Natural Resources - Overview
The natural resources collections offer centuries of evidence about how Americans have used the bounty of the American continent and coastal waters. Artifacts related to flood control, dam construction, and irrigation illustrate the nation's attempts to manage the natural world. Oil-drilling, iron-mining, and steel-making artifacts show the connection between natural resources and industrial strength.
Forestry is represented by saws, axes, a smokejumper's suit, and many other objects. Hooks, nets, and other gear from New England fisheries of the late 1800s are among the fishing artifacts, as well as more recent acquisitions from the Pacific Northwest and Chesapeake Bay. Whaling artifacts include harpoons, lances, scrimshaw etchings in whalebone, and several paintings of a whaler's work at sea. The modern environmental movement has contributed buttons and other protest artifacts on issues from scenic rivers to biodiversity.
"Natural Resources - Overview" showing 247 items.
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Environmental Button
- Description
- The Healthy Harvest Society is a clearinghouse for information about organizations, groups, and individuals in the fields of sustainable agriculture and horticulture. It publishes a yearly directory and a geographical index of resources. The Society produced this button for the 20th anniversary of Earth Day, held in 1990.
- Date made
- 1990
- maker
- Adspecs Inc.
- ID Number
- 1992.3134.043
- catalog number
- 1992.3134.043
- nonaccession number
- 1992.3134
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History, Kenneth E. Behring Center
Environmental Button
- Description
- The universal symbol for recycling is shown on this button. The symbol, a mobius loop formed by three arrows, was designed as part of a contest in 1970 by University of Southern California student Gary Anderson.
- maker
- Badge-A-Minit
- ID Number
- 2003.0014.0273
- accession number
- 2003.0014
- catalog number
- 2003.0014.0273
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History, Kenneth E. Behring Center
Environmental Button
- Description
- Few episodes in United States history helped forge today’s culture of environmental awareness more than a controversial proposal to build dams within Grand Canyon National Park.
- The Grand Canyon’s unique beauty and immense scale have impressed generations of Americans, making the Northern Arizona landmark one of the nation’s most symbolically rich natural landscapes.
- The Canyon is formed by the Colorado River, a water system running from the Rocky Mountains into the Gulf of California. The Colorado is one of the largest sources of fresh water and hydro-electric power available to arid portions of the western United States. The river’s resources have been taxed by ever-increasing populations. Dams had already been built on much of the Colorado when the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation proposed erecting new dams within the Grand Canyon in the mid 1960s. The dams were proposed despite the Grand Canyon’s designation as a federally protected National Park (1919.)
- maker
- Big Ed's Buttons
- ID Number
- 2003.0014.0522
- accession number
- 2003.0014
- catalog number
- 2003.0014.0522
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History, Kenneth E. Behring Center
Environmental Button
- Description
- Water is one of our most precious natural resources. Having a ready supply of water for drinking and irrigation is of paramount concern to society. Water conservation is a great concern to those living in arid regions of the western United States, such as Nevada, where this button was produced.
- ID Number
- 2003.0014.0571
- catalog number
- 2003.0014.0571
- accession number
- 2003.0014
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History, Kenneth E. Behring Center
Environmental Button
- Description
- On March 24, 1989 the oil tanker Exxon Valdez ran aground in Prince William Sound, off the coast of Alaska. Almost 11 million gallons of crude oil spilled into the sea, the largest oil spill in United States history. The resulting oil slick contaminated 1,300 miles of coastline and killed over 200,000 sea birds and sea mammals such as otters, seals, and killer whales. The clean-up cost over 2.2 billion dollars.
- Environmental disasters are often used to galvanize public support for reform; the Exxon Valdez accident is a perfect example. This button was produced to commemorate the 10th anniversary of the event.
- maker
- Badge-A-Minit
- ID Number
- 2003.0014.0831
- accession number
- 2003.0014
- catalog number
- 2003.0014.0831
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History, Kenneth E. Behring Center
Environmental Button
- Description
- The California condor decreased in population steadily throughout the 20th century. In 1985 there were believed to be less than two dozen birds left in the wild. That year, the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service embarked upon a controversial program to collect the remaining California condors and breed them in captivity. Due to the success of the program, the condor population now reaches over 240 birds, with over 100 released into areas of California, Arizona and Baja, Mexico.
- maker
- Badge-A-Minit
- ID Number
- 2003.0014.0910
- accession number
- 2003.0014
- catalog number
- 2003.0014.0910
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History, Kenneth E. Behring Center
Environmental Button
- Description
- David Hill founded the Rare Animal Relief Effort (RARE), in 1973. RARE is well known for its “Save the Whales” campaigns and has helped to protect other at risk animal populations such as manatees and Saint Lucia parrots.
- ID Number
- 2003.0014.0968
- accession number
- 2003.0014
- catalog number
- 2003.0014.0968
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History, Kenneth E. Behring Center
Environmental Button
- Description
- The world’s oceans have been used by industry and governments for many years as a convenient sink for dumping waste products, including radioactive materials and other hazardous substances. Efforts to curb that practice intensified in the 1970s when international conventions attempted to tightly control or ban it outright.
- maker
- Donnelly/Colt Buttons
- ID Number
- 2003.0014.1118
- accession number
- 2003.0014
- catalog number
- 2003.0014.1118
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History, Kenneth E. Behring Center
Bryan Gravimeter
- Description
- Gravimeters (gravity meters) are extremely precise instruments that measure the earth’s gravity at a specific location. Gravimeters are often used by prospectors to locate subterranean deposits of valuable natural resources (mainly petroleum) as well as by geodesists to study the shape of the earth and its gravitational field. Differences in topography, latitude, or elevation—as well as differences in subterranean density—all affect the force of gravity. Commonly, gravimeters are composed of a weight hanging on a zero-length spring inside a metal housing to negate the influence of temperature and wind. Gravity is then measured by how much the weight stretches the spring.
- This gravimeter was built in 1938 under the direction of Andrew Bonnell Bryan (1897 1989), a Ph.D. physicist who served as Director of the Geophysics Division of the Carter Oil Co., in Tulsa, Oklahoma. Bryan described an earlier model at the 1937 meeting of the Society of Exploration Geophysicists, noting that it "was originally designed in the laboratories of the Humble Oil & Refining Company and is now being built and used by both Humble and Carter in slightly different forms." The gravimeter weighed 112 pounds, and could be "readily handled by two men." The Carter Oil Co. donated this instrument to the Smithsonian in 1959.
- Ref: F. G. Boucher to P. W. Bishop, August 6, 1959, in NMAH accession file.
- A. B. Bryan, "Gravimeter Design and Operation," Geophysics 2 (1937): 301-308.
- Location
- Currently not on view
- date made
- 1938
- maker
- Carter Oil Company
- ID Number
- AG*MHI-P-7658
- catalog number
- MHI-P-7658
- accession number
- 230569
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History, Kenneth E. Behring Center
North American Geophysical Gravimeter
- Description
- Gravimeters (gravity meters) are extremely precise instruments that measure the earth’s gravity at a specific location. Gravimeters are often used by prospectors to locate subterranean deposits of valuable natural resources (mainly petroleum) as well as by geodesists to study the shape of the earth and its gravitational field. Differences in topography, latitude, or elevation—as well as differences in subterranean density—all affect the force of gravity. Commonly, gravimeters are composed of a weight hanging on a zero-length spring inside a metal housing to negate the influence of temperature and wind. Gravity is then measured by how much the weight stretches the spring.
- This is an example of the gravimeter that the North American Geophysical Co. began advertising in 1945. It has a LaCoste-type zero-length spring, and a null system with a beam support. It is buoyancy compensated and, when new, accurate to within .01 of a milligal. It is read by microscope. It weighs 28 lbs. This particular unit was probably made sometime after 1950 when Reginald C. Sweet obtained a patent (#2,523,075) and assigned it to the North American Geophysical Co. Robert M. Iverson donated it to the Smithsonian in 1967.
- Ref: G. E. Sweet, The History of Geophysical Prospecting (Los Angeles, 1966).
- L. L. Nettleton, Gravity and Magnetics in Oil Prospecting (New York, 1976), p.62.
- Advertisements for North American gravimeters in Geophysics 11 (1946): 28; 14 (1949): 62; and 16 (1951): 28.
- maker
- North American Geophysical Co.
- ID Number
- AG*MHI-P-9376
- catalog number
- MHI-P-9376
- accession number
- 281132
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History, Kenneth E. Behring Center
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