Computers & Business Machines

Imagine the loss, 100 years from now, if museums hadn't begun preserving the artifacts of the computer age. The last few decades offer proof positive of why museums must collect continuously—to document technological and social transformations already underway.

The museum's collections contain mainframes, minicomputers, microcomputers, and handheld devices. Computers range from the pioneering ENIAC to microcomputers like the Altair and the Apple I. A Cray2 supercomputer is part of the collections, along with one of the towers of IBM's Deep Blue, the computer that defeated reigning champion Garry Kasparov in a chess match in 1997. Computer components and peripherals, games, software, manuals, and other documents are part of the collections. Some of the instruments of business include adding machines, calculators, typewriters, dictating machines, fax machines, cash registers, and photocopiers

This collection of parts for the unassembled Altair 680 includes:.03 - display board.03.1 - twelve integrated circuits for display board assembly (Bag 1).03.2 - light emitting diodes for display board assembly (Bag 2).03.3 - capacitors for display board assembly (Bag 3).03.4 - di
Description
This collection of parts for the unassembled Altair 680 includes:
.03 - display board
.03.1 - twelve integrated circuits for display board assembly (Bag 1)
.03.2 - light emitting diodes for display board assembly (Bag 2)
.03.3 - capacitors for display board assembly (Bag 3)
.03.4 - diodes for display board assembly (Bag 4)
.03.5 - resistors and diodes for display board assembly (Bag 5)
.03.6 - switches for display board assembly (Bag 6)
.03.7- 100-pin connector, for display board assembly
For an assembled example of the computer, see 1991.0891.03
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1976
maker
Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems
ID Number
1990.0653.03
catalog number
1990.0653.03
accession number
1990.0653
This square button has black text on an orange background that reads: SGML AT WORK. It has a black ArborText logo. A mark on the reverse reads: NetWorld 2/92.Currently not on view
Description
This square button has black text on an orange background that reads: SGML AT WORK. It has a black ArborText logo. A mark on the reverse reads: NetWorld 2/92.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
c 1992
ID Number
2009.3071.189
catalog number
2009.3071.189
nonaccession number
2009.3071
In the early 1970s, most personal computers came as hobbyist kits requiring a high level of technical expertise to assemble.
Description
In the early 1970s, most personal computers came as hobbyist kits requiring a high level of technical expertise to assemble. Don French, a buyer for the consumer electronics chain Tandy Radio Shack (TRS), believed that Radio Shack should offer an assembled personal computer and hired engineer Steve Leininger to design it. In the summer of 1977, Radio Shack introduced the TRS-80 for $599. This offering included a BASIC language interpreter, four kilobytes of RAM, a Zilog Z80 processor at 1.77 megahertz, a twelve-inch video monitor, a cassette recorder, a power supply, and a cassette tape containing the games Blackjack and Backgammon. While some Tandy executives were skeptical about the success of the PC market, the availability of the TRS-80 on five thousand Radio Shack store shelves helped the Model 1 sell over one hundred thousand units during its first year, half of total PCs sales in 1978.
The TRS-80 had its microprocessor inside its keyboard. While you could purchase just the TRS-80 for $400, most opted for the package that included the twelve-inch monitor and cassette recorder for $600. This example of the object includes the TRS-80 Expansion Interface for $299 (the monitor sits on it) that gave the machine an extra thirty-two kilobytes of memory. Also part of the system are two Mini-Disk drives that sold for $499 and a suitcase for carrying all this around.
One also could purchase such accessories as a TRS-80 Telephone Interface II for $199 that allowed for network communication and printer for $399. Examples of these are in the Smithsonian collections, although they were not received with this specific microcomputer.
This TRS-80 was used by donor Kenneth S. Wiedlitz of Los Angeles, along with the remaining materials in the accession.
References:
Radio Shack, A Tandy Company, 1978 Catalog No. 289, page 166, accessed September 1, 2014, http://www.radioshackcatalogs.com/catalogs/1978
Radio Shack, A Tandy Company, 1979 Catalog No. 302, pages 79–82, accessed September 1, 2014, http://www.radioshackcatalogs.com/catalogs/1979
“BYTE News,” BYTE, May 1979, 117.
Peggy A. Kidwell and Paul E. Ceruzzi, Landmarks in Digital Computing (Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1994), 96–99.
date made
1977-1981
maker
Tandy Corporation
ID Number
1983.0169.01
catalog number
1983.0169.01
accession number
1983.0169
This is the transformer for the unassembled Altair 680 microcomputer.Currently not on view
Description
This is the transformer for the unassembled Altair 680 microcomputer.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1976
maker
Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems
ID Number
1990.0653.06
catalog number
1990.0653.06
accession number
1990.0653
This is the power cord for the unassembled Altair 680 microcomputer.Currently not on view
Description
This is the power cord for the unassembled Altair 680 microcomputer.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1976
maker
Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems
ID Number
1990.0653.05
catalog number
1990.0653.05
accession number
1990.0653
This is the 680 IC socket kit for the unassembled Altair 680 microcomputer.Currently not on view
Description
This is the 680 IC socket kit for the unassembled Altair 680 microcomputer.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1976
maker
Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems
ID Number
1990.0653.04
catalog number
1990.0653.04
accession number
1990.0653
When the TI-99/4A was introduced in 1981, Texas Instruments claimed it was both "a major breakthrough in computer technology," and, probably more important, the "lowest priced, 16-bit computer available." It cost only $525.
Description
When the TI-99/4A was introduced in 1981, Texas Instruments claimed it was both "a major breakthrough in computer technology," and, probably more important, the "lowest priced, 16-bit computer available." It cost only $525. The TI 99/4a was a redesign of the TI-99/4 system, which had been a market failure and was discontinued. The new machine sold well, but by August 1982, TI was falling behind its competitors, especially Commodore. So it began offering a $100 rebate on the TI-99/4a. It quickly became the best-selling home computer in America, controlling, by the end of 1982, approximately 35% of the market--150,000 machines a month.
In February 1983, TI cut the price to $150, and then in June 1983, it offered a plastic version of the TI-99/4a for less than $100. But now it had gone too far. It was selling computers for less than cost, resulting in a second quarter loss of $100 million.
The TI-99/4a operated on a TI TMS99000 at 3 MHz and included 16 KB of RAM and 26 KB of ROM. The computer included a RS-232 interface card and a 32K memory expansion card as well as a Data Storage cassette. Texas Instruments controlled the development of software for the machine and offered only around 300 titles. These did not include many of the most popular programs of the time.
Initially, the only way to expand the machine was to use a port on the right side of the console. Peripherals could extend out several feet. To remedy the situation TI released a more convenient Peripheral Expansion Box (PEB) and, surprisingly, sold 250,000 units at $1,475.00 each--far more than the cost of the computer.
Eventually Texas Instruments sold over 2.5 million units of the TI-99/4A. However the company decided that computers were not a promising business and dropped out of the PC market in 1984.
This example of the TI 99/4A was acquired by the donors in 1982. For related objects, see the rest of accession 1990.0494 as well as acquisition 1990.3142.
Location
Currently not on view
Date made
1981-1984
date made
1982
maker
Texas Instruments
ID Number
1990.0494.01
catalog number
1990.0494.01
accession number
1990.0494
This programmable scientific calculator, introduced in 1977, is more powerful than the TI 57 and less so than the TI 59, which were introduced at the same time.
Description
This programmable scientific calculator, introduced in 1977, is more powerful than the TI 57 and less so than the TI 59, which were introduced at the same time. It has a black plastic case and an array of forty-five rectangular plastic keys, most of which can assume a dual function. The calculator could be operated manually by pressing keys. It could run a variety of preprogrammed routines from a module inserted in a compartment in the back of the case. Programs could also be entered using a set of keys and stored in one of ten locations (denoted by the letters A through E and A’ through E’). Fuller instructions for programming are given in a detailed manual that accompanied the calculator (for an example, see 1990.3166.01).
A mark below the keyboard reads: TI Programmable 58 (/) Solid State Software. Behind the keyboard is a silver-colored space to hold labels relating to programs on a programming module. Behind this is a ten-digit display (it may also show five digits and a two-digit positive or negative exponent). An on/off key is at the back and a jack for a power supply is on the right side.
A mark on the back of the calculator reads: TEXAS INSTRUMENTS (/) electronic calculator (/) SERIAL NO. (/) 0095974 1378ACH (/) ASSEMBLED IN HOLLAND. Below this is a compartment for a battery pack. The lid is labeled: TEXAS INSTRUMENTS (/) BATTERY PACK BP-1A. Below this is a compartment for a program module. The module inside is labeled: MASTER (/) LIBRARY (/) MODULE (/) -1-.
The calculator has a black zippered case with a belt loop.
Compare 1987.0435.04 and 2007.0179.01. (both examples of the TI Programmable 58C).
References:
“Power of Its Pocket Calculators Increased by Texas Instruments,” New York Times, May 25, 1977, p. 89. Suggested list price of new Programmable 58 to be $124.95.
[Advertisement], Los Angeles Times, December 10, 1977, p. E3. Programmable 58 in stock, holiday sale price $99.95.
Eli Maor, “A Summer Course with the TI57 Programmable Calculator,” Mathematics Teacher, 73 #2 (February 1980), pp. 99-106. Describes two experimental summer courses, one for students eight to eleven years old and the other for students twelve to fifteen, that used TI Programmable 58 calculators.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1978
maker
Texas Instruments
ID Number
1987.0435.03
accession number
1987.0435
catalog number
1987.0435.03
This square button, designed to look like a 3 ½” floppy diskette, has a red background with white text that reads: "Spectrum, The Better Diskette" / Memory Media Products / Tustin, California / U.S.
Description
This square button, designed to look like a 3 ½” floppy diskette, has a red background with white text that reads: "Spectrum, The Better Diskette" / Memory Media Products / Tustin, California / U.S. 1-800-228-0438 / CA 1-800-228-9699 / EUROPE +41 22 734 73 59 / Spectrum diskettes are / made in the U.S.A.”
Location
Currently not on view
date made
c. 1989
ID Number
2009.3071.554
catalog number
2009.3071.554
nonaccession number
2009.3071
These oddly cut index cards are actually programs for the very first video games.These program cards were used with the “Brown Box,” prototype for the first multiplayer, multiprogram video game system.
Description
These oddly cut index cards are actually programs for the very first video games.
These program cards were used with the “Brown Box,” prototype for the first multiplayer, multiprogram video game system. Users of the "Brown Box" could play a variety of games by flipping the switches along the front of the unit. The games included ping-pong, checkers, four different sports games, target shooting with the use of a lightgun and a golf putting game which required the use of a special attachment.
To play these games, the user placed one of these program cards between the two sets of switches on the "Brown Box" (as you can see in the picture). The dots on the card indicated in which position the switches should be set. Magnavox licensed the "Brown Box" and released the system as the Magnavox Odyssey in 1972, with the switch system replaced by a plug-in game slot and plastic program cards.
Location
Currently not on view
Date made
1967
patent holder
Baer, Ralph H.
inventor
Baer, Ralph H.
ID Number
2006.0102.05
catalog number
2006.0102.05
accession number
2006.0102
Currently not on view
Location
Currently not on view
date made
ca 1980s
user
Page, Brian R.
ID Number
2014.3099.03
catalog number
2014.3099.03
nonaccession number
2014.3099
The Tandy/Radio Shack TRS-80 Model 100 was one of the precursors to the modern laptop.
Description
The Tandy/Radio Shack TRS-80 Model 100 was one of the precursors to the modern laptop. The functions were fairly limited but the size and battery power were well recieved.
This computer was actually made by Kyocera, now a brand name recognized worldwide as a manufacturer of popular cell phone and PDA hybrids.
This example of the computer was used by Paul E. Ceruzzi when he was a curator at the Smithsonian's National Museum of American History.
In addition to the computer itself, this index number covers a plastic carrying case for it.
date made
ca 1983
user
Ceruzzi, Paul
maker
Tandy Corporation
ID Number
1995.0176.01
accession number
1995.0176
catalog number
1995.0176.01
This machine paved the way for the video games of today.In 1967, Ralph Baer and his colleagues at Sanders Associates, Inc. developed a prototype for the first multiplayer, multiprogram video game system.
Description
This machine paved the way for the video games of today.
In 1967, Ralph Baer and his colleagues at Sanders Associates, Inc. developed a prototype for the first multiplayer, multiprogram video game system. Since Sanders hoped to license the technology for a commercial venture, Baer understood that the games had to be fun or investors and consumers would not be interested. In an oral history interview (copies available in the Archives Center at the National Museum of American History), Ralph Baer recalled, “The minute we played ping-pong, we knew we had a product. Before that we weren’t too sure.”
Originally called TV Game Unit #7, much like the "Pump Unit" before it, it became far better known by its nickname, “The Brown Box.” The name comes from the brown wood-grain, self-adhesive vinyl used to make the prototype look more attractive to potential investors. The "Brown Box," though only a prototype, had basic features that most video games consoles still have today: two controls and a multigame program system.
The "Brown Box" could be programmed to play a variety of games by flipping the switches along the front of the unit, as can be seen in the picture. Program cards were used to show which switches needed to be set for specific games. "Brown Box" games included ping-pong, checkers, four different sports games, target shooting with the use of a lightgun and a golf putting game, which required the use of a special attachment. Sanders licensed the "Brown Box" to Magnavox, which released the system as the Magnavox Odyssey in 1972.
Location
Currently not on view
Date made
1967-1968
patent holder
Baer, Ralph H.
inventor
Baer, Ralph H.
maker
Baer, Ralph H.
ID Number
2006.0102.04
catalog number
2006.0102.04
accession number
2006.0102
This power supply was used with the SCAMP microcomputer. It is metal with black handle. The cables are detached. On top there are two peices of black tape crossed to form an X.Currently not on view
Description
This power supply was used with the SCAMP microcomputer. It is metal with black handle. The cables are detached. On top there are two peices of black tape crossed to form an X.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
ca 1973
maker
IBM
IBM
ID Number
1988.0681.01.1
catalog number
1988.0681.01.1
accession number
1988.0681
Paper certificate issued by the Data Processing Management Association to George W. Abbott for successfully completing the requirements for the Certificate in Data Processing. The issue date is September 4, 1962. The certificate is printed on pale yellow marbled paper.
Description
Paper certificate issued by the Data Processing Management Association to George W. Abbott for successfully completing the requirements for the Certificate in Data Processing. The issue date is September 4, 1962. The certificate is printed on pale yellow marbled paper. It has a round certificate seal in the lower left corner and is mounted on heavy card stock.
This certificate was awarded to the donor, who, according to press releases issued in 1977, was the first person in the world to receive the certificate. A black and white photograph of the donor is included. An alphabetic listing (typed paper list) of all the recipients of this certificate with their certificate number is bound together in a red report folder.
The list of recipients includes the name Stanley Kovy. Mr. Kovy joined the Smithsonian staff in 1967 as the Manager of Fiscal and Business Applications before becoming Deputy Director then Director of the Information Systems Division. He is listed as receiving certificate #620052.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1962-09-04
ID Number
1977.1047.01
accession number
1977.1047
catalog number
1977.1047.01
This square button has white text on a teal background with white side borders. It reads: Microsoft OS/2 NOW.Currently not on view
Description
This square button has white text on a teal background with white side borders. It reads: Microsoft OS/2 NOW.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
c 1987
maker
IBM
ID Number
2009.3071.010
catalog number
2009.3071.010
nonaccession number
2009.3071
This example of "Tooth Invaders," a computer game on cartridge by Commodore for the VIC-20 microcomputer, is in its original box.Currently not on view
Description
This example of "Tooth Invaders," a computer game on cartridge by Commodore for the VIC-20 microcomputer, is in its original box.
Location
Currently not on view
maker
Commodore Business Machines, Inc.
ID Number
1987.0249.42
catalog number
1987.0249.42
accession number
1987.0249
This white sticker shows a black cat with a brown face standing on a blue circle. At the bottom in black text it reads "GitHub."GitHub, founded in 2008, has its headquarters in San Francisco, CA.
Description
This white sticker shows a black cat with a brown face standing on a blue circle. At the bottom in black text it reads "GitHub."
GitHub, founded in 2008, has its headquarters in San Francisco, CA. The company’s mission is to connect software developers and make it easy for them to collaborate by providing a software development platform where a user can host and review code, manage projects, and build software alongside other developers. It offers software development applications, custom tools and version control. GitHub, free for public and open source projects, offers secure private repositories with a paid plan.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
ca 2017
ID Number
2018.3049.01
nonaccession number
2018.3049
catalog number
2018.3049.01
The Amdek Video 310A twelve-inch cathode ray tube monochrome display monitor accompanied a 1985 PC’s Limited Turbo PC (2007.0042.01). Monochrome monitors only have the ability to display text in one color.
Description
The Amdek Video 310A twelve-inch cathode ray tube monochrome display monitor accompanied a 1985 PC’s Limited Turbo PC (2007.0042.01). Monochrome monitors only have the ability to display text in one color. The shade of the text depends on the type of phosphor used in the cathode ray tube. The Amdek 310A contained P3 phosphor, displaying amber characters on the screen.
Reference:
Amdek Corporation, Model 310/310A Owner’s Manual, 1984.
date made
1985
maker
Dell Inc.
ID Number
2007.0042.02
catalog number
2007.0042.02
accession number
2007.0042
These two devices have black plastic cases. Each has a rotating knob at the top, a button on the side, and a cord that protrudes from the back. The two cords come together in a 16-pin connector for the computer.
Description
These two devices have black plastic cases. Each has a rotating knob at the top, a button on the side, and a cord that protrudes from the back. The two cords come together in a 16-pin connector for the computer. The donor reported that he used the paddles with an Apple IIe computer. There is no maker's mark or logo on the cases. Dimensions depend on position of cord.
On Apple game controllers, see the web site with address: http://www.filfre.net/2011/10/20/.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
ca 1990
ID Number
2012.0120.04
catalog number
2012.0120.04
accession number
2012.0120
This is an example of the first model of a scientific calculator marketed by Texas Instruments. The handheld electronic calculator has a black and ivory-colored plastic case with an array of twenty-three plastic keys.
Description
This is an example of the first model of a scientific calculator marketed by Texas Instruments. The handheld electronic calculator has a black and ivory-colored plastic case with an array of twenty-three plastic keys. Twenty-one of these are square, the 0 and the total keys are rectangular. In addition to ten digit keys, a decimal point key, a total key, and four arithmetic function keys, the calculator has a reciprocal key, a square key, a square root key, a change sign key, an enter exponent key, a clear key, and a clear display key. Text above the keyboard, just below the display and to the left, reads: SR10. Behind the keyboard is a 12-digit LED display. Numbers larger than eight digits are displayed in scientific notation. A mark behind the display reads: TEXAS INSTRUMENTS. An on/off switch is right and slightly above this.
The back edge of the calculator has a jack for a recharger/adapter. A sticker on the back gives extensive instructions. It also gives the serial number SR10 275812.
Unscrewing screws near the top and bottom of the back reveals the workings of the calculator. It has a total of five chips. The largest of these is marked TMS 0120 NC (/) C7333. This is a TMS0120 chip, manufactured in mid-1973. Also in the case is space for three AA nickel-cadmium batteries.
The leather zippered case has both a loop and a hook for attaching the calculator to a belt. It also holds an instruction pamphlet entitled Texas Instruments electronic slide rule calculator SR-10, copyrighted 1973. A warranty registration on the inside of the back page indicates these instructions were originally sold with an SR-10 calculator with serial number 170334, purchased on September 27, 1973.
Texas Instruments described the SR-10 as an “electronic slide rule calculator,” hence the “SR” in the name. The first version of the device, introduced in 1972, did not have the mark SR-10 on the keyboard. The second version (introduced 1973) and the third (introduced 1975) did. This is an example of the first version. According to Ball & Flamm, it initially sold for $149.95.
Compare 1986.0988.351, 1986.0988.354, and 1986.0988.356.
References:
Guy Ball and Bruce Flamm, The Complete Collector’s Guide to Pocket Calculators, Tustin, CA: Wilson/Barnett, 1997, p. 153.
The online Datamath Museum includes versions of the SR-10 from 1972, 1973, and 1975.
date made
1972
Date made
1973
maker
Texas Instruments
ID Number
1986.0988.354
catalog number
1986.0988.354
accession number
1986.0988
A point and click computer game for the Macintosh based on the British television series, "Monty Python and the Flying Circus." The player has the option of trying to solve different puzzles or to play different mini games that are based on the television show.
Description
A point and click computer game for the Macintosh based on the British television series, "Monty Python and the Flying Circus." The player has the option of trying to solve different puzzles or to play different mini games that are based on the television show. It also came with screen savers, desktop wallpaper and icons. The game was designed by 7th Level, Inc. Tom Simkin purchased it from the Microcenter store for $24.99. The game won several awards including one for Best Strategy Program from the Software Publishers Association.
The box has a picture of a giant foot crushing the title. The box contains a cardboard sleve that protects the contents. The contents include a jewel case with a CD and instruction manual, warranty card, business card, product catalog for 7th Level Inc. software, a American Online advertisment, a customer service report card for Microcenter,
System requirements are as follow: Macintosh with 33 Mhz 68LC040 or greater processor, including Power Macintosh. Apple System Software 7.1 or greater, 8 MB or more of RAM with 4 MB or more of application RAM. 256-color monitor. CD-Drive.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1994-1995
ID Number
2014.3098.02
catalog number
2014.3098.02
nonaccession number
2014.3098
This handheld electronic calculator has a metal and black plastic case and an array of thirty rectangular plastic keys. These include ten digit keys, a decimal point key, a total key, four arithmetic function keys, and four memory keys.
Description
This handheld electronic calculator has a metal and black plastic case and an array of thirty rectangular plastic keys. These include ten digit keys, a decimal point key, a total key, four arithmetic function keys, and four memory keys. In addition the instrument has clear, clear entry, percentage, CS, and CA keys. Behind the keyboard is an eight-digit red LED display. A mark at the back reads: Unisonic 1541L. The on/off switch is on the right edge.
A jack for a power adapter is along the back edge. At the top of the back is a compartment for a nine-volt battery. A sticker below it reads: SERIAL NO. (/) 031491 (/) Made in Hong Kong.
According to the Vintage Calculators website, this model calculator also sold as the Prinztronic 400, the dsc CAL-0041, the Meir 880, the RJP 880, and the Texet 880 Executive.
References:
Calcuseum website gives date of 1978.
[Advertisement], , August 7, 1979, p. 41. Advertises calculator.
Website vintagecalculators.com lists related models.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
ca 1979
maker
Unisonic
ID Number
1986.0988.246
catalog number
1986.0988.246
accession number
1986.0988
This software and documentation for the TRS-80 was published by Misosys of Virginia in 1982. MSP-01 (Misosys Support Package 01), developed by Roy Soltoff and Scott A. Loomer, was a collection of four utility programs to enhance the use of LDOS.
Description
This software and documentation for the TRS-80 was published by Misosys of Virginia in 1982. MSP-01 (Misosys Support Package 01), developed by Roy Soltoff and Scott A. Loomer, was a collection of four utility programs to enhance the use of LDOS. (LDOS was an 8-bit operating system for Z80 based computers.) The utilities were DOAUTO, DOCONFIG, MEMDIR, and PARMDIR.
References:
An interview with Roy Soltoff conducted by Smithsonian curator Dr. Jon Eklund, is in the NMAH Archives Center.
http://www.tim-mann.org/misosys.html
[Last accessed 6/12/2019]
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1982
ID Number
2012.3098.039
catalog number
2012.3098.039
nonaccession number
2012.3098
serial number
230125

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