Government, Politics, and Reform

George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, and Abraham Lincoln are all represented in the Museum's collections—by a surveying compass, a lap desk, and a top hat, among other artifacts. But the roughly 100,000 objects in this collection reach beyond the possessions of statesmen to touch the broader political life of the nation—in election campaigns, the women's suffrage movement, labor activity, civil rights, and many other areas. Campaign objects make up much of the collection, including posters, novelties, ballots, voting machines, and many others. A second group includes general political history artifacts, such as first ladies' clothing and accessories, diplomatic materials, ceremonial objects, national symbols, and paintings and sculptures of political figures. The third main area focuses on artifacts related to political reform movements, from labor unions to antiwar groups.

One of a set of six identical curved stylized cone or paisley shaped black silk Chantilly bobbin lace appliqués or insertions. The attached paper tag states "131, 6 pieces, No 10/55, Chantilly, made by hand in Flanders for the C'on for Relief in Belgium, M. Kefer Mali".
Description
One of a set of six identical curved stylized cone or paisley shaped black silk Chantilly bobbin lace appliqués or insertions. The attached paper tag states "131, 6 pieces, No 10/55, Chantilly, made by hand in Flanders for the C'on for Relief in Belgium, M. Kefer Mali". Each piece is labeled "10/55, $.45 each". Madame Kefer-Mali was one of four women on the Lace Committee working with the Commission for Relief in Belgium. The lace was made by Belgian lace makers during World War I.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1914-1918
1914-1919
made during
1914-1918
Helped create Commission for Relief in Belgium
Hoover, Herbert
previous owner
Kefer-Mali, M.
maker
unknown
ID Number
2013.0121.38
accession number
2013.0121
catalog number
2013.0121.38
This poster, issued by the private National Americanization Committee in 1917 and distributed by the Department of the Interior’s Bureau of Education, represents the ideals of the Americanization movement through the use of the flag and its symbolic message expressed in verse.
Description
This poster, issued by the private National Americanization Committee in 1917 and distributed by the Department of the Interior’s Bureau of Education, represents the ideals of the Americanization movement through the use of the flag and its symbolic message expressed in verse.
date made
1917
associated date
1917
ID Number
2015.0200.046
accession number
2015.0200
catalog number
2015.0200.046
This lace collar is made with fine Brussels bobbin lace motifs in Louis XVI style, connected by droschel bobbin lace ground.
Description
This lace collar is made with fine Brussels bobbin lace motifs in Louis XVI style, connected by droschel bobbin lace ground. The attached tag has a red wax seal embossed with “Commission for Relief in Belgium, Dentelle Belge” and includes an image of the Belgian Lion in the center.
The card on the back of the seal reads: "N° 13/0446 Point Bruxelles Droschel Louis XVI made by hand. Sold by the C'on for Relief in Belgium". The lace was made by Belgian lace makers during World War I.
Location
Currently not on view
made during
1914-1918
agent
Hoover, Herbert
maker
unknown
ID Number
2013.0121.20
accession number
2013.0121
catalog number
2013.0121.20
In 1901, just six months into his term, President William McKinley was assassinated and Vice President Theodore Roosevelt ascended to the presidency. Early in his term, Roosevelt began calling for “a square deal” for all citizens.
Description
In 1901, just six months into his term, President William McKinley was assassinated and Vice President Theodore Roosevelt ascended to the presidency. Early in his term, Roosevelt began calling for “a square deal” for all citizens. When he ran for a full term in 1904 as the Republican nominee, he promised that “if elected . . . so far as in my power lies I shall see to it that every man has a square deal, no less and no more.” Having pledged not to seek a third term in 1908, Roosevelt was a popular political speaker and traveled the country promoting Republican candidates and the square deal philosophy. His most straightforward explanation came in a 1910 speech in Kansas: “I stand for the square deal. But when I say that I am for the square deal, I mean not merely that I stand for fair play under the present rules of the game, but that I stand for having those rules changed so as to work for a more substantial equality of opportunity and of reward for equally good service.”
Because his handpicked successor President William Howard Taft, elected in 1908, proved to be more pro-business and more conservative than he expected, Roosevelt tried to wrest the 1912 Republican nomination from the incumbent. When his efforts failed, Roosevelt ran for president on the ticket of his newly formed Progressive Party. Once again, the “square deal” was a featured campaign theme. Roosevelt lost the 1912 election to Democratic candidate Woodrow Wilson but he stunned the Republican establishment by finishing second with over 27% of the popular vote and 88 electoral votes from six states. President Taft who received 23% of the popular vote became the only sitting president to finish third in a re-election bid. Socialist Eugene V. Debs, running for the fourth time, finished fourth with 6% of the vote.
date made
1912
ID Number
2015.0200.172
accession number
2015.0200
catalog number
2015.0200.172
One of a set of six identical curved stylized cone or paisley shaped black silk Chantilly bobbin lace appliqués or insertions. The attached paper tag states "131, 6 pieces, No 10/55, Chantilly, made by hand in Flanders for the C'on for Relief in Belgium, M. Kefer Mali".
Description
One of a set of six identical curved stylized cone or paisley shaped black silk Chantilly bobbin lace appliqués or insertions. The attached paper tag states "131, 6 pieces, No 10/55, Chantilly, made by hand in Flanders for the C'on for Relief in Belgium, M. Kefer Mali". Each piece is labeled "10/55, $.45 each". Madame Kefer-Mali was one of four women on the Lace Committee working with the Commission for Relief in Belgium. The lace was made by Belgian lace makers during World War I.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1914-1918
made during
1914-1918
Helped create Commission for Relief in Belgium
Hoover, Herbert
previous owner
Kefer-Mali, M.
maker
unknown
ID Number
2013.0121.41
accession number
2013.0121
catalog number
2013.0121.41
Theodore Roosevelt had already served as a Republican governor, vice president, and president before he formed the Progressive Party in 1912 and ran one more time for president in what would be his last national campaign.
Description
Theodore Roosevelt had already served as a Republican governor, vice president, and president before he formed the Progressive Party in 1912 and ran one more time for president in what would be his last national campaign. This moose on this button is a symbol of that party.
Governor Theodore Roosevelt of New York was widely expected to get the job when President William McKinley needed a new running mate for his re-election campaign in 1900. (His first vice president, Garret Hobart, had died in office.) Initially unsure he wanted the position, Roosevelt was convinced by his political friends that the vice presidency was his avenue to the White House. No one could have anticipated how quickly that would come to pass. Just six months into his term, President William McKinley was assassinated and Vice President Theodore Roosevelt ascended to the presidency in 1901, a job he would hold until 1909. Two terms, however, would prove insufficient for Roosevelt’s political ambitions.
The moose became the symbol of the Progressive Party because of its long connection with Roosevelt. After he received the vice-presidential nomination in 1900, Roosevelt wrote a letter to Mark Hanna, Chair of the Republican National Committee describing himself as “strong as a bull moose” and said the party “could use me to the limit.” The label stuck although the party affiliation did not. Although Roosevelt had pledged not to seek a third term as president in 1908, he became disillusioned with his handpicked successor, President William Howard Taft, and tried to seize the 1912 Republican nomination from the incumbent. When his efforts failed, Roosevelt took his ambition and his nickname to his new party. Asked if he was healthy enough to run for office as an independent, he responded that he was “fit as a bull moose” causing his new party to become popularly known as the “Bull Moose” Party. Images of a moose appeared on numerous campaign items and Roosevelt made use of the metaphor in his campaign speeches. His most memorable “Bull Moose” reference was an impromptu one. On October 14, 1912, Roosevelt was shot at a campaign appearance in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. With blood visible on his vest, the candidate gave his scheduled speech adding a new introduction: “Friends, I shall ask you to be as quiet as possible. I don’t know whether you fully understand that I have just been shot—but it takes more than that to kill a Bull Moose.”
Roosevelt lost the 1912 election to Democratic candidate Woodrow Wilson but the Progressive (Bull Moose) Party stunned the Republican establishment by finishing second with over 27% of the popular vote and 88 electoral votes from six states. President Taft who received 23% of the popular vote became the only sitting president to finish third in a re-election bid. Socialist Eugene V. Debs, running for the fourth time, finished fourth with 6% of the vote.
date made
1912
ID Number
2015.0200.173
accession number
2015.0200
catalog number
2015.0200.173
“Win with Wilson” was one of the most common slogans for Democrat Woodrow Wilson’s 1912 presidential campaign.
Description
“Win with Wilson” was one of the most common slogans for Democrat Woodrow Wilson’s 1912 presidential campaign. He came out on top in a four-way race defeating former president Theodore Roosevelt (Progressive), incumbent president William Howard Taft (Republican), and labor activist Eugene V. Debs (Socialist) who finished in that order.
date made
1912
ID Number
2015.0200.174
accession number
2015.0200
catalog number
2015.0200.174
One of a set of six identical curved stylized cone or paisley shaped black silk Chantilly bobbin lace appliqués or insertions. The attached paper tag states "131, 6 pieces, No 10/55, Chantilly, made by hand in Flanders for the C'on for Relief in Belgium, M. Kefer Mali".
Description
One of a set of six identical curved stylized cone or paisley shaped black silk Chantilly bobbin lace appliqués or insertions. The attached paper tag states "131, 6 pieces, No 10/55, Chantilly, made by hand in Flanders for the C'on for Relief in Belgium, M. Kefer Mali". Each piece is labeled "10/55, $.45 each". Madame Kefer-Mali was one of four women on the Lace Committee working with the Commission for Relief in Belgium. The lace was made by Belgian lace makers during World War I.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1914-1918
made during
1914-1918
Helped create Commission for Relief in Belgium
Hoover, Herbert
previous owner
Kefer-Mali, M.
maker
unknown
ID Number
2013.0121.40
accession number
2013.0121
catalog number
2013.0121.40
Theodore Roosevelt had already served as a Republican governor, vice president, and president before he formed the Progressive Party in 1912 and ran one more time for president in what would be his last national campaign.Governor Theodore Roosevelt of New York was widely expected
Description
Theodore Roosevelt had already served as a Republican governor, vice president, and president before he formed the Progressive Party in 1912 and ran one more time for president in what would be his last national campaign.
Governor Theodore Roosevelt of New York was widely expected to get the job when President William McKinley needed a new running mate for his re-election campaign in 1900. (His first vice president, Garret Hobart, had died in office.) Initially unsure he wanted the position, Roosevelt was convinced by his political friends that the vice presidency was his avenue to the White House. No one could have anticipated how quickly that would come to pass. Just six months into his term, President William McKinley was assassinated, and Vice President Theodore Roosevelt ascended to the presidency in 1901, a job he would hold until 1909. Two terms, however, would prove insufficient for Roosevelt’s political ambitions.
The moose became the symbol of the Progressive Party because of its long connection with Roosevelt. After he received the vice-presidential nomination in 1900, Roosevelt wrote a letter to Mark Hanna, Chair of the Republican National Committee describing himself as “strong as a bull moose” and said the party “could use me to the limit.” The label stuck although the party affiliation did not. Although Roosevelt had pledged not to seek a third term as president in 1908, he became disillusioned with his handpicked successor, President William Howard Taft, and tried to seize the 1912 Republican nomination from the incumbent. When his efforts failed, Roosevelt took his ambition and his nickname to his new party. Asked if he was healthy enough to run for office as an independent, he responded that he was “fit as a bull moose” causing his new party to become popularly known as the Bull Moose Party. Images of a moose appeared on numerous campaign items and Roosevelt made use of the metaphor in his campaign speeches. His most memorable “Bull Moose” reference was an impromptu one. On October 14, 1912, Roosevelt was shot at a campaign appearance in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. With blood visible on his vest, the candidate gave his scheduled speech adding a new introduction: “Friends, I shall ask you to be as quiet as possible. I don’t know whether you fully understand that I have just been shot—but it takes more than that to kill a Bull Moose.”
The words on this ribbon are the motto of the Lend a Hand Society, a nonsectarian benevolent society founded in 1891 by Edward Everett Hale, a Unitarian minister who later became Chaplain of the United States Senate.
Roosevelt lost the 1912 election to Democratic candidate Woodrow Wilson but the Progressive (Bull Moose) Party stunned the Republican establishment by finishing second with over 27% of the popular vote and 88 electoral votes from six states. President Taft who received 23% of the popular vote became the only sitting president to finish third in a re-election bid. Socialist Eugene V. Debs, running for the fourth time, finished fourth with 6% of the vote.
date made
1912
ID Number
2015.0200.168
accession number
2015.0200
catalog number
2015.0200.168
Currently not on view
Location
Currently not on view
Date made
1966-10
associated
Kameny, Frank
maker
Daughters of Bilitis
ID Number
2007.0131.10
accession number
2007.0131
catalog number
2007.0131.10
Currently not on view
Location
Currently not on view
Date made
1961-12
associated
Kameny, Frank
ID Number
2007.0131.16
catalog number
2007.0131.16
accession number
2007.0131
President William McKinley needed a new running mate for his re-election campaign in 1900 because his first vice president, Garret Hobart, had died in office. Theodore Roosevelt, governor of New York, was widely expected to get the job.
Description
President William McKinley needed a new running mate for his re-election campaign in 1900 because his first vice president, Garret Hobart, had died in office. Theodore Roosevelt, governor of New York, was widely expected to get the job. Initially unsure he really wanted it, Roosevelt was convinced by his political friends that the vice presidency was his avenue to the White House. No one could have anticipated how quickly that would come to pass. Just six months into his term, President William McKinley was assassinated and Vice President Theodore Roosevelt ascended to the presidency in 1901, a job he would hold until 1909.
Roosevelt had pledged not to seek a third term as president but his disillusionment with his handpicked successor, William Howard Taft, led political observers to believe he would try to take the 1912 Republican nomination from the incumbent. At a speaking engagement in Cleveland, Ohio in February, Roosevelt finally made the official announcement that “my hat is in the ring.” When the Republican National Convention selected Taft instead, Roosevelt took his ambition and this campaign slogan to his newly formed Progressive Party. Hats and references to hats appeared on a variety of campaign items. Roosevelt lost the 1912 election to Democratic candidate Woodrow Wilson but the Progressive Party stunned the Republican establishment by finishing second with over 27% of the popular vote and 88 electoral votes from six states. President Taft who received 23% of the popular vote became the only sitting president to finish third in a re-election bid. Socialist Eugene V. Debs, running for the fourth time, finished fourth with 6% of the vote.
date made
1912
ID Number
2015.0200.061
catalog number
2015.0200.061
accession number
2015.0200
Charles Hughes was the 1916 Republican candidate for president. A former governor of New York, Hughes had been appointed to the United States Supreme Court in 1910.
Description
Charles Hughes was the 1916 Republican candidate for president. A former governor of New York, Hughes had been appointed to the United States Supreme Court in 1910. He resigned his seat after receiving the Republican Party’s nomination, the last Supreme Court justice to resign to run for elected office. He was also endorsed by the Progressive (Bull Moose) Party when Theodore Roosevelt declined to run again as a third-party candidate. Four years after losing a very close election to the Democratic incumbent President Woodrow Wilson, Hughes served as Secretary of State under President Warren G. Harding. In 1930, Hughes returned to the Supreme Court when he was appointed Chief Justice by President Herbert Hoover.
date made
1916
ID Number
2015.0200.175
accession number
2015.0200
catalog number
2015.0200.175
date made
circa 1910-1913
ID Number
2013.0005.03
accession number
2013.0005
catalog number
2013.0005.03
One of a set of six identical curved stylized cone or paisley shaped black silk Chantilly bobbin lace appliqués or insertions. The attached paper tag states "131, 6 pieces, No 10/55, Chantilly, made by hand in Flanders for the C'on for Relief in Belgium, M. Kefer Mali".
Description
One of a set of six identical curved stylized cone or paisley shaped black silk Chantilly bobbin lace appliqués or insertions. The attached paper tag states "131, 6 pieces, No 10/55, Chantilly, made by hand in Flanders for the C'on for Relief in Belgium, M. Kefer Mali". Each piece is labeled "10/55, $.45 each". Madame Kefer-Mali was one of four women on the Lace Committee working with the Commission for Relief in Belgium. The lace was made by Belgian lace makers during World War I.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1914-1918
made during
1914-1918
Helped create Commission for Relief in Belgium
Hoover, Herbert
previous owner
Kefer-Mali, M.
maker
unknown
ID Number
2013.0121.42
accession number
2013.0121
catalog number
2013.0121.42
Theodore Roosevelt had already served as a Republican governor, vice president, and president before he formed the Progressive Party in 1912 and ran one more time for president in what would be his last national campaign.
Description
Theodore Roosevelt had already served as a Republican governor, vice president, and president before he formed the Progressive Party in 1912 and ran one more time for president in what would be his last national campaign. This moose pin is a symbol of that party.
Governor Theodore Roosevelt of New York was widely expected to get the job when President William McKinley needed a new running mate for his re-election campaign in 1900. (His first vice president, Garret Hobart, had died in office.) Initially unsure he wanted the position, Roosevelt was convinced by his political friends that the vice presidency was his avenue to the White House. No one could have anticipated how quickly that would come to pass. Just six months into his term, President William McKinley was assassinated and Vice President Theodore Roosevelt ascended to the presidency in 1901, a job he would hold until 1909. Two terms, however, would prove insufficient for Roosevelt’s political ambitions.
The moose became the symbol of the Progressive Party because of its long connection with Roosevelt. After he received the vice-presidential nomination in 1900, Roosevelt wrote a letter to Mark Hanna, Chair of the Republican National Committee describing himself as “strong as a bull moose” and said the party “could use me to the limit.” The label stuck although the party affiliation did not. Although Roosevelt had pledged not to seek a third term as president in 1908, he became disillusioned with his handpicked successor, President William Howard Taft, and tried to seize the 1912 Republican nomination from the incumbent. When his efforts failed, Roosevelt took his ambition and his nickname to his new party. Asked if he was healthy enough to run for office as an independent, he responded that he was “fit as a bull moose” causing his new party to become popularly known as the “Bull Moose” Party. Images of a moose appeared on numerous campaign items and Roosevelt made use of the metaphor in his campaign speeches. His most memorable “Bull Moose” reference was an impromptu one. On October 14, 1912, Roosevelt was shot at a campaign appearance in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. With blood visible on his vest, the candidate gave his scheduled speech adding a new introduction: “Friends, I shall ask you to be as quiet as possible. I don’t know whether you fully understand that I have just been shot—but it takes more than that to kill a Bull Moose.”
Roosevelt lost the 1912 election to Democratic candidate Woodrow Wilson but the Progressive (Bull Moose) Party stunned the Republican establishment by finishing second with over 27% of the popular vote and 88 electoral votes from six states. President Taft who received 23% of the popular vote became the only sitting president to finish third in a re-election bid. Socialist Eugene V. Debs, running for the fourth time, finished fourth with 6% of the vote.
date made
1912
ID Number
2015.0200.169
accession number
2015.0200
catalog number
2015.0200
This paper tag is labeled "N° 13/0436 Point Alençon Louis XVI made by hand in... for the C'on for Relief in Belgium" On the reverse is a red wax seal embossed with “Commission for Relief in Belgium, Dentelle Belge” and an image of the Belgian Lion.
Description
This paper tag is labeled "N° 13/0436 Point Alençon Louis XVI made by hand in... for the C'on for Relief in Belgium" On the reverse is a red wax seal embossed with “Commission for Relief in Belgium, Dentelle Belge” and an image of the Belgian Lion. A black, yellow, and orange cord is sealed into the wax, and “$24.00” is lightly penciled in on the card. The tag came to the museum without the lace attached.
Location
Currently not on view
made during
1914-1919
facilitator
Hoover, Herbert
maker
unknown
ID Number
2013.0121.21
accession number
2013.0121
catalog number
2013.0121.21
In this photograph one can see a police paddy wagon amongst a gathered crowd as White House picketers are arrested.In January 1917, members of the National Woman's Party (NWP) became the first people to picket the White House.
Description
In this photograph one can see a police paddy wagon amongst a gathered crowd as White House picketers are arrested.
In January 1917, members of the National Woman's Party (NWP) became the first people to picket the White House. Protesting the government's failure to pass a constitutional amendment enfranchising women, NWP members, led by Alice Paul, began picketing the White House. Their purple, white, and gold banners asked President Woodrow Wilson, "Mr. President what will you do for woman suffrage?" and "Mr. President how long must women wait for liberty?" Tolerated at first, the "silent sentinels" were increasingly seen as an embarrassment to the administration. As the United States entered the First World War, the NWP pickets' banners often pointed out the hypocrisy of fighting for democracy and freedom in Europe while denying it to women at home. In June 1917, the D.C. police began arresting picketers for obstructing sidewalk traffic. 90 women were sentenced to terms ranging from 60 days to six months in the Occoquan Workhouse. When their demands to be treated as political prisoners were ignored, they went on hunger strikes and were forcibly fed. The publicity surrounding their ordeal generated public sympathy for the suffragists and their cause.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1918
associated dates
August 8, 1918
associated institution
National Woman's Party
photographer
Clinedinst Studios
ID Number
1991.3016.092
catalog number
1991.3016.092
nonaccession number
1991.3016
Several different scenes of the 1913 suffrage parade and pageant in Washington, DC were available on postcards, a popular souvenir. The parade’s floats and marching sections represented women’s organizations and the progress of women’s rights.
Description
Several different scenes of the 1913 suffrage parade and pageant in Washington, DC were available on postcards, a popular souvenir. The parade’s floats and marching sections represented women’s organizations and the progress of women’s rights. The tableau on the steps of the U.S. Treasury building illustrated the ideals of Justice, Charity, Liberty, Peace, and Hope.
On the day before the 1913 presidential inauguration, more than 5,000 women marched up Pennsylvania Avenue demanding the right to vote. Women from around the country came to Washington in a show of strength and determination to obtain the ballot. More than 10,000 spectators crowded the parade route. Some were simply boisterous but others were hostile. They spilled past the barriers and off the sidewalks, clogging Pennsylvania Avenue. Police officers were unable or unwilling to hold back the crowds and after the first four blocks the parade stalled as the marchers couldn’t pass through the mob. A cavalry unit from Fort Myer was finally called in to restore order and the parade finished hours late. The public was horrified, and a one-day event became an ongoing story, with demands for an investigation of the police department’s failure to protect the women.
Location
Currently not on view
associated dates
1913
associated institution
National Woman's Party
associated person
Paul, Alice
ID Number
1991.3016.075
catalog number
1991.3016.075
nonaccession number
1991.3016
This piece of lace depicts the Russian Imperial coat-of-arms, a double-headed eagle with St. George slaying the dragon on the center shield.
Description
This piece of lace depicts the Russian Imperial coat-of-arms, a double-headed eagle with St. George slaying the dragon on the center shield. The Mechlin bobbin lace medallion was made by Belgian lace makers during World War I and was likely intended to be inserted into a larger item.
Location
Currently not on view
made during
1914-1918
maker
unknown
ID Number
TE.T16115C
catalog number
T16115C
accession number
297965
Part of a set of six, this Valenciennes bobbin lace medallion features the coat-of-arms of Belgium. Other medallions, two with the American eagle, another with the Belgian lion coat-of-arms, and two with the municipal shield of Ruysselede (Ruiselede) complete the set.
Description
Part of a set of six, this Valenciennes bobbin lace medallion features the coat-of-arms of Belgium. Other medallions, two with the American eagle, another with the Belgian lion coat-of-arms, and two with the municipal shield of Ruysselede (Ruiselede) complete the set. See a similar motif in TE*E383967. Belgian lace makers made these laces during World War I.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1916-1918
made during
1914-1918
maker
unknown
ID Number
TE.T14222F
catalog number
T14222.00F
accession number
273245
Point de Flandre continuous bobbin lace was utilized to make this mid-18th century style border. Heavier cordonnet or gimp outlines the motifs of large floral swags. The pattern repeat is seven and one-quarter inches long, and the edge is scalloped with picots.
Description
Point de Flandre continuous bobbin lace was utilized to make this mid-18th century style border. Heavier cordonnet or gimp outlines the motifs of large floral swags. The pattern repeat is seven and one-quarter inches long, and the edge is scalloped with picots. The donor identified this border as lace made by Belgian lace makers during World War I.
Location
Currently not on view
made during
1914-1918
maker
unknown
ID Number
TE.T14506
catalog number
T14506
accession number
273245
Currently not on view
Location
Currently not on view
associated date
1918
ID Number
1979.0015.04
accession number
1979.0015
catalog number
1979.0015.04
Currently not on view
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1918
associated date
1918
ID Number
1979.0015.01
accession number
1979.0015
catalog number
1979.0015.01

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