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Hillotype, print of nude woman sleeping under tree
- Description
- The Photographic History Collection at the National Museum of American History holds an extraordinary series of early color photographs: sixty-two color daguerreotype plates made by Rev. Levi L. Hill in the early 1850s in Westkill, Greene County, New York. This is the world's largest collection of Heliochromy, a rare early color photographic process based on silver chloride.
- Hill’s color process was extremely complex, consisting of coating a daguerreotype plate with multiple layers of a compound of different metals that reacted to the different colors in the spectrum. The achievement of inventing a color photographic process in 1850 was even more remarkable considering that Hill was not trained as a scientist and lived in a very remote area of New York State.
- Yet Hill was undisputably an important figure in the early history of American photography, an entrepreneur and an enthusiastic innovator. He wrote the first, and one of the best, manuals on daguerreotypy, "A Treatise on Daguerreotype" in 1850; and in 1856 he wrote the first manual on color photography, "Treatise on Heliochromy", which includes a description of his experiments and an overview of all the means of chemically producing pictures in natural colors with light.
- Among important works by Hill are many daguerreotype photographs of European color prints, and art reproductions such as this Hillotype copying a print of a nude woman resting under a tree. X-ray analysis of this Hillotype shows an unidentified organic dye and varnish applied to the plate after production.
- date made
- ca 1850s-1860s
- maker
- Hill, Levi
- ID Number
- PG*3999.56
- catalog number
- 3999.56
- accession number
- 125759
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History, Kenneth E. Behring Center
Hillotype, print of nude woman in woods
- Description
- The Photographic History Collection at the National Museum of American History holds an extraordinary series of early color photographs: sixty-two color daguerreotype plates made by Rev. Levi L. Hill in the early 1850s in Westkill, Greene County, New York. This is the world's largest collection of Heliochromy, a rare early color photographic process based on silver chloride.
- Hill’s color process was extremely complex, consisting of coating a daguerreotype plate with multiple layers of a compound of different metals that reacted to the different colors in the spectrum. The achievement of inventing a color photographic process in 1850 was even more remarkable considering that Hill was not trained as a scientist and lived in a very remote area of New York State.
- Yet Hill was undisputably an important figure in the early history of American photography, an entrepreneur and an enthusiastic innovator. He wrote the first, and one of the best, manuals on daguerreotypy, "A Treatise on Daguerreotype" in 1850; and in 1856 he wrote the first manual on color photography, "Treatise on Heliochromy", which includes a description of his experiments and an overview of all the means of chemically producing pictures in natural colors with light.
- Among the important works by Hill are many daguerreotype photographs of European color prints, and art reproductions such as this Hillotype copying a print of a nude woman sitting partially draped among trees. X-ray analysis of this Hillotype shows iron and chromium pigments hand-applied to the green areas of this plate after production.
- Location
- Currently not on view
- Date made
- ca 1850s-1860s
- maker
- Hill, Levi
- ID Number
- PG*3999.57
- accession number
- 125759
- catalog number
- 3999.57
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History, Kenneth E. Behring Center
Hillotype, print of two birds
- Description
- The Photographic History Collection at the National Museum of American History holds an extraordinary series of early color photographs: sixty-two color daguerreotype plates made by Rev. Levi L. Hill in the early 1850s in Westkill, Greene County, New York. This is the world's largest collection of Heliochromy, a rare early color photographic process based on silver chloride.
- Hill’s color process was extremely complex, consisting of coating a daguerreotype plate with multiple layers of a compound of different metals that reacted to the different colors in the spectrum. The achievement of inventing a color photographic process in 1850 was even more remarkable considering that Hill was not trained as a scientist and lived in a very remote area of New York State.
- Yet Hill was undisputably an important figure in the early history of American photography, an entrepreneur and an enthusiastic innovator. He wrote the first, and one of the best, manuals on daguerreotypy, "A Treatise on Daguerreotype" in 1850; and in 1856 he wrote the first manual on color photography, "Treatise on Heliochromy", which includes a description of his experiments and an overview of all the means of chemically producing pictures in natural colors with light.
- Among important works by Hill are many daguerreotype photographs of European color prints, and art reproductions such as this Hillotype copying a print of two birds. X-ray analysis of this Hillotype shows iron pigment hand-applied to the yellow areas of the bird on this plate after production.
- date made
- ca 1850s-1860s
- maker
- Hill, Levi
- ID Number
- PG*3999.58
- catalog number
- 3999.58
- accession number
- 125759
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History, Kenneth E. Behring Center
Hillotype Color Daguerreotype
- Description
- The Photographic History Collection at the National Museum of American History holds an extraordinary series of early color photographs: sixty-two color daguerreotype plates made by Rev. Levi L. Hill in the early 1850s in Westkill, Greene County, New York. This is the world's largest collection of Heliochromy, a rare early color photographic process based on silver chloride.
- Hill's color process was extremely complex, consisting of coating a daguerreotype plate with multiple layers of a compound of different metals that reacted to the different colors in the spectrum. The achievement of inventing a color photographic process in 1850 was even more remarkable considering that Hill was not trained as a scientist and lived in a very remote area of New York State.
- Yet Hill was undisputably an important figure in the early history of American photography, an entrepreneur and an enthusiastic innovator. He wrote the first, and one of the best, manuals on daguerreotypy, "A Treatise on Daguerreotype" in 1850; and in 1856 he wrote the first manual on color photography, "Treatise on Heliochromy", which includes a description of his experiments and an overview of all the means of chemically producing pictures in natural colors with light.
- Among pieces of importance by Hill are many daguerreotype photographs of illustrations such as this image of the leaves of a plant.
- Location
- Currently not on view
- Date made
- ca 1850s-1860s
- maker
- Hill, Levi
- ID Number
- PG*3999.60
- accession number
- 125759
- catalog number
- 3999.60
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History, Kenneth E. Behring Center
Hillotype, print of woman wearing hat
- Description
- The Photographic History Collection at the National Museum of American History holds an extraordinary series of early color photographs: sixty-two color daguerreotype plates made by Rev. Levi L. Hill in the early 1850s in Westkill, Greene County, New York. This is the world's largest collection of Heliochromy, a rare early color photographic process based on silver chloride.
- Hill’s color process was extremely complex, consisting of coating a daguerreotype plate with multiple layers of a compound of different metals that reacted to the different colors in the spectrum. The achievement of inventing a color photographic process in 1850 was even more remarkable considering that Hill was not trained as a scientist and lived in a very remote area of New York State.
- Yet Hill was undisputably an important figure in early history of American photography, an entrepreneur and an enthusiastic innovator. He wrote the first, and one of the best, manuals on daguerreotypy, "A Treatise on Daguerreotype" in 1850; and in 1856 he wrote the first manual on color photography, "Treatise on Heliochromy", which includes a description of his experiments and an overview of all the means of chemically producing pictures in natural colors with light.
- Among the important works by Hill are many daguerreotype photographs of European color prints, and art reproductions such as this Hillotype copying a print of a bust-length portrait of woman wearing a hat. X-ray analysis of this deteriorated Hillotype shows iron and chromium pigments in the blue areas, and bismuth pigment hand-applied to the yellow areas of this plate.
- date made
- ca 1850s-1860s
- maker
- Hill, Levi
- ID Number
- PG*3999.61
- catalog number
- 3999.61
- accession number
- 125759
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History, Kenneth E. Behring Center
Hillotype, landscape of Prattsville, New York
- Description
- The Photographic History Collection at the National Museum of American History holds an extraordinary series of early color photographs: sixty-two color daguerreotype plates made by Rev. Levi L. Hill in the early 1850s in Westkill, Greene County, New York. Included is this image of buildings in the town. This unique collection remains as evidence of the “Hillotypes” made and experiments conducted by Hill to produce photographs with natural colors. No greater controversy has ever appeared in the history of photography. Approximately 60 related articles appeared in journals between 1851 and 1856, as the photography community awaited the details on just how to produce a “Hillotype.”
- Notable scientists and daguerreotypists such as Samuel F. B. Morse, Marcus A. Root, John A. Whipple, and Jeremiah Gurney wrote public testimonials to the importance of Hill’s work. But Hill refused to show his pictures immediately after his announcement of success in 1850, and would not disclose the process before it was patented. This caused impatience among fellow photographers. Hill was called an imposter. Journal articles pointed to daguerreotype photographers losing much business while patrons refrained from getting their photographic portraits made, waiting to be photographed in color.
- Many photographers felt duped by Hill’s motives, advertising, and requests for more time to perfect his color process. Hillotypes were continually dismissed or denounced as fraudulent even long after Hill’s death. But x-ray and infrared studies of the Smithsonian’s unique collection of Hillotypes in 2007 proved that many of these images demonstrate true natural color photography.
- Hill probably photographed this landscape view while overlooking Prattsville, New York, a Catskill Mountain town several miles from where he lived and served as minister of a Baptist church. Hudson River artist Asher B. Durand painted a similar view of Prattsville.
- Location
- Currently not on view
- Date made
- ca 1850s-1860s
- maker
- Hill, Levi
- ID Number
- PG*3999.65
- accession number
- 125759
- catalog number
- 3999.65
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History, Kenneth E. Behring Center
Evelyn Nesbit
- Description
- Rudolf Eickemeyer Jr. started taking photographs in 1884 while working at his father's engineering firm. In 1889, he joined the local camera club in Yonkers, New York, and began contributing articles on photographic chemistry, lighting, and technique to journals like the Photographic Times. He turned professional in 1896, relying on commercial work for financial support while continuing to develop his skills as an art photographer. Eickemeyer gained critical acclaim in America and Europe for his landscape and portrait photography.
- In 1901, Eickemeyer was hired by architect Stanford White to photograph Evelyn Nesbit, an aspiring model and performer. The resulting images helped establish Nesbit's career and are among the most recognized of Eickemeyer's body of work.
- Shortly before his death in 1932, Eickemeyer endowed a fund for the development of the Smithsonian's Section of Photography and donated a large portion of his personal collection.
- Date made
- 1901
- depicted
- Nesbit, Evelyn
- commissioned the portrait
- White, Stanford
- maker
- Eickemeyer, Jr., Rudolf
- ID Number
- PG*4135.B5.24
- accession number
- 128483
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History, Kenneth E. Behring Center
Auto-Graflex Camera in Underwater Housing
- Description
- This underwater camera housing holds an Auto-Graflex 4x5” camera body. It was first used by W.H. Longley of Goucher College in 1918. Longley later teamed with Charles Martin of the National Geographic Society to take the first underwater color autochrome photographs with this outfit. The team exploded a pound of flash powder, floated on three pontoons, and used a reflector to take pictures off Dry Tortugas, Florida. A selection of the photographs and the story were published in National Geographic Magazine in January 1927.
- From its invention in 1839, the camera has evolved to fit many needs, from aerial to underwater photography and everything in between. Cameras allow both amateur and professional photographers to capture the world around us. The Smithsonian’s historic camera collection includes rare and unique examples of equipment, and popular models, related to the history of the science, technology, and art of photography.
- Location
- Currently not on view
- date made
- 1918
- maker
- Eastman Kodak Company. Folmer & Schwing Division
- ID Number
- PG*4199A
- catalog number
- 4199A
- accession number
- 157518
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History, Kenneth E. Behring Center
Four-Lens Tintype Camera
- Description
- This four-lens, wooden bellows tintype camera was used for studio portrait photography in the 1860s during the Civil War era. Tintypes were popular inexpensive photographs made on coated iron metal plates and usually placed in individual cases for customers. Studio and traveling photographers were making tintypes in America from the mid-1850s to the early decades of the twentieth century. This camera could make up to four identical images in one portrait sitting.
- From its invention in 1839, the camera has evolved to fit many needs, from aerial to underwater photography and everything in between. Cameras allow both amateur and professional photographers to capture the world around us. The Smithsonian’s historic camera collection includes rare and unique examples of equipment, and popular models, related to the history of the science, technology, and art of photography.
- Location
- Currently not on view
- date made
- ca 1860s
- ID Number
- PG*4268D
- accession number
- 164051
- catalog number
- 4268D
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History, Kenneth E. Behring Center
American Optical 4x5 Dry Plate Camera
- Description
- This American Optical Company camera was made by Scovill Manufacturing Company, New York, circa 1884. It is a wooden bellows 4 x 5” plate view camera for use on a camera stand or field tripod. Photographers used the wet-plate collodion process to prepare glass plates, inserting each into a plate holder before attaching to the camera back. Once the image was exposed through the lens to the glass plate, photographers needed to quickly develop and fix the photograph in the darkroom, readying for making paper prints.
- From its invention in 1839, the camera has evolved to fit many needs, from aerial to underwater photography and everything in between. Cameras allow both amateur and professional photographers to capture the world around us. The Smithsonian’s historic camera collection includes rare and unique examples of equipment, and popular models, related to the history of the science, technology, and art of photography.
- Location
- Currently not on view
- date made
- 1884
- maker
- American Optical Company
- ID Number
- PG*4626A
- accession number
- 183884
- catalog number
- 4626A
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History, Kenneth E. Behring Center