Cultures & Communities

Cleveland Many Peoples One Language Poster

Furniture, cooking wares, clothing, works of art, and many other kinds of artifacts are part of what knit people into communities and cultures. The Museum’s collections feature artifacts from European Americans, Latinos, Arab Americans, Asian Pacific Americans, African Americans, Gypsies, Jews, and Christians, both Catholics and Protestants. The objects range from ceramic face jugs made by enslaved African Americans in South Carolina to graduation robes and wedding gowns. The holdings also include artifacts associated with education, such as teaching equipment, textbooks, and two complete schoolrooms. Uniforms, insignia, and other objects represent a wide variety of civic and voluntary organizations, including youth and fraternal groups, scouting, police forces, and firefighters.

Topic: Fire Fighting

Fair Mount Company Cape

Some early American firefighters wore capes for protection, ornamentation, and identification.
Description
Some early American firefighters wore capes for protection, ornamentation, and identification. The stiff oil cloth protected their shoulders and upper body against fiery embers and water, and the decorative painting served to identify company members at chaotic fire scenes or on parade. The capes were often painted by local sign painters, some skilled artists like John A. Woodside, who also painted the company’s hats and banners and decorated their fire engines. Many of the capes in the firefighting collection display patriotic names and symbolism, reflecting themes important to 19th century volunteers, as well as the pride they felt in the early founding date of their fire company.
This oil cloth cape is painted red with the company name “FAIRMOUNT” written in gold. The letters “F’” and “A” are painted on each shoulder. A gold-painted image of a fire hydrant with protruding hose is flanked by the initials “FA” in the center of the cape. This was the logo of the Fire Association of Philadelphia, an insurance company founded by a group of eleven volunteer engine companies and five volunteer hose companies in 1817. Fairmount Fire Engine Company No. 32, organized in 1823, was a member. Originally organized as a hand engine company, the Fairmount Fire Engine Company No. 32 acquired a steam fire engine in 1860 and operated as a steam fire engine company until 1871 when Philadelphia’s paid firefighting department was established. It was named for the Fairmount Water Works of Philadelphia, the first municipal water system in the US and a boon to volunteer firefighters.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
mid 19th century
maker
unknown
ID Number
2005.0233.0124
catalog number
2005.0233.0124
accession number
2005.0233

"Eagle on Top of Globe" Engine Panel Painting

In the nineteenth century, volunteer fire companies often commissioned paintings to decorate their hand-pumped fire engines for parades, competitions, and community events.
Description
In the nineteenth century, volunteer fire companies often commissioned paintings to decorate their hand-pumped fire engines for parades, competitions, and community events. Sometimes framed with elaborate carvings, they adorned the tall air chamber located at the middle or rear of a pumper. The paintings would often feature patriotic, heroic, or allegorical images to associate the volunteer companies with these lofty ideals.
This painting belonged to the Eagle Fire Engine Company No. 13 of New York, New York that was active from 1783 until 1865. The oil painting was created by an unknown artist around 1863. The image consists of an eagle perched on a globe, with an American flag and Phrygian cap on the flagpole. The cap is also known as a liberty cap, a symbol of freedom from tyranny. The fire company named itself after the eagle, the national bird of the United States. The imagery of the eagle connotes patriotism as well as the eagle’s history as a symbol of strength and immortality. This painting and its companion (2005.0233.0311) would have adorned either side of the company’s engine.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
ca 1863
maker
unknown
ID Number
2005.0233.0310
accession number
2005.0233
catalog number
2005.0233.0310

Baltimore Equitable Society Fire Mark

Beginning in the 1750s, some American insurance companies issued metal fire marks to policyholders to signify that their property was insured against fire damage. The fire marks bore the name and/or symbol of the insurer, and some included the customer’s policy number.
Description (Brief)
Beginning in the 1750s, some American insurance companies issued metal fire marks to policyholders to signify that their property was insured against fire damage. The fire marks bore the name and/or symbol of the insurer, and some included the customer’s policy number. The company or agent would then affix the mark to the policyholder’s home or business. For owners the mark served as proof of insurance and a deterrent against arson. For insurance companies the mark served as a form of advertising, and alerted volunteer firefighters that the property was insured.
The Baltimore Equitable Society of Baltimore, Maryland issued this fire mark around 1845. The cast iron mark features a raised image of two clasped hands with linked chain cuffs on a square background. Remnants of gold paint can be seen on the hands. The Baltimore Equitable Society was founded in 1794 and is still in operation today. The “Sign of the Clasped Hands” fire mark is still available from the Baltimore Equitable Society, and comes in cast aluminum that is painted black overall, with hands and numbering in gold.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
ca 1845
maker
unknown
ID Number
2005.0233.0484
accession number
2005.0233
catalog number
2005.0233.0484

"Rescue" Engine Panel Painting

In the nineteenth century, volunteer fire companies often commissioned paintings to decorate their hand-pumped fire engines for parades, competitions, and community events.
Description
In the nineteenth century, volunteer fire companies often commissioned paintings to decorate their hand-pumped fire engines for parades, competitions, and community events. Sometimes framed with elaborate carvings, they adorned the tall air chamber located at the middle or rear of a pumper. The paintings would often feature patriotic, heroic, or allegorical images to associate the volunteer companies with these lofty ideals.
This engine panel painting likely belonged to the Globe Engine Company No. 30 of Kensington, Philadelphia, which was founded in 1820. Originally organized as a hand engine company, it acquired a steam fire engine in 1863 and operated as the Globe Steam Fire Engine Company of Kensington until 1871 when Philadelphia’s paid firefighting department was established. The painting is attributed to John S. Brewer and dated to around 1834.The painting depicts two firemen rescuing a distressed woman from a house fire. The firemen are wearing their fire hats and capes, and one is carrying a speaking trumpet used to amplify his instructions to the company. The painting was meant to emphasize the firemen’s masculinity and heroism. This painting and its companion piece (object 2005.0233.0313) would have adorned either side of the company’s engine.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
ca 1840
artist attribution
Brewer, John S.
ID Number
2005.0233.0312
accession number
2005.0233
catalog number
2005.0233.0312

Insurance Company of North America Fire Mark

Beginning in the 1750s, some American insurance companies issued metal fire marks to policyholders to signify that their property was insured against fire damage. The fire marks bore the name and/or symbol of the insurer, and some included the customer’s policy number.
Description (Brief)
Beginning in the 1750s, some American insurance companies issued metal fire marks to policyholders to signify that their property was insured against fire damage. The fire marks bore the name and/or symbol of the insurer, and some included the customer’s policy number. The company or agent would then affix the mark to the policyholder’s home or business. For owners the mark served as proof of insurance and a deterrent against arson. For insurance companies the mark served as a form of advertising, and alerted volunteer firefighters that the property was insured.
The Insurance Company of North America issued this fire mark around 1800-1830. This fire mark is based on the designs of Claudius Francis LeGrand, consisting of an image of a spread-winged eagle rising from a cloud embossed upon a copper oval. The eagle is painted gold, with the background painted a matte black. A group of influential citizens in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania founded the Insurance Company of North America in 1792. The INA was the first joint stock insurance company in the United States, and focused its business on marine and fire insurance. The Insurance Company of North America and related companies merged with the Connecticut General Life Insurance Company in 1982 to become the CIGNA Corporation. A later sale made INA a part of ACE Holdings, where it still operates today.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1800-1830
maker
unknown
ID Number
2005.0233.0388
accession number
2005.0233
catalog number
2005.0233.0388

Lumbermen's Insurance Company Fire Mark

Beginning in the 1750s, some American insurance companies issued metal fire marks to policyholders to signify that their property was insured against fire damage. The fire marks bore the name and/or symbol of the insurer, and some included the customer’s policy number.
Description (Brief)
Beginning in the 1750s, some American insurance companies issued metal fire marks to policyholders to signify that their property was insured against fire damage. The fire marks bore the name and/or symbol of the insurer, and some included the customer’s policy number. The company or agent would then affix the mark to the policyholder’s home or business. For owners the mark served as proof of insurance and a deterrent against arson. For insurance companies the mark served as a form of advertising, and alerted volunteer firefighters that the property was insured.
The Lumbermen’s Insurance Company of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania issued this cast iron fire mark in 1873. The fire mark consists of an overlapping monogram of the company’s initials, “LI Co” embossed upon an iron square. The mark is framed with four logs that overlap at the corners. The Lumbermen’s was the last newly organized insurance company in Philadelphia to issue a cast iron fire mark.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1873
maker
unknown
ID Number
2005.0233.0438
accession number
2005.0233
catalog number
2005.0233.0438

Insurance Company of North America Fire Mark

Beginning in the 1750s, some American insurance companies issued metal fire marks to policyholders to signify that their property was insured against fire damage. The fire marks bore the name and/or symbol of the insurer, and some included the customer’s policy number.
Description (Brief)
Beginning in the 1750s, some American insurance companies issued metal fire marks to policyholders to signify that their property was insured against fire damage. The fire marks bore the name and/or symbol of the insurer, and some included the customer’s policy number. The company or agent would then affix the mark to the policyholder’s home or business. For owners the mark served as proof of insurance and a deterrent against arson. For insurance companies the mark served as a form of advertising, and alerted volunteer firefighters that the property was insured.
The Insurance Company of North America of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania issued this tinned sheet iron fire mark during the late 19th century. The rectangular fire mark bears block lettering that reads “NORTH/AMERICA /A.D. 1794.” The background of the mark was painted silver and white, and the lettering is painted black. A group of influential citizens in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania founded the Insurance Company of North America in 1792. The INA was the first joint stock insurance company in the United States, and focused its business on marine and fire insurance. The Insurance Company of North America and related companies merged with the Connecticut General Life Insurance Company in 1982 to become the CIGNA Corporation. A later sale made INA a part of ACE Holdings, where it still operates today.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
ca 1880
maker
unknown
ID Number
2005.0233.0573
accession number
2005.0233
catalog number
2005.0233.0573

Fire Engine Plate, "Howard and Davis"

At the core of any fire company is the apparatus used to fight fires and protect lives. This was particularly true of for the volunteer fire fighters in 19th century America.
Description (Brief)
At the core of any fire company is the apparatus used to fight fires and protect lives. This was particularly true of for the volunteer fire fighters in 19th century America. Often purchased with their own funds, their fire engines were the focus of their pride and affection, as well as their identities as fire fighters. Engine plates, often made of brass, would be prominently affixed to engines and inscribed with the company name, number, and founding date. Engine plates could pass from old engine to new, or be kept in the firehouse as a memorial to a departed apparatus.
This brass maker’s plate was attached to a handtub fire engine made by Howard and Davis of Boston, Massachusetts around 1852. The company was primarily known for manufacturing clocks, but also made fire engines from 1842 to 1857.The rectangular brass plate is engraved with the text “HOWARD & DAVIS/BOSTON/1852” which is mounted on a wooden plaque. The lower right corner of the plate has been chipped off.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
ca 1852
maker
Howard & Davis
ID Number
2005.0233.0943
accession number
2005.0233
catalog number
2005.0233.0943

Firemen's Insurance Company Fire Mark

Beginning in the 1750s, some American insurance companies issued metal fire marks to policyholders to signify that their property was insured against fire damage. The fire marks bore the name and/or symbol of the insurer, and some included the customer’s policy number.
Description (Brief)
Beginning in the 1750s, some American insurance companies issued metal fire marks to policyholders to signify that their property was insured against fire damage. The fire marks bore the name and/or symbol of the insurer, and some included the customer’s policy number. The company or agent would then affix the mark to the policyholder’s home or business. For owners the mark served as proof of insurance and a deterrent against arson. For insurance companies the mark served as a form of advertising, and alerted volunteer firefighters that the property was insured.
The Firemen's Insurance Company of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania issued this cast iron fire mark in 1834. This mark was taken from a building on Marbury Street (now Third Street) in Pittsburgh that was owned by James Wood. The square mark has a raised image of a Philadelphia-style pumper in the center. The Firemen’s Insurance Company operated from 1834 until 1845, when losses suffered in the Great Fire of Pittsburgh forced it to close.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1834
ID Number
2005.0233.0507
accession number
2005.0233
catalog number
2005.0233.0507

Firemen's Insurance Company Fire Mark

Beginning in the 1750s, some American insurance companies issued metal fire marks to policyholders to signify that their property was insured against fire damage. The fire marks bore the name and/or symbol of the insurer, and some included the customer’s policy number.
Description (Brief)
Beginning in the 1750s, some American insurance companies issued metal fire marks to policyholders to signify that their property was insured against fire damage. The fire marks bore the name and/or symbol of the insurer, and some included the customer’s policy number. The company or agent would then affix the mark to the policyholder’s home or business. For owners the mark served as proof of insurance and a deterrent against arson. For insurance companies the mark served as a form of advertising, and alerted volunteer firefighters that the property was insured.
The Firemen’s Insurance Company of New Orleans, Louisiana issued this fire mark around 1875. The Firemen’s Insurance fire mark consisted of a raised image of an early fire hydrant with hose attached, surrounded by the letters F.I. Co. in the center of a cast iron oval. This fire mark’s symbol is taken from the imagery associated with the Fire Association of Philadelphia. The Firemen’s Insurance Company of New Orleans operated from 1875 until 1898.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
ca 1875
maker
unknown
ID Number
2005.0233.0472
accession number
2005.0233
catalog number
2005.0233.0472

Kensington Fire Company Fire Hat

Beginning in the late 18th century, some volunteer fire fighters began to wear hats painted with their company’s name to identify themselves at chaotic fire scenes.
Description
Beginning in the late 18th century, some volunteer fire fighters began to wear hats painted with their company’s name to identify themselves at chaotic fire scenes. During the 19th century, these fire hats became more ornate, as portraits of historical figures, patriotic scenes, allegorical images, or company icons were painted alongside the company’s name, motto, or founding date. Made of pressed felt, these “stove-pipe” hats were primarily used in Philadelphia, but other nearby cities such as Baltimore and Washington adopted them as well. Fire hats were personal items with the owner’s initials often painted on the top of the hat. While these hats were worn at fires, they are more colloquially known as “parade hats.” Fire companies commonly marched in the many parades of the period and these ornate hats contributed to the visual culture of their day. These distinguishing features in a company’s regalia often proclaimed the members’ cultural and political identity as well as their position on contested topics such as work, religion and immigration.
This fire hat was used in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania during the first half of the 19th century. The hat is painted brown overall with golden bands around the top and base. The front of the hat has the golden painted text that reads “KENSINGTON/1791.” There is an encircled number “1” on the back of the hat in gold paint. The crown of the hat bears the owner’s initials “J.F.” painted in gold. The Kensington Fire Company was founded in August of 1791 to serve the Kensington neighborhood of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The company operated until 1855, when it refused to join the newly organized Philadelphia Fire Department, which, although volunteer, was under the administrative and financial control of the city.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1810-1860
maker
unknown
ID Number
2005.0233.0066
catalog number
2005.0233.0066
accession number
2005.0233

Hope Mutual Insurance Company Fire Mark

Beginning in the 1750s, some American insurance companies issued metal fire marks to policyholders to signify that their property was insured against fire damage. The fire marks bore the name and/or symbol of the insurer, and some included the customer’s policy number.
Description (Brief)
Beginning in the 1750s, some American insurance companies issued metal fire marks to policyholders to signify that their property was insured against fire damage. The fire marks bore the name and/or symbol of the insurer, and some included the customer’s policy number. The company or agent would then affix the mark to the policyholder’s home or business. For owners the mark served as proof of insurance and a deterrent against arson. For insurance companies the mark served as a form of advertising, and alerted volunteer firefighters that the property was insured.
The Hope Mutual Insurance Company of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania issued this cast iron fire mark between 1854 and 1860. The oval-shaped mark has a beaded edge and a central image of a female figure standing by a rock or pedestal and placing her hand on an anchor. The female figure is intended to be an allegorical representation of Hope. The mark is made of cast iron, and has been painted black.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1854
company dates
1854–1860
maker
unknown
ID Number
2005.0233.0439
accession number
2005.0233
catalog number
2005.0233.0439

Fire Engine Plate, "Goodwill Hose"

At the core of any fire company is the apparatus used to fight fires and protect lives. This was particularly true of for the volunteer fire fighters in 19th century America.
Description (Brief)
At the core of any fire company is the apparatus used to fight fires and protect lives. This was particularly true of for the volunteer fire fighters in 19th century America. Often purchased with their own funds, their fire engines were the focus of their pride and affection, as well as their identities as fire fighters. Engine plates, often made of brass, would be prominently affixed to engines and inscribed with the company name, number, and founding date. Engine plates could pass from old engine to new, or be kept in the firehouse as a memorial to a departed apparatus.
This engine plate likely belonged to the Good Will Hose Company No. 25 of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania that was founded on March 1, 1834. The company operated as a hose company until 1859 when it acquired a steam fire engine. It served as a hose and steam fire engine company until 1871 when Philadelphia’s paid firefighting department was established. The plate has raised lettering with gold coloring that reads “GOODWILL HOSE” over a red background. The back of the plate has two bolts and nuts that allowed it to be attached to the engine.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
19th century
maker
unknown
ID Number
2005.0233.0925
accession number
2005.0233
catalog number
2005.0233.0925

Baltimore Equitable Society Fire Mark

Beginning in the 1750s, some American insurance companies issued metal fire marks to policyholders to signify that their property was insured against fire damage. The fire marks bore the name and/or symbol of the insurer, and some included the customer’s policy number.
Description (Brief)
Beginning in the 1750s, some American insurance companies issued metal fire marks to policyholders to signify that their property was insured against fire damage. The fire marks bore the name and/or symbol of the insurer, and some included the customer’s policy number. The company or agent would then affix the mark to the policyholder’s home or business. For owners the mark served as proof of insurance and a deterrent against arson. For insurance companies the mark served as a form of advertising, and alerted volunteer firefighters that the property was insured.
The Baltimore Equitable Society of Baltimore, Maryland issued this fire mark around 1837. The cast iron mark features a raised image of two clasped hands on a square background. Remnants of gold paint can be seen on the hands. The Baltimore Equitable Society was founded in 1794 and is still in operation today. The “Sign of the Clasped Hands” fire mark is still available from the Baltimore Equitable Society, and comes in cast aluminum that is painted black overall, with hands and numbering in gold.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
ca 1837
maker
unknown
ID Number
2005.0233.0482
accession number
2005.0233
catalog number
2005.0233.0482

"AFD Hose One" Decorative Panel

This is a bas-relief carving of a hose wagon was painted red and mounted onto a wooden panel. Dated to around 1890-1900, the panel was most likely made for decoration and not used on a fire engine. The A.F.D.
Description (Brief)
This is a bas-relief carving of a hose wagon was painted red and mounted onto a wooden panel. Dated to around 1890-1900, the panel was most likely made for decoration and not used on a fire engine. The A.F.D. painted on the hose wagon possibly refers to the Albany Fire Department of New York.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
ca 1890
maker
unknown
ID Number
2005.0233.0320
accession number
2005.0233
catalog number
2005.0233.0320

Philadelphia Contributionship Fire Mark

Beginning in the 1750s, some American insurance companies issued metal fire marks to policyholders to signify that their property was insured against fire damage. The fire marks bore the name and/or symbol of the insurer, and some included the customer’s policy number.
Description (Brief)
Beginning in the 1750s, some American insurance companies issued metal fire marks to policyholders to signify that their property was insured against fire damage. The fire marks bore the name and/or symbol of the insurer, and some included the customer’s policy number. The company or agent would then affix the mark to the policyholder’s home or business. For owners the mark served as proof of insurance and a deterrent against arson. For insurance companies the mark served as a form of advertising, and alerted volunteer firefighters that the property was insured.
The Philadelphia Contributionship for the Insurance of Houses from Loss by Fire issued this fire mark around 1819. The fire mark consists of the company’s symbol cast in lead showing four hands clasped at the wrist attached to a shield-shaped wooden backing. The Philadelphia Contributionship was established in 1752, becoming the first successful fire insurance company in America. Benjamin Franklin was one of its founding members. The Contributionship began as a mutual insurance company and this concept is represented by its “Hand in Hand” fire mark. The Philadelphia Contributionship is still in operation.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1819
maker
unknown
ID Number
2005.0233.0372
accession number
2005.0233
catalog number
2005.0233.0372

Good Intent Fire Hat

Beginning in the late 18th century, some volunteer fire fighters began to wear hats painted with their company’s name to identify themselves at chaotic fire scenes.
Description
Beginning in the late 18th century, some volunteer fire fighters began to wear hats painted with their company’s name to identify themselves at chaotic fire scenes. During the 19th century, these fire hats became more ornate, as portraits of historical figures, patriotic scenes, allegorical images, or company icons were painted alongside the company’s name, motto, or founding date. Made of pressed felt, these “stove-pipe” hats were primarily used in Philadelphia, but other nearby cities such as Baltimore and Washington adopted them as well. Fire hats were personal items with the owner’s initials often painted on the top of the hat. While these hats were worn at fires, they are more colloquially known as “parade hats.” Fire companies commonly marched in the many parades of the period and these ornate hats contributed to the visual culture of their day. These distinguishing features in a company’s regalia often proclaimed the members’ cultural and political identity as well as their position on contested topics such as work, religion and immigration.
This fire hat dates to the first half of the 19th century. It is painted black overall, with golden decorative scrolls surrounding the text “GOOD INTENT” painted in gold over a golden sunburst. The back of the hat has the initials “F.A” painted in gold. The initials stand for the Fire Association of Philadelphia, an insurance company founded by a group of eleven volunteer engine companies and five volunteer hose companies in 1817. The owner’s initials “W.H.F.” are painted in gold on the crown. The Good Intent Fire Company was formed in 1819 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and operated as a hand engine company until 1871 when Philadelphia’s paid firefighting department was established.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1820-1860
maker
unknown
ID Number
2005.0233.0107
catalog number
2005.0233.0107
accession number
2005.0233

Friendship Hose Company Fire Hat

Beginning in the late 18th century, some volunteer fire fighters began to wear hats painted with their company’s name to identify themselves at chaotic fire scenes.
Description
Beginning in the late 18th century, some volunteer fire fighters began to wear hats painted with their company’s name to identify themselves at chaotic fire scenes. During the 19th century, these fire hats became more ornate, as portraits of historical figures, patriotic scenes, allegorical images, or company icons were painted alongside the company’s name, motto, or founding date. Made of pressed felt, these “stove-pipe” hats were primarily used in Philadelphia, but other nearby cities such as Baltimore and Washington adopted them as well. Fire hats were personal items with the owner’s initials often painted on the top of the hat. While these hats were worn at fires, they are more colloquially known as “parade hats.” Fire companies commonly marched in the many parades of the period and these ornate hats contributed to the visual culture of their day. These distinguishing features in a company’s regalia often proclaimed the members’ cultural and political identity as well as their position on contested topics such as work, religion and immigration.
This fire hat was used in Lancaster, Pennsylvania during the first half of the 19th century. The hat is painted black overall, with the text “FRIENDSHIP/HOSE” painted in gold across the front. The date “1763” is painted in gold on the back of the hat, and the owner’s initials “L.S.” are painted in gold on the crown of the hat. The Friendship Hose Company in Lancaster, Pennsylvania was founded in 1763.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1810-1860
associated
Friendship Hose Company
maker
unknown
ID Number
2005.0233.0042
catalog number
2005.0233.0042
accession number
2005.0233

Pennsylvania Hose Company Fire Hat

Beginning in the late 18th century, some volunteer fire fighters began to wear hats painted with their company’s name to identify themselves at chaotic fire scenes.
Description
Beginning in the late 18th century, some volunteer fire fighters began to wear hats painted with their company’s name to identify themselves at chaotic fire scenes. During the 19th century, these fire hats became more ornate, as portraits of historical figures, patriotic scenes, allegorical images, or company icons were painted alongside the company’s name, motto, or founding date. Made of pressed felt, these “stove-pipe” hats were primarily used in Philadelphia, but other nearby cities such as Baltimore and Washington adopted them as well. Fire hats were personal items with the owner’s initials often painted on the top of the hat. While these hats were worn at fires, they are more colloquially known as “parade hats.” Fire companies commonly marched in the many parades of the period and these ornate hats contributed to the visual culture of their day. These distinguishing features in a company’s regalia often proclaimed the members’ cultural and political identity as well as their position on contested topics such as work, religion and immigration.
This hat was used in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania during the first half of the 19th century. The hat is painted black overall, with a central painting of the coat of arms of Pennsylvania. Within the central shield are images of a ship, plow, and three sheaves of wheat, representing commerce, labor, and the importance of agriculture respectively. The shield is flanked by two rearing white horses. A spread-wing eagle stands on top of the shield and beneath the shield is a red banner with gold trim bearing the text “VIRTUE LIBERTY INDEPENDENCE” in gold. The back of the hat has the text “PENNSYLVANIA” arching over the owner’s initials “J.L.” in gold paint. The Pennsylvania Fire Company was established in Philadelphia in 1806 and in 1839 withdrew from active service in protest of the rioting amongst the fire companies.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1810-1860
associated
Pennsylvania Hose Company
maker
unknown
ID Number
2005.0233.0077
catalog number
2005.0233.0077
accession number
2005.0233

Taylor Hose Company Fire Hat

Beginning in the late 18th century, some volunteer fire fighters began to wear hats painted with their company’s name to identify themselves at chaotic fire scenes.
Description
Beginning in the late 18th century, some volunteer fire fighters began to wear hats painted with their company’s name to identify themselves at chaotic fire scenes. During the 19th century, these fire hats became more ornate, as portraits of historical figures, patriotic scenes, allegorical images, or company icons were painted alongside the company’s name, motto, or founding date. Made of pressed felt, these “stove-pipe” hats were primarily used in Philadelphia, but other nearby cities such as Baltimore and Washington adopted them as well. Fire hats were personal items with the owner’s initials often painted on the top of the hat. While these hats were worn at fires, they are more colloquially known as “parade hats.” Fire companies commonly marched in the many parades of the period and these ornate hats contributed to the visual culture of their day. These distinguishing features in a company’s regalia often proclaimed the members’ cultural and political identity as well as their position on contested topics such as work, religion and immigration.
This fire hat was used in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania during the middle of the 19th century. The hat is painted dark red overall, with a circular portrait at the front of General Zachary Taylor, a hero of the Mexican-American War and later the twelfth President of the United States. The portrait is framed by a golden banner that reads “TAYLOR/HOSE Co.” in gold paint. The back of the hat has the company’s initials “T.H” painted in gold. The General Taylor Hose Company No. 35 of Philadelphia, also known as Taylor Hose Company, was founded on May 1, 1847, the year before Taylor was elected president. In 1864, the name was changed to General Taylor Steam Forcing Hose Company and operated until 1871 when Philadelphia’s paid firefighting department was established. The company’s motto—"Soldiers in War, Firemen in Peace"—suggests that some of the founding members were military veterans.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1810-1860
associated
Zachary Taylor Hose Co.
depicted
Taylor, Zachary
maker
unknown
ID Number
2005.0233.0084
catalog number
2005.0233.0084
accession number
2005.0233

Fire Engine Plate, "Liberty 16"

At the core of any fire company is the apparatus used to fight fires and protect lives. This was particularly true of for the volunteer fire fighters in 19th century America.
Description (Brief)
At the core of any fire company is the apparatus used to fight fires and protect lives. This was particularly true of for the volunteer fire fighters in 19th century America. Often purchased with their own funds, their fire engines were the focus of their pride and affection, as well as their identities as fire fighters. Engine plates, often made of brass, would be prominently affixed to engines and inscribed with the company name, number, and founding date. Engine plates could pass from old engine to new, or be kept in the firehouse as a memorial to a departed apparatus.
This curved metal engine plate was used by the Liberty Hook and Ladder Company Number 16 of New York City during the early middle of the 19th century. Liberty No. 16 was founded in 1840 and located at the corner of Lexington and Fiftieth Street. The curved plate has diamond accents on the top with a shield-shaped droplet below that is engraved with the number “16” with a crossed hook and ladder across the “16.” The word “LIBERTY” is engraved in calligraphic letters across the arch, and the engraving is filled with black enamel. The back of the plate is inscribed “Built by/C.E. Hartshorn/New York.” Charles E. Hartshorn built a variety of fire fighting apparatus in New York City during the mid-to-late 19th century.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
ca 1862
maker
unknown
ID Number
2005.0233.0934
accession number
2005.0233
catalog number
2005.0233.0934

Firemen's Insurance Company Fire Mark

Beginning in the 1750s, some American insurance companies issued metal fire marks to policyholders to signify that their property was insured against fire damage. The fire marks bore the name and/or symbol of the insurer, and some included the customer’s policy number.
Description (Brief)
Beginning in the 1750s, some American insurance companies issued metal fire marks to policyholders to signify that their property was insured against fire damage. The fire marks bore the name and/or symbol of the insurer, and some included the customer’s policy number. The company or agent would then affix the mark to the policyholder’s home or business. For owners the mark served as proof of insurance and a deterrent against arson. For insurance companies the mark served as a form of advertising, and alerted volunteer firefighters that the property was insured.
The Firemen's Insurance Company of Baltimore, Maryland issued this fire mark in 1840. The circular cast iron mark has a raised image of a Philadelphia-style double-deck end stroke engine in the center, with a raised text below that reads “F.I. CO.” The Firemen's Insurance Company was founded in 1825, but folded in 1904 due to the losses suffered in the Great Fire of Baltimore.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1840
maker
unknown
ID Number
2005.0233.0492
accession number
2005.0233
catalog number
2005.0233.0492

Marion Hose Company Fire Hat

Beginning in the late 18th century, some volunteer fire fighters began to wear hats painted with their company’s name to identify themselves at chaotic fire scenes.
Description
Beginning in the late 18th century, some volunteer fire fighters began to wear hats painted with their company’s name to identify themselves at chaotic fire scenes. During the 19th century, these fire hats became more ornate, as portraits of historical figures, patriotic scenes, allegorical images, or company icons were painted alongside the company’s name, motto, or founding date. Made of pressed felt, these “stove-pipe” hats were primarily used in Philadelphia, but other nearby cities such as Baltimore and Washington adopted them as well. Fire hats were personal items with the owner’s initials often painted on the top of the hat. While these hats were worn at fires, they are more colloquially known as “parade hats.” Fire companies commonly marched in the many parades of the period and these ornate hats contributed to the visual culture of their day. These distinguishing features in a company’s regalia often proclaimed the members’ cultural and political identity as well as their position on contested topics such as work, religion and immigration.
This hat dates to the first half of the 19th century. The hat is painted brown overall, with an image of a spread-winged bald eagle similar to the one depicted on the Great Seal of the United States. In the bird's right claw is an olive branch and in its left are a group of thirteen arrows, and the shield of the United States is on its chest. A red banner above the eagle reads “MARION.” The back of the hat has the date “1833” painted in gold. The crown of the hat has the owner’s initials “J.H.H.” painted in gold. The Marion Hose Company No. 23 was founded in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on August 19, 1833, and operated until 1871 when Philadelphia’s paid firefighting department was established.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1833-1860
associated
Marion Hose Company
maker
unknown
ID Number
2005.0233.0069
catalog number
2005.0233.0069
accession number
2005.0233

Fire Engine Plate, "Hibernia"

At the core of any fire company is the apparatus used to fight fires and protect lives. This was particularly true of for the volunteer fire fighters in 19th century America.
Description (Brief)
At the core of any fire company is the apparatus used to fight fires and protect lives. This was particularly true of for the volunteer fire fighters in 19th century America. Often purchased with their own funds, their fire engines were the focus of their pride and affection, as well as their identities as fire fighters. Engine plates, often made of brass, would be prominently affixed to engines and inscribed with the company name, number, and founding date. Engine plates could pass from old engine to new, or be kept in the firehouse as a memorial to a departed apparatus.
This nickel-plated brass engine plate was used by the Hibernia Fire Engine Company of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania which was established in 1752. The arching plate has the text “HIBERNIA” engraved in wide shaded calligraphic letters. The sides of the plate have holes showing where the plate would have been attached to the engine. The ends are engraved with ornamental acanthus leafs around the holes. The Hibernia Fire Engine Company operated as a hand engine company until it acquired a steam fire engine in 1858. It operated as a steam fire engine company until 1871 when Philadelphia’s paid firefighting department was established and was one of Philadelphia’s largest and oldest companies, and used several different engines and apparatus during its history.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
mid 19th century
maker
unknown
ID Number
2005.0233.0926
accession number
2005.0233
catalog number
2005.0233.0926

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