Mexican America - Resources and Credits
This section contains educational materials to supplement your journey through Mexican America as illustrated by the collections of the National Museum of American History.
The glossary explains some of the terms used to talk about the history and peoples of Mexico and the American West and Southwest.
The national borders of Mexico have changed radically between the start of the Aztec Empire in the 14th century and the present. See Mexican maps from the collections of the University of Texas Libraries.
Scenes and figures from postcards commemorating the American West and Southwest from the Victor A. Blenkle Postcard Collection, Archives Center, National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution.
- Colonia outside of El Paso (circa 1920)
- David Crockett
- Greetings from San Antonio, Texas (The Alamo)
- Mexican Home, New Mexico (circa 1925)
- Old Spanish Days (circa 1925)
Historical scenes and figures from Mexico from the Victor A. Blenkle Postcard Collection, Archives Center, National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution.
- Avenida A Tijuana (circa 1910)
- Basílica de Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe (circa 1925)
- Calle del Comercio Ciudad Juárez (circa 1925)
- Mexican Market Scene (undated photograph)
- Quetzalcoatl
- Taxco, Guerrero (circa 1910)
- Temple of Quetzalcoatl, Teotihuacan (circa 1910)
Other Smithsonian Institution projects about the peoples of Mexico and their descendants, culture, and environment.
For additional information on the history of Mexico, Mexican Americans, and the diverse peoples of the American West and Southwest, please see the bibliography.
Esta sección contiene materiales educativos a fin de complementar el recorrido a través de la América Mexicana ilustrado por objetos provenientes de las colecciones del Museo Nacional de Historia Americana.
Pulsando sobre el enlace que se observa a continuación se puede acceder a un glosario donde se explican algunos de los términos usados para referirse a la historia y a los pueblos de México, tanto como del oeste y sudoeste de América.
Los límites nacionales de México han cambiado radicalmente entre los comienzos del Imperio Azteca en el siglo XIV y el presente. Pulse el siguiente enlace para ver mapas de México de las colecciones de las Bibliotecas de la Universidad .de Texas.
Pulsar los siguientes enlaces para ver tarjetas con escenas y figuras, y fotos conmemorativas del oeste y sudoeste americano de la Colección de Postales Victor A. Blenkle, Archives Center, National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution.
- Colonia en las afueras de El Paso (ca. 1920)
- David Crockett
- Saludos desde San Antonio, Texas
- Hogar Mexicano, Nuevo México (ca. 1925)
- Viejos Tiempos Españoles (ca. 1925)
Pulsar los siguientes enlaces para ver escenas y figuras históricas de México.
- Avenida A Tijuana (ca. 1910)
- Basílica de Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe (ca. 1925)
- Calle del Comercio Ciudad Juárez (ca. 1925)
- Escena de un Mercado Mexicano (foto sin fecha)
- Quetzalcoatl
- Taxco, Guerrero (circa 1910)
- Templo de Quetzalcoatl, Teotihuacan (ca. 1910)
Pulsar los siguientes enlaces para ver otros proyectos de la Institución Smithsonian acerca de los pueblos de México y sus descendientes, su cultura y su entorno.
Para mayor información sobre la historia de México, los mexicoamericanos y los diversos pueblos del oeste y sudoeste americano, por favor pulsar sobre el enlace de bibliografía a continuación.
The Mexican America object group is a collective effort of the staff of the National Museum of American History, Kenneth E. Behring Center: Division of Home and Community Life; Division of Information Technology and Communications; Division of Music, Sports and Entertainment; Division of Politics and Reform; New Media Program; Program in Latino History and Culture; Office and Museum Management and Services; and Registration Services.
Special thanks to Diana Taggart and Michelle Sánchez.
El grupo de objetos América Mexicana es un esfuerzo conjunto del personal del Museo Nacional de Historia Americana, del Centro Kenneth E. Behring: División de Vida en el Hogar y la Comunidad; División de Tecnología Informativa y Comunicaciones; División de Música, Deportes y Entretenimiento; División de Política y Reforma; Programa de Nuevos Medios de Comunicación; Programa de Historia y Cultura Latinas; La Oficina de Gestión y Servicios de Museo; y la Oficina de Servicios de Adquisiciones.
Un agradecimiento especial a Diana Taggart y Michelle Sánchez.
"Mexican America - Resources and Credits" showing 7151 items.
Page 655 of 716
- This record comes from another Smithsonian unit: Field Book RegistryNo Image Available
Conrad cruise 12, data sheets, January 1968-June 1969 : part 2, July 1968 to June 1969
- Abstract
- This item is part 2 of a 2 part unbound logbook from Conrad cruise 12 from January 1968 to June 1969. Part 2 includes sample data sheets from July 05, 1968 to June 14, 1969. Summary of route: A few points in the North Pacific near Japan and near the Bering sea. The cruise sails from Capetown to Colombo to Singapore to Saseko. They sail through the Mozambique Channel, the Indian Ocean, and the Philippine Sea. Sample data sheets include the following information: ship-cruise, ship station, sample and number of samples, coordinates, date, local start and finish time, duration, wire angle, TDR no., corrected depth range, type tow, opening-closing, sampler type, ship speed, TSK flowmeter no. and reading, temperature, salinity. Logs also include the following environmental data: surface water temp., air temp., sky conditions, cloud cover, sea conditions, wave height, wind speed, water transparency, BT slide info, BS slide info, Hydro station no. and type, surface salinity sample no., core no., depth to bottom, other sample information, comments (successful tow? If not, why?), observer name. The back (verso) of some these forms records wire angle and hydro station data. Some sheets include time-depth recorders, (made by Benthos, Inc), which are approximately 3 inches in diameter. Plankton sample log sheets record IBM serial number, ship/cruise, sample number, no. of samples, coordinates, upper sampling depth, deeper sampling depth, date, time, duration, device, mesh size, type tow, vol. water filtered, speed, sea state, temperatures, calibration, salinity, wind, wire angle, conditions, depth to bottom, hydro station data, flowmeter reading. Dial settings for 12 kc an d3.5 kc pdrs each watch and at any change settings listed below are the new settings.
- Date Range
- 1968-1969
- Start Date
- 19680705
- End Date
- 19690614
- Accession #
- SIA Acc. 09-008
- Data Source
- Field Book Registry
- This record comes from another Smithsonian unit: Field Book RegistryNo Image Available
Eltanin cruise 9, August 1963-September 1963
- Abstract
- This unbound logbook contains detailed data logs for Eltanin cruise 9 August 13 to September 13, 1963 (although the title erroneously indicates different dates). Also includes miscellaneous sample and flowmeter reading data, and a plotting map of the cruise route with whimsical sketches of the Eltanin vessel and the wind. Summary of route: Starting at 40° s 40° w in the South Atlantic Ocean, east, then south into Southern Ocean, making a look around South Georgia (Falkland Islands). Depth/time graphs and "multiple opening and closing plankton tows" worksheets are included at various times throughout document. Detailed data log sheets record the following information: Ship and cruise no., station no., sample number, total no. samples, coordinates, date, local time, tow type, net in, net out, length of tow, wire angle at max depth, flowmeter reading, corrected depth range, flowmeter no., displacement vol., flowmeter calibration factor, corrected displ. vol., vol. H20 filtered, wire angle information, sky condition, sea condition, surface water temperature, BT slide no., BT temperatures, hydro station data, surface salinity, core no., secchi disk, comments (successful? If not why?), observer name. The back of these forms record BT slide data. Some sheets record hydro station data. Some sheets include time-depth recorders, (made by Benthos, Inc), which are approximately 3 inches in diameter.
- Date Range
- 1963
- Start Date
- 19630813
- End Date
- 19630913
- Accession #
- SIA Acc. 09-008
- Data Source
- Field Book Registry
- This record comes from another Smithsonian unit: Field Book RegistryNo Image Available
Eltanin cruise 15 : data report, October 1, 1964-December 4, 1964
- Abstract
- This unbound logbook contains detailed data logs for Eltanin cruise 15 from October 01 to December 04, 1964. Also included is a 14 page report written by Mike Smiles entitled "Plankton sampling program, Lamont Geological Observatory, Dr. Allan Be, cruise 15, USNS Eltanin, Oct. 1, 1964 - Dec. 4, 1964" summarizing the objectives, envelope containing plotting chart, methods, and findings from Eltanin cruise 15. Includes "night-day chart" and "millepore fliter sampling data sheets". Summary of route: They stop at various locations in the South Pacific and the Southern Ocean between approximately 54° s and 61° s, and 95° w and 150° w. The bulk of the collection consists of 3 different data sheets recording the following information: "opening and closing plankton tows", "Nansen bottles", ship and cruise no., station no., sample number, total no. samples, coordinates, date, local time, tow type, net in, net out, length of tow, wire angle at max depth, flowmeter reading, corrected depth range, flowmeter no., displacement vol., flowmeter calibration factor, corrected displ. vol., vol. H20 filtered, wire angle information, sky condition, sea condition, surface water temperature, BT slide data, BT temperatures, hydro station data, surface salinity, core no., secchi disk, comments (successful? If not why?), observer name. Some log sheets are accompanied by time-depth recorders, (made by Benthos, Inc), which are approximately 3 inches in diameter.
- Date Range
- 1964
- Start Date
- 19641001
- End Date
- 19641204
- Accession #
- SIA Acc. 09-008
- Data Source
- Field Book Registry
- This record comes from another Smithsonian unit: Field Book RegistryNo Image Available
Eltanin, data sheets, cruise 31, 1967
- Abstract
- This folder contains documents pertaining to Eltanin Cruise 31 from San Francisco to Pago Pago in November and December 1967. The bulk of the contents are a set of typed sheets (including photocopies and computer printouts) titled Daily Data Sheets, Eltanin Cruise 31, which contain multiple tables. Sheets are dated 16 November to 18 December 1967. For the tables with the heading Eltanin Data Sheet, fields include time GMT, lat. N., long. W., true crs, kts spd, crs & spd changes, pit log, depth uncor fms, wind azm, wind kts, air temp C, dew pt C, sfc temp C, wave dir, swell dir, and swell ht ft. Other tables on the data sheets appear to be logs of research activities, with location as the heading and containing the following fields: event, institution, no., time, and remarks. Events include seismic profiling, plankton net, midwater trawl, and others. Other tables with the heading Surface Meteorological Observations - USWB include the following fields: time GMT, could cover, visibility, sl pressure, and remarks, clouds, weather. Stations referred to in the tables are numbered 1 through 28A (some stations are designated with an "A" after the number). Several of the stations are mapped on a nautical chart in the folder. Smithsonian Institution employees comprise the Marine Biology program on the personnel list of the cruise; they are Robert H. Gibbs, Edward Foss, Herbert Kumph, and Roland H. Brown.
- Date Range
- 1967
- Start Date
- 19671116
- End Date
- 19671218
- Alternate Title
- Eltanin 31 - SI
- Accession #
- SIA RU007220
- Data Source
- Field Book Registry
- No Image Available
[Trade catalogs from Clyde Iron Works, Inc.]
- Date
- 1900s
- Company Name
- Clyde Iron Works, Inc.
- Related companies
- Clyde Iron Works Sales Co. ; Clyde Equipment Co. ; Clyde Iron Works was sold to Barium Steel Corp. (Canton, OH) in 1944. In 1957 Clyde was a wholly owned subsidiary of Republic Industrial Corp. (New York, NY) ; Republic merged with Valley Mould and Iron Corp. in 1967. By 1969 the parent firm of Clyde Iron Works became Microdot, Inc. (Greenwich, CT) ; In 1973 it was sold to one of three manufacturing entities of AMCA International Corp. (Hanover, NH) (formerly known at Dombrico, Inc., a subsidiary of Dominion Bridge Co. of Montreal) who held the company until the 1975 purchase by National Iron Co. The Duluth operation closed in 1986 and was moved to St. Paul, MN and merged with the marine division of American Hoist & Derrick to become AmClyde ; see also DEMCO (Duluth Engineering & Mfg Co.). Source http://www.d.umn.edu/lib/collections/nemhc/guides/S2365.html (taken from the web 8/1/05)
- Record ID
- SILNMAHTL_11829
- Data source
- Smithsonian Institution Libraries
- No Image Available
[Trade catalogs from A. B. Farquhar Co., Ltd.]
- Date range
- 1800s-1900s
- Company Name
- A. B. Farquhar Co., Ltd.
- Related companies
- Portable Machinery Co.
- Record ID
- SILNMAHTL_14485
- Data source
- Smithsonian Institution Libraries
- No Image Available
[Trade catalogs from Pettibone Mulliken Co.]
- Date
- 1900s
- Variant company name
- Established 1880 ; Prior to WWII, this company was this company was a leading manufacturer of railroad track equipment such as such as frogs, crossings, and switches. After the war, it diversified and began to make construction and foundry equipment such as graders, lifts, and loaders. By 2000, Pettibone was based out of Des Plaines, Illinois, and manufactured construction, forestry, foundry, railroad, and scrap-processing equipment. http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/2810.html
- Company Name
- Pettibone Mulliken Co.
- Related companies
- Pettibone Corp.; Nucorp Inc. ; Hako Minuteman Inc.; in 1994 it was purchased by a privately owned holding company called Heico Corp. ; Today (9/2007) known as Pettibone LLC. ; Beardsley & Piper Co. ; PM subsidiaries included: George Haiss Mfg. Co. Inc. , Universal Engineering Corp. and Hammermills, Inc.
- Record ID
- SILNMAHTL_31440
- Data source
- Smithsonian Institution Libraries
- This record comes from another Smithsonian unit: Smithsonian Institution LibrariesNo Image Available
Discovery of Pulsations, Including Possible Pressure Modes, in Two New Extremely Low Mass, He-core White Dwarfs
- Citation
- The Astrophysical Journal, 765: 102
- Abstract
- We report the discovery of the second and third pulsating extremely low mass (ELM) white dwarfs (WDs), SDSS J111215.82+111745.0 (hereafter J1112) and SDSS J151826.68+065813.2 (hereafter J1518). Both have masses &sun; and effective temperatures below 10, 000 K, establishing these putatively He-core WDs as a cooler class of pulsating hydrogen-atmosphere WDs (DAVs, or ZZ Ceti stars). The short-period pulsations evidenced in the light curve of J1112 may also represent the first observation of acoustic (p-mode) pulsations in any WD, which provide an exciting opportunity to probe this WD in a complimentary way compared to the long-period g-modes that are also present. J1112 is a T eff =9590 ± 140 K and log g =6.36 ± 0.06 WD. The star displays sinusoidal variability at five distinct periodicities between 1792 and 2855 s. In this star, we also see short-period variability, strongest at 134.3 s, well short of the expected g-modes for such a low-mass WD. The other new pulsating WD, J1518, is a T eff =9900 ± 140 K and log g =6.80 ± 0.05 WD. The light curve of J1518 is highly non-sinusoidal, with at least seven significant periods between 1335 and 3848 s. Consistent with the expectation that ELM WDs must be formed in binaries, these two new pulsating He-core WDs, in addition to the prototype SDSS J184037.78+642312.3, have close companions. However, the observed variability is inconsistent with tidally induced pulsations and is so far best explained by the same hydrogen partial-ionization driving mechanism at work in classic C/O-core ZZ Ceti stars.
- doi
- 10.1088/0004-637X/765/2/102
- Year
- 2013
- Author
- Hermes, J. J.
- Montgomery, M. H.
- Winget, D. E.
- Brown, Warren R.
- Gianninas, A.
- Kilic, Mukremin
- Kenyon, Scott J.
- Bell, Keaton J.
- Harrold, Samuel T.
- Data source
- Smithsonian Institution Libraries
- This record comes from another Smithsonian unit: Smithsonian Institution LibrariesNo Image Available
Community Structure: Global Evaluation and the Role of within Community Beta-Diversity
- Citation
- Journal of Foraminiferal Research, 41(2): 138-154.
- Abstract
- Community structure is defined as the mathematical statistical distribution of the relative species abundance vector. Consideration of the decomposition equation for species richness, S, evenness, E, and the Shannon estimate of entropy or information, H, plus their respective regressions on the accumulation of the number of individuals, N, in a sample leads to the establishment of three structural types. Each type is defined by the slope, {beta}1H, of the regression H versus lnN and depends on the accumulation rate of species between samples (beta-diversity) in a community. These types are designated as 1) Type 0, where H is constant with the accumulation of lnN denoting equilibrium or stability (Log series is a special case); 2) Type 1, where the slope of H is positive with the accumulation of lnN denoting growth or expansion (Log normal is a special case); and 3) Type -1, where the slope of H is negative with the accumulation of lnN denoting decline, instability or stress. In this study, 72 communities were analyzed from environments ranging from marginal marine to the abyss. Only 10 communities are identified as type -1 with the majority of these at lower bathyal and abyssal depths. At abyssal depths the average {beta}1H is -0.057 and data from fossil communities in the Arctic indicate that this unstable, stressed situation has persisted for at least 50 ka. In the Gulf of Mexico at shelf depths, low values for {beta}1H are registered near the Mississippi delta. In contrast, the open-ocean east of New Zealand has an average {beta}1H of 0.227, the highest recorded. Among marginal marine environments an average {beta}1H of -0.030 was recorded in Long Island Sound before the collapse of that community. In contrast, the Indian River Lagoon, Florida had the highest {beta}1H for a marginal marine environment with an average value of 0.195. No simple invariant pattern between type 0 and type 1 communities is prevalent in any environment. Overall 31 communities are type 0 and 31 are type 1. In marginal marine environments (22 communities) the average value of {beta}1H is 0.092. In the open-ocean (50 communities) the average value of {beta}1H is 0.093. Evidently, for any group to remain highly successful on the average a slightly positive value of {beta}1H is required.
- Year
- 2011
- Author
- Buzas, Martin A.
- Hayek, Lee-Ann C.
- Data source
- Smithsonian Institution Libraries
- This record comes from another Smithsonian unit: Smithsonian Institution LibrariesNo Image Available
A Detection of an X-ray Wind and an Ionized Disk in the Chandra HETGS Observation of the Seyfert 2 Galaxy IRAS 18325-5926
- Citation
- The Astrophysical Journal, 729: 30
- Abstract
- We analyze the Chandra High Energy Transmission Grating Spectrometer observation of the Seyfert 2 AGN IRAS 18325-5926. We detect a v = -360+41 -66 km s-1 blueshifted ionized absorber in the X-ray spectrum, with photoionization parameter log ? = 2.0+0.1 -0.1 and hydrogen column density N H = 1.55+0.75 -0.38 × 1021 cm-2. The absorber may be a photoionized wind originating in the obscuring torus/global covering around the black hole or outer edge of the accretion disk. The estimated mass outflow rate suggests that the supermassive black hole in IRAS 18325-5926 may significantly affect the large-scale environment of the host galaxy, unless the solid angle subtended by the outflow or the gas filling factor is small. A second warm absorber may be needed to explain the absorption features in the vicinity of the iron K edge, although insufficient counts in the data beyond 7.0 keV make it difficult to assess the nature of the second absorber. Most plausible is a high ionization (log ? ~ 2.3 to 2.6), high column density (N H ~ 1023 cm-2) absorber with v ~ -3000 to 0 km s-1, although these parameters are not well constrained. We also examine the broad Fe K emission line in the spectrum, which is likely due to Fe XXV in a highly ionized accretion disk inclined at 25°, consistent with the XMM-Newton EPIC observations of the emission line. Because we are able to view both the obscuring gas and the accretion disk of IRAS 18325-5926, the surrounding gas of IRAS 18325-5926 may be patchy or we are viewing the system at an angle just grazing the obscuring torus.
- doi
- 10.1088/0004-637X/729/1/30
- Year
- 2011
- Author
- Mocz, Philip
- Lee, Julia C.
- Iwasawa, Kazushi
- Canizares, Claude R.
- Data source
- Smithsonian Institution Libraries