers running CP/M operating system.References:“InfoWorld,” August 2, 1982, p.
Description
This software was developed in 1981 by Wayne Holder, Oasis Systems and licensed to Non-Linear Systems, Inc. for Kaypro computers. Word Plus was a spell-check program with automatic correction for computers running CP/M operating system.
References:
“InfoWorld,” August 2, 1982, p. 52-53. (Software review)
http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/det/1624/Kaypro-The-Word-Plus/
http://www.thecomputerarchive.com/Manuals/The%20Word%20Plus%20-%20Oasis%20Systems.pdf
[Last accessed 6/12/2019]
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1981
ID Number
2012.3098.045
catalog number
2012.3098.045
nonaccession number
2012.3098
This laptop computer has a tan plastic case and tan buttons, with a screen on the inside of the lid.
Description
This laptop computer has a tan plastic case and tan buttons, with a screen on the inside of the lid. It also has an AC power adopter and a single separate disc drive with a protruding circuit board.
Documentation received with the computer is 2014.0260.04.
This computer was used by Smithsonian curator Tom Simkni. Simkin worked with the division of mineralogical sciences, particularly on volcanes. He acquired it in 1986 to work away from the museum on research and data collection, particularly for the Global Volcanism Program.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
ca 1984
maker
NEC
ID Number
2014.0260.03
catalog number
2014.0260.03
accession number
2014.0260
This beige plastic box has a single button. A cord links it to a socket for attaching to the computer. This is a model M0100 mouse. The dimensions depend on the arrangement of the cord. The donor used the mouse with an Apple IIe microcomputer.Currently not on view
Description
This beige plastic box has a single button. A cord links it to a socket for attaching to the computer. This is a model M0100 mouse. The dimensions depend on the arrangement of the cord. The donor used the mouse with an Apple IIe microcomputer.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
ca 1990
maker
Apple Computer, Inc.
ID Number
2012.0120.01
catalog number
2012.0120.01
accession number
2012.0120
This documentation is the User's Guide for Microsoft Windows Paint, version 1.0. Along with Windows Write, this software, was packaged with Microsoft’s Windows operating system, released in 1985. Paint was a drawing tool that helped create, enhance, save, and print artwork.
Description
This documentation is the User's Guide for Microsoft Windows Paint, version 1.0. Along with Windows Write, this software, was packaged with Microsoft’s Windows operating system, released in 1985. Paint was a drawing tool that helped create, enhance, save, and print artwork. It used menus and function keys instead of commands and instructions. Microsoft promoted the software as a “useful drawing tool that’s easy to use.”
See also 2012.3098.031 and 2012.3098.032
Reference:
Popular Science May 1986, p. 16d.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1985
maker
Microsoft Corporation
ID Number
2012.3098.030
catalog number
2012.3098.030
nonaccession number
2012.3098
This square-shaped button is designed to be worn as a diamond-shape.
Description
This square-shaped button is designed to be worn as a diamond-shape. It has a fluorescent orange background with purple text that reads: "WATCH YOUR LANGUAGE.” Below, in a purple rectangle with white text, it reads: "prograph.” A mark in black ink on the reverse reads: "Mac World Boston 8/90."
Location
Currently not on view
date made
c 1990
ID Number
2009.3071.598
catalog number
2009.3071.598
nonaccession number
2009.3071
This portable computer, one of the first to be compatible with an IBM-PC, has a tan plastic case, and opens to reveal a screen about the size of the keyboard (and about half the total size of the case).Two disc drives are behind the keyboard.
Description
This portable computer, one of the first to be compatible with an IBM-PC, has a tan plastic case, and opens to reveal a screen about the size of the keyboard (and about half the total size of the case).Two disc drives are behind the keyboard. A heavy AC adapter fits into a jack in the back of the case. The donors reported that this was their daughter's first computer, on which she practiced lessons as a preteen. His son also may have used it to create spreadsheets for the donor's business in the summer of 1989. For software received with the computer, see 2014.0090.02.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
ca 1987
maker
Tandy Corporation
ID Number
2014.0090.01
accession number
2014.0090
catalog number
2014.0090.01
This sloping biege plastic box has a screen about 10.5 cm. x 10.5 cm. for drawing images. It is a filled with a grid of lines. There are two control buttons at the back top. A cord protruding from the back links to the microcomputer.
Description
This sloping biege plastic box has a screen about 10.5 cm. x 10.5 cm. for drawing images. It is a filled with a grid of lines. There are two control buttons at the back top. A cord protruding from the back links to the microcomputer. According to a sticker on the bottom of the instrument, this is a Koala Model 005. It has FCC ID CN475EPAD001 and was made by Koala Technologies Corp. The overall dimensions depend on positon of cord. The donor used the KoalaPad+ with an Apple IIe microcomputer.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
ca 1990
ID Number
2012.0120.02
catalog number
2012.0120.02
accession number
2012.0120
This square plastic box holds a clear plastic sheet marked with a grid of lines that fits in an indentation in the box. There is a black plastic stylus that attaches to the tablet via a cord and another cord to link the tablet to a microcomputer.
Description
This square plastic box holds a clear plastic sheet marked with a grid of lines that fits in an indentation in the box. There is a black plastic stylus that attaches to the tablet via a cord and another cord to link the tablet to a microcomputer. The donor used the device with an Apple IIe microcomputer. The dimensions depend on placement of cord.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
ca 1900
ca 1990
maker
Apple Computer, Inc.
ID Number
2012.0120.03
catalog number
2012.0120.03
accession number
2012.0120
This black microcomputer includes a tower with attached base, a monitor with swivel and stand, a media console that fits under the monitor and holds a diskette and a cd, and a keyboard with mouse.
Description
This black microcomputer includes a tower with attached base, a monitor with swivel and stand, a media console that fits under the monitor and holds a diskette and a cd, and a keyboard with mouse. Various cords join the parts.
The dimensions given are for compact storage, not display.
This particular IBM Aptiva was acquired second-hand by the donor, Leslie Ann Jenson, in 2000, when she began a fulltime teaching position at a Catholic high school in Virginia Beach, Virginia. She used this, her first personally owned computer, primarily for email and grading student work, as well as in her first online job application. The latter proved successful, she went overseas, and the Aptiva gave way to other devices.
Reference:
NMAH accession file 2013.0258.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1996
maker
IBM
ID Number
2013.0258.01
accession number
2013.0258
catalog number
2013.0258.01
This includes:1. IBM 16-bit Sound Card (for Aptiva) - 3 discs - received by owner 7-13-992. Aptiva Emergency WIN98,SE Startup disk - dated by owner 9-12-20003.
Description
This includes:
1. IBM 16-bit Sound Card (for Aptiva) - 3 discs - received by owner 7-13-99
2. Aptiva Emergency WIN98,SE Startup disk - dated by owner 9-12-2000
3. Western Digital Hard Drive Data Lifeguard Tools Version 2.2 - 2000
On the microcomputer used with this software, see 2013.0258.03.
Location
Currently not on view
maker
IBM
ID Number
2013.0258.03
accession number
2013.0258
catalog number
2013.0258.03
This includes:1. Aptiva unpacking getting started setting up - pamphlet - 19962. Aptiva S series model S7H - leaflet - 19963. HelpWare Service and Support for your new Aptiva- pamphlet - 19964. Aptiva Multimedia Monitor User's Guide - pamphlet - 19965.
Description
This includes:
1. Aptiva unpacking getting started setting up - pamphlet - 1996
2. Aptiva S series model S7H - leaflet - 1996
3. HelpWare Service and Support for your new Aptiva- pamphlet - 1996
4. Aptiva Multimedia Monitor User's Guide - pamphlet - 1996
5. IBM Aptiva Cordless Mouse User's Guide - pamphlet - 1996
6. Western Digital, Western Digital Retall Install Guide - pamphlet - 1999 - for hard drive
7. IBM 16-Bit Sound Card User Guide -pamphlet with receipt 1996
On the microcomputer and its use, see 2013.0258.01.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1996-1999
maker
IBM
ID Number
2013.0258.02
accession number
2013.0258
catalog number
2013.0258.02
A computer board for the Altair 8800 microcomputer.Not long after Intel introduced its 8080 microprocessor, a small firm in Albuquerque, New Mexico, named MITS (Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems) announced a computer kit called the Altair, which met the social as well a
Description
A computer board for the Altair 8800 microcomputer.
Not long after Intel introduced its 8080 microprocessor, a small firm in Albuquerque, New Mexico, named MITS (Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems) announced a computer kit called the Altair, which met the social as well as technical requirements for a small personal computer. MITS succeeded where other, more established firms had failed, and it was their machine that inaugurated the personal computer age. MITS got its start in computing in 1971, when it introduced an electronic calculator kit. Several thousand sold before 1974, when the sharp reduction in calculator prices drove the company out of that market.
H. Edward Roberts, the Florida-born former U.S. Air Force officer who headed MITS, decided to design a small, affordable computer around the Intel 8080. His daughter named the new machine after the star Altair. It was the first microcomputer to sell in large numbers. In January 1975, a photograph of the Altair appeared on the cover of the magazine Popular Electronics. The caption read “World's First Minicomputer Kit to Rival Commercial Models.” According to the magazine, the machine sold as a kit for $395, and assembled for $498. Roberts had hoped to break even by selling 200 Altairs. Within three months he had a backlog of 4,000 orders.
Enthusiasm for the Altair and other personal computers spawned computer hobbyist clubs, computer stores, newsletters, magazines, and conventions. By 1977, a host of companies, large and small, were producing microcomputers for a mass market. This phenomenon was abetted by a design decision to make the Altair an "open" machine. In other words, it passed data along a channel called a bus, whose specifications were not kept a secret. That way both MITS and other companies could add memory cards, cards to control a printer or other devices as long as they adhered to the published standards.
This particular Altair was collected by the Smithsonian because it documents how hobbyists would outfit the machine with additional parts and components. The user added his own keyboard, monitor, disk drive, and 17 plug-in boards to expand the computer’s capability. Unfortunately, the original owner of the kit is unknown. The computer was donated to the Smithsonian by a second owner, Mark Sienkiewicz, who purchased it as a collectable item and never used it.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1975
maker
Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems
ID Number
2007.0032.05.11
catalog number
2007.0032.05.11
accession number
2007.0032
Don French, a buyer for the consumer electronics chain Tandy Radio Shack (TRS), believed that Radio Shack should offer an assembled personal computer and hired engineer Steve Leininger to design it. In the summer of 1977, Radio Shack introduced the TRS-80 for $599.
Description
Don French, a buyer for the consumer electronics chain Tandy Radio Shack (TRS), believed that Radio Shack should offer an assembled personal computer and hired engineer Steve Leininger to design it. In the summer of 1977, Radio Shack introduced the TRS-80 for $599. You could purchase the computer without a display for $399.95, but the most common configuration was buying the computer, monitor, and datacassette recorder for $599. For the accompanying keyboard and computer, see 1983.0169.01.
date made
1977-1981
maker
Tandy Corporation
ID Number
1983.0169.02
catalog number
1983.0169.02
accession number
1983.0169
This square button has red text on a white background that reads: I'm Bar Code Ready! It has blue text that reads: ScanPAC For ACCPAC Plus. It has images of barcodes at the top and bottom and the logos for Symbol and Computer Associates.Currently not on view
Description
This square button has red text on a white background that reads: I'm Bar Code Ready! It has blue text that reads: ScanPAC For ACCPAC Plus. It has images of barcodes at the top and bottom and the logos for Symbol and Computer Associates.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
c 1990s
ID Number
2009.3071.256
catalog number
2009.3071.256
nonaccession number
2009.3071
Not long after Intel introduced its 8080 microprocessor, a small firm in Albuquerque, New Mexico, named MITS (Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems) announced a computer kit called the Altair, which met the social as well as technical requirements for a small personal compu
Description
Not long after Intel introduced its 8080 microprocessor, a small firm in Albuquerque, New Mexico, named MITS (Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems) announced a computer kit called the Altair, which met the social as well as technical requirements for a small personal computer. MITS succeeded where other, more established firms had failed, and it was their machine that inaugurated the personal computer age. MITS got its start in computing in 1971, when it introduced an electronic calculator kit. Several thousand sold before 1974, when the sharp reduction in calculator prices drove the company out of that market.
H. Edward Roberts, the Florida-born former U.S. Air Force officer who headed MITS, decided to design a small, affordable computer around the Intel 8080. His daughter named the new machine after the star Altair. It was the first microcomputer to sell in large numbers. In January 1975, a photograph of the Altair appeared on the cover of the magazine Popular Electronics. The caption read “World's First Minicomputer Kit to Rival Commercial Models.” According to the magazine, the machine sold as a kit for $395, and assembled for $498. Roberts had hoped to break even by selling 200 Altairs. Within three months he had a backlog of 4,000 orders.
Enthusiasm for the Altair and other personal computers spawned computer hobbyist clubs, computer stores, newsletters, magazines, and conventions. By 1977, a host of companies, large and small, were producing microcomputers for a mass market. This phenomenon was abetted by a design decision to make the Altair an "open" machine. In other words, it passed data along a channel called a bus, whose specifications were not kept a secret. That way both MITS and other companies could add memory cards, cards to control a printer or other devices as long as they adhered to the published standards.
This particular Altair was collected by the Smithsonian because it documents how hobbyists would outfit the machine with additional parts and components. The user added his own keyboard, monitor, disk drive, and seventeen plug-in boards to expand the computer’s capability. Unfortunately, the original owner of the kit is unknown. The computer was donated to the Smithsonian by a second owner, Mark Sienkiewicz, who purchased it as a collectable item and never used it.
Location
Currently not on view
Date made
1975
maker
Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems
ID Number
2007.0032.01
catalog number
2007.0032.01
accession number
2007.0032
A computer board for the Altair 8800 microcomputer.Not long after Intel introduced its 8080 microprocessor, a small firm in Albuquerque, New Mexico, named MITS (Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems) announced a computer kit called the Altair, which met the social as well a
Description
A computer board for the Altair 8800 microcomputer.
Not long after Intel introduced its 8080 microprocessor, a small firm in Albuquerque, New Mexico, named MITS (Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems) announced a computer kit called the Altair, which met the social as well as technical requirements for a small personal computer. MITS succeeded where other, more established firms had failed, and it was their machine that inaugurated the personal computer age. MITS got its start in computing in 1971, when it introduced an electronic calculator kit. Several thousand sold before 1974, when the sharp reduction in calculator prices drove the company out of that market.
H. Edward Roberts, the Florida-born former U.S. Air Force officer who headed MITS, decided to design a small, affordable computer around the Intel 8080. His daughter named the new machine after the star Altair. It was the first microcomputer to sell in large numbers. In January 1975, a photograph of the Altair appeared on the cover of the magazine Popular Electronics. The caption read “World's First Minicomputer Kit to Rival Commercial Models.” According to the magazine, the machine sold as a kit for $395, and assembled for $498. Roberts had hoped to break even by selling 200 Altairs. Within three months he had a backlog of 4,000 orders.
Enthusiasm for the Altair and other personal computers spawned computer hobbyist clubs, computer stores, newsletters, magazines, and conventions. By 1977, a host of companies, large and small, were producing microcomputers for a mass market. This phenomenon was abetted by a design decision to make the Altair an "open" machine. In other words, it passed data along a channel called a bus, whose specifications were not kept a secret. That way both MITS and other companies could add memory cards, cards to control a printer or other devices as long as they adhered to the published standards.
This particular Altair was collected by the Smithsonian because it documents how hobbyists would outfit the machine with additional parts and components. The user added his own keyboard, monitor, disk drive, and 17 plug-in boards to expand the computer’s capability. Unfortunately, the original owner of the kit is unknown. The computer was donated to the Smithsonian by a second owner, Mark Sienkiewicz, who purchased it as a collectable item and never used it.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1975
maker
Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems
ID Number
2007.0032.05.01
catalog number
2007.0032.05.01
accession number
2007.0032
Kaypro was a manufacturer of portable microcomputers running the CP/M operating system. Its first commercial model, Kaypro II, was launched in 1982. The Kaypro IV was introduced in 1983.
Description
Kaypro was a manufacturer of portable microcomputers running the CP/M operating system. Its first commercial model, Kaypro II, was launched in 1982. The Kaypro IV was introduced in 1983. Surprisingly, it is not the same as the Kaypro 4, which was released in 1984.
The Kaypro IV was basically a Kaypro II with added Double Sided/Double Density Drives. It had a Z80 microprocessor that ran at 2.5 MHz. The memory included 64 KB of RAM and 2 KB of ROM. Kaypro IV had a 9" monochrome monitor and a built-in speaker. The operating system was CP/M 2.2. The Kaypro IV included the word processor Wordstar, which was included in the Perfect Software Suite.
The introduction of the IBM PC in 1981 led to the rapid growth in popularity of the MS-DOS operating system for personal computers. Software developers migrated to writing for MS-DOS instead of CP/M. Kaypro was slow to make the transition in their machines, and the company never gained the kind of prominence in the MS-DOS arena that it had enjoyed with CP/M. A prime competitor for the MS-DOS portable market was Compaq, which sold an "all in one" computer that was similar to its own CP/M portable. In March 1990 Kaypro filed for bankruptcy.
This Kaypro IV was purchased with funds from a research grant obtained by Robert M. Smith, of the Department of Space History of the National Air and Space Museum. Smith's book, The Space Telescope, was written in part on this computer. The object was received as a transfer from the Natonal Air and Space Museum.
Location
Currently not on view
Date made
1983
maker
Kaypro Corporation
ID Number
1992.0522.01
catalog number
1992.0522.01
accession number
1992.0522
This collection of parts of the Altair 680 micrcomputer includes:.02 - the main circuit board.02.1 - resisistors and diodes for main board assembly (Bag 2).02.2 - twelve integrated circuits for main board assembly (Bag 3).02.3 - resisistors and wire for main board assembly (Bag 4
Description
This collection of parts of the Altair 680 micrcomputer includes:
.02 - the main circuit board
.02.1 - resisistors and diodes for main board assembly (Bag 2)
.02.2 - twelve integrated circuits for main board assembly (Bag 3)
.02.3 - resisistors and wire for main board assembly (Bag 4)
.02.4 - crystals and diodes for main board assembly (Bag 5)
.02.5 - transistors, heat sinks. screws, etc. for main board assembly (Bag 6)
.02.6 - capacitors for main board assembly (Bag 7)
.02.7 - capacitors for main board assembly (Bag 8)
.02.8 - pin sockets, screws, rubber feet for main board assembly (Bag 9)
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1976
maker
Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems
ID Number
1990.0653.02
catalog number
1990.0653.02
accession number
1990.0653
This software was developed by Roy Soltoff and published by Misosys of Virginia. DSMBLR III (disk disassembler) was most likely for the TRS-80.
Description
This software was developed by Roy Soltoff and published by Misosys of Virginia. DSMBLR III (disk disassembler) was most likely for the TRS-80. The package included a 5.25" floppy disk and registration card.
References:
An interview with Roy Soltoff conducted by Smithsonian curator Dr. Jon Eklund, is in the NMAH Archives Center.
http://www.tim-mann.org/misosys.html
[Last accessed 6/12/2019]
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1982
ID Number
2012.3098.038
serial number
530507
catalog number
2012.3098.038
nonaccession number
2012.3098
Northstar developed from a computer store called "The Original Kentucky Fried Computer." It changed its name due to impending litigation by Kentucky Fried Chicken. The company's first product was a Floating Point Math Board for S-100 computers.
Description
Northstar developed from a computer store called "The Original Kentucky Fried Computer." It changed its name due to impending litigation by Kentucky Fried Chicken. The company's first product was a Floating Point Math Board for S-100 computers. They then developed an inexpensive floppy drive system. This led the way to the Horizon, one of the first computers with built in floppy drives.
Announced in November 1977, the Horizon was sold in a wooden cabinet, as opposed to the more usual metal or plastic. The initial price was $1,899 assembled and $1,599 unassembled. The Horizon ran on a Z-80 microprocessor that ran at 4 MHz. It contained 16 KB of RAM, which could be expanded to 64 KB and 1 KB of ROM. The operating system was both CP/M and Northstar DOS. The machine was among the first to offer floppy drives, and customers could order one or two 90 KB 5 ¼" drives. Northstar was also one of the first machines to offer a hard disk drive. This was called an HD-18, and had 18 megabytes on an 18" platter. The Northstar Horizon was suited for business, education, and software development applications.
This particular machine was donated to the Smithsonian by Peter A. McWilliams. He used it in writing The Word Processing Book: A Short Course in Computer Literacy (1982). When it sold well, McWilliams wrote The Personal Computer Book, (1983), which became a runaway bestseller. This was his first computer.
Location
Currently not on view
Date made
1977
maker
Northstar
ID Number
1989.0354.01
catalog number
1989.0354.01
accession number
1989.0354
This circular button has white text on a red background that reads: You ought to be in pixels Computerworld.Currently not on view
Description
This circular button has white text on a red background that reads: You ought to be in pixels Computerworld.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
c 1989?
ID Number
2009.3071.537
catalog number
2009.3071.537
nonaccession number
2009.3071

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