Cultures & Communities

Cleveland Many Peoples One Language Poster

Furniture, cooking wares, clothing, works of art, and many other kinds of artifacts are part of what knit people into communities and cultures. The Museum’s collections feature artifacts from European Americans, Latinos, Arab Americans, Asian Pacific Americans, African Americans, Gypsies, Jews, and Christians, both Catholics and Protestants. The objects range from ceramic face jugs made by enslaved African Americans in South Carolina to graduation robes and wedding gowns. The holdings also include artifacts associated with education, such as teaching equipment, textbooks, and two complete schoolrooms. Uniforms, insignia, and other objects represent a wide variety of civic and voluntary organizations, including youth and fraternal groups, scouting, police forces, and firefighters.

Topic: Fire Fighting

Good Will Fire Company Fire Hat

Beginning in the late 18th century, some volunteer fire fighters began to wear hats painted with their company’s name to identify themselves at chaotic fire scenes.
Description
Beginning in the late 18th century, some volunteer fire fighters began to wear hats painted with their company’s name to identify themselves at chaotic fire scenes. During the 19th century, these fire hats became more ornate, as portraits of historical figures, patriotic scenes, allegorical images, or company icons were painted alongside the company’s name, motto, or founding date. Made of pressed felt, these “stove-pipe” hats were primarily used in Philadelphia, but other nearby cities such as Baltimore and Washington adopted them as well. Fire hats were personal items with the owner’s initials often painted on the top of the hat. While these hats were worn at fires, they are more colloquially known as “parade hats.” Fire companies commonly marched in the many parades of the period and these ornate hats contributed to the visual culture of their day. These distinguishing features in a company’s regalia often proclaimed the members’ cultural and political identity as well as their position on contested topics such as work, religion and immigration.
This fire hat was used in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania during the first half of the 19th century. The hat has been painted red overall, with the text “GOOD WILL” painted in gold on the front, arched around a gold five-pointed star. The back of the hat features a painted image of an early wooden fire hydrant. The Good Will Fire Engine Company No. 20 was founded in the Northern Liberties area of Philadelphia in 1802, which at the time was a separate municipality. It acquired a steam fire engine in 1859, built by Isaac P. Morris & Co., and operated as the Good Will Steam Fire Engine Company No. 20 until 1871 when Philadelphia’s paid firefighting department was established. The steam engine was later used by Engine Company No. 17 of the paid city fire department from 1871 until 1888.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1810-1860
maker
unknown
ID Number
2005.0233.0048
catalog number
2005.0233.0048
accession number
2005.0233

Good Will Company Cape

Some early American firefighters wore capes for protection, ornamentation, and identification.
Description
Some early American firefighters wore capes for protection, ornamentation, and identification. The stiff oil cloth protected their shoulders and upper body against fiery embers and water, and the decorative painting served to identify company members at chaotic fire scenes or on parade. The capes were often painted by local sign painters, some skilled artists like John A. Woodside, who also painted the company’s hats and banners and decorated their fire engines. Many of the capes in the firefighting collection display patriotic names and symbolism, reflecting themes important to 19th century volunteers, as well as the pride they felt in the early founding date of their fire company.
This oil cloth cape has been painted red overall with the name “Good Will” written in gold, with the date “1804” below. The number “3” is painted in gold on each shoulder. This cape likely belonged to a member of the Good Will Steam Fire Engine Company No. 3 of Trenton, New Jersey. The Good Will Fire Company was originally organized in January of 1848, but after it became an auxiliary company to the Resolution Fire Company in December of that same year, it took the Resolution Company’s founding date of 1804 for its own.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
ca 1804
maker
unknown
ID Number
2005.0233.0126
catalog number
2005.0233.0126
accession number
2005.0233

Mutual Assurance Company Fire Mark

Beginning in the 1750s, some American inseurance companies issued metal fire marks to policyholders to signify that their property was insured against fire damage. The fire marks bore the name and/or symbol of the insurer, and some included the customer’s policy number.
Description (Brief)
Beginning in the 1750s, some American inseurance companies issued metal fire marks to policyholders to signify that their property was insured against fire damage. The fire marks bore the name and/or symbol of the insurer, and some included the customer’s policy number. The company or agent would then affix the mark to the policyholder’s home or business. For owners the mark served as proof of insurance and a deterrent against arson. For insurance companies the mark served as a form of advertising, and alerted volunteer firefighters that the property was insured.
The Mutual Assurance Company for Insuring Houses from Loss by Fire of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania issued this squatty cast iron flat back fire mark around 1829. This Mutual fire mark is made of cast iron, featuring a raised image of a tree in the center of an oblong oval. The Mutual was founded in 1784 by former policyholders of the Philadelphia Contributionship for the Insurance of Houses from Loss by Fire. The Philadelphia Contributionship decided that buildings with trees in front of them posed a fire hazard and would no longer be insured. Since trees were abundant in early Philadelphia, this decision created a rift in the Contributionship. The Mutual was founded to provide insurance to those members whose buildings had trees. The adoption of the “Green Tree” as the company’s fire mark was a nod to the dispute that led to the Mutual’s founding.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
ca 1829
maker
unknown
ID Number
2005.0233.0432
accession number
2005.0233
catalog number
2005.0233.0432

"Birth of Venus" Engine Panel Painting

In the nineteenth century, volunteer fire companies often commissioned paintings to decorate their hand-pumped fire engines for parades, competitions, and community events.
Description
In the nineteenth century, volunteer fire companies often commissioned paintings to decorate their hand-pumped fire engines for parades, competitions, and community events. Sometimes framed with elaborate carvings, they adorned the tall air chamber located at the middle or rear of a pumper. The paintings would often feature patriotic, heroic, or allegorical images to associate the volunteer companies with these lofty ideals.
This fire engine panel painting came from the Americus Fire Engine Company No. 6 of New York, New York. The volunteer company was organized December 11, 1848 and disbanded on September 18, 1865 when it became Engine 15 in the paid Metropolitan Fire Department of New York. John Archibald Woodside Sr. painted The Birth of Venus around 1849. The painting depicts Venus arising from the waves, an image common among neoclassical paintings. Such neoclassical themes on panel paintings linked the new nation to the ancient ideals of liberty, democracy and prosperity. The use of neoclassical images also allowed artists to paint an idealized nude female form that would make their beloved engine especially eye-catching during parades. This painting and its companion (2005.0233.0303) adorned the company’s 1842 John Agnew hand-pumped engine.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1849
maker
Woodside, John Archibald
ID Number
2005.0233.0304
accession number
2005.0233
catalog number
2005.0233.0304

Lexington Fire, Life and Marine Insurance Company Fire Mark

Beginning in the 1750s, some American insurance companies issued metal fire marks to policyholders to signify that their property was insured against fire damage. The fire marks bore the name and/or symbol of the insurer, and some included the customer’s policy number.
Description (Brief)
Beginning in the 1750s, some American insurance companies issued metal fire marks to policyholders to signify that their property was insured against fire damage. The fire marks bore the name and/or symbol of the insurer, and some included the customer’s policy number. The company or agent would then affix the mark to the policyholder’s home or business. For owners the mark served as proof of insurance and a deterrent against arson. For insurance companies the mark served as a form of advertising, and alerted volunteer firefighters that the property was insured.
The Lexington Fire, Life and Marine Insurance Company issued cast iron fire mark around 1845. The oval mark has a beaded rim with an indented image of a spread-winged eagle, with indented text that reads “INSURED/L.F.I.” The Lexington Fire, Life and Marine Insurance Company operated from 1836 until around 1872.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
ca 1845
maker
unknown
ID Number
2005.0233.0556
accession number
2005.0233
catalog number
2005.0233.0556

Fire Engine Plate, "Phoenix"

At the core of any fire company is the apparatus used to fight fires and protect lives. This was particularly true of for the volunteer fire fighters in 19th century America.
Description (Brief)
At the core of any fire company is the apparatus used to fight fires and protect lives. This was particularly true of for the volunteer fire fighters in 19th century America. Often purchased with their own funds, their fire engines were the focus of their pride and affection, as well as their identities as fire fighters. Engine plates, often made of brass, would be prominently affixed to engines and inscribed with the company name, number, and founding date. Engine plates could pass from old engine to new, or be kept in the firehouse as a memorial to a departed apparatus.
This metal plate was used by the Phoenix Fire Company of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania during the early 19th century. The Phoenix Fire Company was located on St. James Street in Philadelphia and operated from 1808 until 1821. The arched metal plate is engraved and filled with black enamel with the word “PHŒNIX” written in a shadowed font. Stylized sun designs surround the holes at either end of the plate.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
19th century
maker
unknown
ID Number
2005.0233.0941
accession number
2005.0233
catalog number
2005.0233.0941

Fairmount Fire Company Fire Hat

Beginning in the late 18th century, some volunteer fire fighters began to wear hats painted with their company’s name to identify themselves at chaotic fire scenes.
Description
Beginning in the late 18th century, some volunteer fire fighters began to wear hats painted with their company’s name to identify themselves at chaotic fire scenes. During the 19th century, these fire hats became more ornate, as portraits of historical figures, patriotic scenes, allegorical images, or company icons were painted alongside the company’s name, motto, or founding date. Made of pressed felt, these “stove-pipe” hats were primarily used in Philadelphia, but other nearby cities such as Baltimore and Washington adopted them as well. Fire hats were personal items with the owner’s initials often painted on the top of the hat. While these hats were worn at fires, they are more colloquially known as “parade hats.” Fire companies commonly marched in the many parades of the period and these ornate hats contributed to the visual culture of their day. These distinguishing features in a company’s regalia often proclaimed the members’ cultural and political identity as well as their position on contested topics such as work, religion and immigration.
This fire hat was used in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania during the first half of the 19th century. The hat is painted red overall, with a central image of a fountain with a statue of a woman and long-necked bird in an oval frame flanked by aqua-colored banners with the gold text “Fair Mount.” William Rush created this statue “Nymph and Bittern” to commemorate the completion of the Centre Square Water Works, providing Philadelphia with public water that was a boon to the city’s fire fighters. The back of the hat features an image of a yellow fire hydrant on a brown background inside a golden oval, flanked by the letters “FA” in gold. This was the logo of the Fire Association of Philadelphia, an insurance company founded by a group of eleven volunteer engine companies and five volunteer hose companies in 1817, of which Fairmount was a member. The Fairmount Fire Engine Company No. 32 was founded in 1823 and operated in the Spring Garden area of Philadelphia. Originally organized as a hand engine company, the company acquired a steam fire engine in 1860 and operated as a steam fire engine company until 1871 when Philadelphia’s paid firefighting department was established.
Location
Currently not on view
Currently not on view (labels)
date made
1820-1860
maker
Shotwell & Garden
original artist
Rush, William
ID Number
2005.0233.0036
catalog number
2005.0233.0036
accession number
2005.0233

Friendship Company Cape

Some early American firefighters wore capes for protection, ornamentation, and identification.
Description
Some early American firefighters wore capes for protection, ornamentation, and identification. The stiff oil cloth protected their shoulders and upper body against fiery embers and water, and the decorative painting served to identify company members at chaotic fire scenes or on parade. The capes were often painted by local sign painters, some skilled artists like John A. Woodside, who also painted the company’s hats and banners and decorated their fire engines. Many of the capes in the firefighting collection display patriotic names and symbolism, reflecting themes important to 19th century volunteers, as well as the pride they felt in the early founding date of their fire company.
This oil cloth cape is painted red overall with a gold trim. A black banner in the center of the cape reads “FRIENDSHIP” in gold text with the date “1775” in gold below, and the letter “F” in gold on each end. The cape likely belonged to a member of the Friendship Fire Company of Wilmington, Delaware, which was founded in December of 1775. In addition to patriotic ideals, early fire companies also lauded altruistic social values, with names like “Good Will,” “Hope,” and “Harmony.”
Location
Currently not on view
date made
ca 1840
maker
unknown
ID Number
2005.0233.0125
accession number
2005.0233
catalog number
2005.0233.0125

"Battle of Lexington, 19th April, 1775" Engine Panel Painting

In the nineteenth century, volunteer fire companies often commissioned paintings to decorate their hand-pumped fire engines for parades, competitions, and community events.
Description
In the nineteenth century, volunteer fire companies often commissioned paintings to decorate their hand-pumped fire engines for parades, competitions, and community events. Sometimes framed with elaborate carvings, they adorned the tall air chamber located at the middle or rear of a pumper. The paintings would often feature patriotic, heroic, or allegorical images to associate the volunteer companies with these lofty ideals.
This engine panel painting came from the Lexington Fire Engine Company No. 7 of New York City. The volunteer company was active from December 26, 1849 until September 18, 1865. The painting was signed by artist M. Betsch, and was completed around 1849. The painting is the artist’s interpretation of the skirmish between the American militia and British troops on April 19, 1775 on the Lexington Green. This military engagement is characterized as the first battle of the Revolutionary War. The Lexington Fire Company used this painting to link their company to the patriotic deeds of their predecessors. This painting and its companion piece (object 2005.0233.0301) would have adorned the sides of the company’s engine.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
ca 1849
maker
Betsch, M.
ID Number
2005.0233.0302
accession number
2005.0233
catalog number
2005.0233.0302

Associated Firemen's Insurance Company Fire Mark

Beginning in the 1750s, some American insurance companies issued metal fire marks to policyholders to signify that their property was insured against fire damage. The fire marks bore the name and/or symbol of the insurer, and some included the customer’s policy number.
Description (Brief)
Beginning in the 1750s, some American insurance companies issued metal fire marks to policyholders to signify that their property was insured against fire damage. The fire marks bore the name and/or symbol of the insurer, and some included the customer’s policy number. The company or agent would then affix the mark to the policyholder’s home or business. For owners the mark served as proof of insurance and a deterrent against arson. For insurance companies the mark served as a form of advertising, and alerted volunteer firefighters that the property was insured.
The Associated Firemen’s Insurance Company of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania issued this fire mark in 1851. The mark is a cut-out image of a fireman wearing a hat and cape. The fireman is next to a fire hydrant, using a speaking trumpet, with a wrench in his hand to open the hydrant. The fireman is standing on a crescent shaped base that has raised text that reads “FIRE COMPANY.” The mark is painted reddish-brown. The Associated Firemen’s Insurance Company operated from 1850 to around 1857.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1851
maker
unknown
ID Number
2005.0233.0501
accession number
2005.0233
catalog number
2005.0233.0501

Philadelphia Contributionship Fire Mark

Beginning in the 1750s, some American insurance companies issued metal fire marks to policyholders to signify that their property was insured against fire damage. The fire marks bore the name and/or symbol of the insurer, and some included the customer’s policy number.
Description (Brief)
Beginning in the 1750s, some American insurance companies issued metal fire marks to policyholders to signify that their property was insured against fire damage. The fire marks bore the name and/or symbol of the insurer, and some included the customer’s policy number. The company or agent would then affix the mark to the policyholder’s home or business. For owners the mark served as proof of insurance and a deterrent against arson. For insurance companies the mark served as a form of advertising, and alerted volunteer firefighters that the property was insured.
The Philadelphia Contributionship for the Insurance of Houses from Loss by Fire issued this fire mark around 1847-1848. The fire mark consists of the company’s symbol cast in lead showing four hands clasped at the wrist attached to a shield-shaped wooden backing. The Philadelphia Contributionship was established in 1752, becoming the first successful fire insurance company in America. Benjamin Franklin was one of its founding members. The Contributionship began as a mutual insurance company and this concept is represented by its “Hand in Hand” fire mark. The Philadelphia Contributionship is still in operation.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1847-1848
maker
unknown
ID Number
2005.0233.0378
accession number
2005.0233
catalog number
2005.0233.0378

Baltimore Equitable Society Fire Mark

Beginning in the 1750s, some American insurance companies issued metal fire marks to policyholders to signify that their property was insured against fire damage. The fire marks bore the name and/or symbol of the insurer, and some included the customer’s policy number.
Description (Brief)
Beginning in the 1750s, some American insurance companies issued metal fire marks to policyholders to signify that their property was insured against fire damage. The fire marks bore the name and/or symbol of the insurer, and some included the customer’s policy number. The company or agent would then affix the mark to the policyholder’s home or business. For owners the mark served as proof of insurance and a deterrent against arson. For insurance companies the mark served as a form of advertising, and alerted volunteer firefighters that the property was insured.
The Baltimore Equitable Society of Baltimore, Maryland issued this fire mark to Joseph Cobby, S. Liberty Street, Baltimore, Maryland, on March 16, 1840. The cast iron mark features a raised image of two clasped hands with linked chain cuffs on a square background. The mark has remnants of red paint on it, with the policy number “16675” painted in gold at the bottom. The Baltimore Equitable Society was founded in 1794 and is still in operation today. The “Sign of the Clasped Hands” fire mark is still available from the Baltimore Equitable Society, and comes in cast aluminum that is painted black overall, with hands and numbering in gold.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1840
maker
unknown
ID Number
2005.0233.0575
accession number
2005.0233
catalog number
2005.0233.0575

Good Will Fire Company Fire Hat

Beginning in the late 18th century, some volunteer fire fighters began to wear hats painted with their company’s name to identify themselves at chaotic fire scenes.
Description
Beginning in the late 18th century, some volunteer fire fighters began to wear hats painted with their company’s name to identify themselves at chaotic fire scenes. During the 19th century, these fire hats became more ornate, as portraits of historical figures, patriotic scenes, allegorical images, or company icons were painted alongside the company’s name, motto, or founding date. Made of pressed felt, these “stove-pipe” hats were primarily used in Philadelphia, but other nearby cities such as Baltimore and Washington adopted them as well. Fire hats were personal items with the owner’s initials often painted on the top of the hat. While these hats were worn at fires, they are more colloquially known as “parade hats.” Fire companies commonly marched in the many parades of the period and these ornate hats contributed to the visual culture of their day. These distinguishing features in a company’s regalia often proclaimed the members’ cultural and political identity as well as their position on contested topics such as work, religion and immigration.
This fire hat was used in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania during the first half of the 19th century. This black hat has been painted black overall, with the text “GOOD WILL/1802” painted in gold on the front of the hat. The back of the hat has the company’s initials “G.W.” painted in gold, and the owner’s initials “G.B.” on the top. The Good Will Fire Engine Company No. 20 was founded in the Northern Liberties area of Philadelphia in 1802, which at the time was a separate municipality. It acquired an Isaac P. Morris & Co. steam fire engine in 1859 and operated as the Good Will Steam Fire Engine Company No. 20 until 1871 when Philadelphia’s paid firefighting department was established. The steam engine was later used by the Engine Company No. 17 of the paid city fire department from 1871 until 1888.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1810-1860
maker
unknown
ID Number
2005.0233.0049
catalog number
2005.0233.0049
accession number
2005.0233

Fire Engine Plate, "Northern Liberty No. 1"

At the core of any fire company is the apparatus used to fight fires and protect lives. This was particularly true of for the volunteer fire fighters in 19th century America.
Description (Brief)
At the core of any fire company is the apparatus used to fight fires and protect lives. This was particularly true of for the volunteer fire fighters in 19th century America. Often purchased with their own funds, their fire engines were the focus of their pride and affection, as well as their identities as fire fighters. Engine plates, often made of brass, would be prominently affixed to engines and inscribed with the company name, number, and founding date. Engine plates could pass from old engine to new, or be kept in the firehouse as a memorial to a departed apparatus.
This shield-shaped brass engine plate was used by the Northern Liberty Fire Company No. 1 of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania that was founded in 1756 and operated until 1871 when Philadelphia’s paid firefighting department was established. The number “1” refers to the fact that it was the first engine company organized in the incorporated district of Northern Liberties, which was consolidated into Philadelphia in 1854. The plate is mounted onto a larger wooden shield. Engraved on the shield is “NORTHERN LIBERTY / No 1 / FIRE Co.” There is a hole at the top of the shield for mounting.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1756
maker
unknown
ID Number
2005.0233.0937
accession number
2005.0233
catalog number
2005.0233.0937

Monroe Fire Company Fire Hat

This fire hat was used in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania during the first half of the 19th century. The hat is painted red overall, with a large illustration of a rising golden sun on the front of the hat.
Description
This fire hat was used in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania during the first half of the 19th century. The hat is painted red overall, with a large illustration of a rising golden sun on the front of the hat. There is a black banner on the front with large golden letters that read “MONROE.” The back of the hat has the date “1823” painted in gold on the back of the hat between two patterned lines. The Monroe Fire Engine Company was established in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on March 8th, 1823, and likely named after President James Monroe, who was in office at the time of its founding. The Monroe operated as a hand engine company until the company acquired a steam fire engine in 1863. It served as a steam fire engine company until 1871 when Philadelphia’s paid firefighting department was established.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1823-1860
associated
Monroe Fire Company
maker
unknown
ID Number
2005.0233.0068
catalog number
2005.0233.0068
accession number
2005.0233

Hope Mutual Fire Insurance Company Fire Mark

Beginning in the 1750s, some American insurance companies issued metal fire marks to policyholders to signify that their property was insured against fire damage. The fire marks bore the name and/or symbol of the insurer, and some included the customer’s policy number.
Description (Brief)
Beginning in the 1750s, some American insurance companies issued metal fire marks to policyholders to signify that their property was insured against fire damage. The fire marks bore the name and/or symbol of the insurer, and some included the customer’s policy number. The company or agent would then affix the mark to the policyholder’s home or business. For owners the mark served as proof of insurance and a deterrent against arson. For insurance companies the mark served as a form of advertising, and alerted volunteer firefighters that the property was insured.
The Hope Mutual Fire Insurance Company of St. Louis was active from 1857 until 1901, when it was purchased by the National Fire Insurance Company of Hartford, Connecticut. The shield-shaped fire mark is made of zinc, with an anchor in its center, a traditional symbol for hope. The mark has a raised rim and raised lettering that reads “HOPE/MUTUAL /ST. LOUIS.”
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1858
maker
unknown
ID Number
2005.0233.0511
accession number
2005.0233
catalog number
2005.0233.0511

Philadelphia Contributionship Fire Mark

Beginning in the 1750s, some American insurance companies issued metal fire marks to policyholders to signify that their property was insured against fire damage. The fire marks bore the name and/or symbol of the insurer, and some included the customer’s policy number.
Description (Brief)
Beginning in the 1750s, some American insurance companies issued metal fire marks to policyholders to signify that their property was insured against fire damage. The fire marks bore the name and/or symbol of the insurer, and some included the customer’s policy number. The company or agent would then affix the mark to the policyholder’s home or business. For owners the mark served as proof of insurance and a deterrent against arson. For insurance companies the mark served as a form of advertising, and alerted volunteer firefighters that the property was insured.
The Philadelphia Contributionship for the Insurance of Houses from Loss by Fire issued this fire mark around 1820. The fire mark consists of the company’s symbol cast in lead showing four hands clasped at the wrist attached to a shield-shaped wooden backing. The Philadelphia Contributionship was established in 1752, becoming the first successful fire insurance company in America. Benjamin Franklin was one of its founding members. The Contributionship began as a mutual insurance company and this concept is represented by its “Hand in Hand” fire mark. The Philadelphia Contributionship is still in operation.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
ca 1820
maker
unknown
ID Number
2005.0233.0376
accession number
2005.0233
catalog number
2005.0233.0376

Firemen's Insurance Company Fire Mark

Beginning in the 1750s, some American insurance companies issued metal fire marks to policyholders to signify that their property was insured against fire damage. The fire marks bore the name and/or symbol of the insurer, and some included the customer’s policy number.
Description (Brief)
Beginning in the 1750s, some American insurance companies issued metal fire marks to policyholders to signify that their property was insured against fire damage. The fire marks bore the name and/or symbol of the insurer, and some included the customer’s policy number. The company or agent would then affix the mark to the policyholder’s home or business. For owners the mark served as proof of insurance and a deterrent against arson. For insurance companies the mark served as a form of advertising, and alerted volunteer firefighters that the property was insured.
The Firemen's Insurance Company of Baltimore, Maryland issued this fire mark in 1835. The circular cast iron mark has a raised image of a Philadelphia-style double-deck end stroke engine in the center, with a raised text below that reads “F.I. CO.” The Firemen's Insurance Company was founded in 1825, but folded in 1904 due to the losses suffered in the Great Fire of Baltimore.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1835
maker
unknown
ID Number
2005.0233.0488
accession number
2005.0233
catalog number
2005.0233.0488

Firemen's Insurance Company Fire Mark

Beginning in the 1750s, some American insurance companies issued metal fire marks to policyholders to signify that their property was insured against fire damage. The fire marks bore the name and/or symbol of the insurer, and some included the customer’s policy number.
Description (Brief)
Beginning in the 1750s, some American insurance companies issued metal fire marks to policyholders to signify that their property was insured against fire damage. The fire marks bore the name and/or symbol of the insurer, and some included the customer’s policy number. The company or agent would then affix the mark to the policyholder’s home or business. For owners the mark served as proof of insurance and a deterrent against arson. For insurance companies the mark served as a form of advertising, and alerted volunteer firefighters that the property was insured.
The Firemen's Insurance Company of Washington and Georgetown issued this fire mark in 1838. The circular cast iron mark has a raised image of a Philadelphia-style double-deck end stroke engine in the center, with a raised text above that reads “Firemen’s/I. Co.” The Firemen's Insurance Company was founded in 1837 in Washington, DC and is presently still in operation under the name Firemen’s Insurance Company of Washington. This mark is similar to that of the Firemen's Insurance Company of Baltimore, Maryland.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1838
maker
unknown
ID Number
2005.0233.0497
accession number
2005.0233
catalog number
2005.0233.0497

Hope Hose Company Fire Hat

Beginning in the late 18th century, some volunteer fire fighters began to wear hats painted with their company’s name to identify themselves at chaotic fire scenes.
Description
Beginning in the late 18th century, some volunteer fire fighters began to wear hats painted with their company’s name to identify themselves at chaotic fire scenes. During the 19th century, these fire hats became more ornate, as portraits of historical figures, patriotic scenes, allegorical images, or company icons were painted alongside the company’s name, motto, or founding date. Made of pressed felt, these “stove-pipe” hats were primarily used in Philadelphia, but other nearby cities such as Baltimore and Washington adopted them as well. Fire hats were personal items with the owner’s initials often painted on the top of the hat. While these hats were worn at fires, they are more colloquially known as “parade hats.” Fire companies commonly marched in the many parades of the period and these ornate hats contributed to the visual culture of their day. These distinguishing features in a company’s regalia often proclaimed the members’ cultural and political identity as well as their position on contested topics such as work, religion and immigration.
This fire hat was used in the eastern United States during the first half of the 19th century. The hat is painted black overall, with a painting at its center featuring a female figure clothed in a white robe with an anchor at her side and stormy sea behind her. The painting is flanked by red banners with gold trim that read “HOPE HOSE COMPY” in gold lettering. The back of the hat features the word “HOPE” in large golden letters, with golden lines above and below. The crown of the hat has the owner’s initials “R.W.J.” painted in gold. The female figure with anchor is a classical allegorical representation of Hope.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1810-1860
associated
Hope Hose Company
original artist
Woodside, John Archibald
maker
unknown
ID Number
2005.0233.0056
catalog number
2005.0233.0056
accession number
2005.0233

Friendship Fire Company Fire Hat

Beginning in the late 18th century, some volunteer fire fighters began to wear hats painted with their company’s name to identify themselves at chaotic fire scenes.
Description
Beginning in the late 18th century, some volunteer fire fighters began to wear hats painted with their company’s name to identify themselves at chaotic fire scenes. During the 19th century, these fire hats became more ornate, as portraits of historical figures, patriotic scenes, allegorical images, or company icons were painted alongside the company’s name, motto, or founding date. Made of pressed felt, these “stove-pipe” hats were primarily used in Philadelphia, but other nearby cities such as Baltimore and Washington adopted them as well. Fire hats were personal items with the owner’s initials often painted on the top of the hat. While these hats were worn at fires, they are more colloquially known as “parade hats.” Fire companies commonly marched in the many parades of the period and these ornate hats contributed to the visual culture of their day. These distinguishing features in a company’s regalia often proclaimed the members’ cultural and political identity as well as their position on contested topics such as work, religion and immigration.
This fire hat was used in Baltimore, Maryland during the first half of the 19th century. The hat is painted red with the text “FRIENDSHIP/F. Co.” painted in gold on the front and the date “1839” painted in gold on the back. This hat deviates from the stove-pipe style prevalent among other fire hats of the period, as it has a peaked crown. The Friendship Fire Company of Baltimore, Maryland was organized in 1785, and chartered in 1839.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1810-1860
associated
Friendship Fire Company
maker
unknown
ID Number
2005.0233.0041
catalog number
2005.0233.0041
accession number
2005.0233

Mutual Assurance Company Fire Mark

Beginning in the 1750s, some American insurance companies issued metal fire marks to policyholders to signify that their property was insured against fire damage. The fire marks bore the name and/or symbol of the insurer, and some included the customer’s policy number.
Description (Brief)
Beginning in the 1750s, some American insurance companies issued metal fire marks to policyholders to signify that their property was insured against fire damage. The fire marks bore the name and/or symbol of the insurer, and some included the customer’s policy number. The company or agent would then affix the mark to the policyholder’s home or business. For owners the mark served as proof of insurance and a deterrent against arson. For insurance companies the mark served as a form of advertising, and alerted volunteer firefighters that the property was insured.
The Mutual Assurance Company for Insuring Houses from Loss by Fire of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, issued this fire mark between 1794 and 1797. This Mutual fire mark consists of a leaden image of a tree nailed to a shield-shaped wooden board that was painted white. The Mutual was founded in 1784 by former policyholders of the Philadelphia Contributionship for the Insurance of Houses from Loss by Fire. The Philadelphia Contributionship decided that buildings with trees in front of them posed a fire hazard and would no longer be insured. Since trees were abundant in early Philadelphia, this decision created a rift in the Contributionship. The Mutual was founded to provide insurance to those members whose buildings had trees. The adoption of the “Green Tree” as the company’s fire mark was a nod to the dispute that led to the Mutual’s founding.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1794–1797
maker
unknown
ID Number
2005.0233.0419
accession number
2005.0233
catalog number
2005.0233.0419

Lorillard Fire Insurance Company Fire Mark

Beginning in the 1750s, some American insurance companies issued metal fire marks to policyholders to signify that their property was insured against fire damage. The fire marks bore the name and/or symbol of the insurer, and some included the customer’s policy number.
Description (Brief)
Beginning in the 1750s, some American insurance companies issued metal fire marks to policyholders to signify that their property was insured against fire damage. The fire marks bore the name and/or symbol of the insurer, and some included the customer’s policy number. The company or agent would then affix the mark to the policyholder’s home or business. For owners the mark served as proof of insurance and a deterrent against arson. For insurance companies the mark served as a form of advertising, and alerted volunteer firefighters that the property was insured.
The Lorillard Fire Insurance Company of New York, New York issued this brass fire mark in 1852. The oval mark has a central image of lit torches crossed in the center. There is text at the top and bottom that reads “LORILLARD/NEW YORK” and a beaded ornamentation around the rim. The Lorillard Fire Insurance Company operated from 1852 until 1883, when it voluntarily liquidated and was reinsured by the Guardian of England.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1852
maker
unknown
ID Number
2005.0233.0543
accession number
2005.0233
catalog number
2005.0233.0543

Hand In Hand Company Cape

Some early American firefighters wore capes for protection, ornamentation, and identification.
Description
Some early American firefighters wore capes for protection, ornamentation, and identification. The stiff oil cloth protected their shoulders and upper body against fiery embers and water, and the decorative painting served to identify company members at chaotic fire scenes or on parade. The capes were often painted by local sign painters, some skilled artists like John A. Woodside, who also painted the company’s hats and banners and decorated their fire engines. Many of the capes in the firefighting collection display patriotic names and symbolism, reflecting themes important to 19th century volunteers, as well as the pride they felt in the early founding date of their fire company.
This oil cloth cape is blue overall with the name “Hand in Hand” painted in gold text with red shading and the date “1772” in gold with light blue shading below. The number “2” is painted in gold with light blue shading on the shoulders. The cape belonged to a member of the Hand in Hand Fire Company of York, Pennsylvania. The Hand in Hand Company was founded in 1772, and was one of the oldest companies in the country.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
19th century
maker
unknown
ID Number
2005.0233.0127
catalog number
2005.0233.0127
accession number
2005.0233

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