Religion

One hallmark of the American experience captured in the Museum's collections is the nation's broad diversity of religious faiths. Artifacts range from Thomas Jefferson's Bible to a huge "Sunstone" sculpture carved for a Mormon temple in Illinois in 1844 to a household shrine from the home of a Pueblo Indian in the 1990s. Furniture, musical instruments, clothing, cooking ware, and thousands of prints and figures in the collections have all played roles in the religious lives of Americans. The most comprehensive collections include artifacts from Jewish and Christian European Americans, Catholic Latinos, Protestant Arab Americans, Buddhist and Christian Asian Pacific Americans, and Protestant African Americans. One notable group is the Vidal Collection of carved figures known as santos and other folk religious material from the practice of Santeria in Puerto Rico.

Currently not on view
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1996
ID Number
1996.0198.01
accession number
1996.0198
catalog number
1996.0198.01
Currently not on view
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1996
ID Number
1997.0343.01
accession number
1997.0343
catalog number
1997.0343.01
Currently not on view
Location
Currently not on view
Date made
1990
manufacturer
Sanmyro
maker
Sanmyro
ID Number
1991.0717.05
catalog number
1991.0717.05
accession number
1991.0717
Currently not on view
Location
Currently not on view
Date made
1991
ID Number
1991.3125.02
catalog number
1991.3125.02
nonaccession number
1991.3125
Currently not on view
Location
Currently not on view
Date made
1991
depicted
Santa Clara
maker
unknown
ID Number
1991.3125.05
catalog number
1991.3125.05
nonaccession number
1991.3125
The Virgin of Guadalupe is a symbol of religious faith and nationhood. As the patron saint of Mexico, she was among the first manifestations of the Virgin Mary in the newly colonized Americas.
Description
The Virgin of Guadalupe is a symbol of religious faith and nationhood. As the patron saint of Mexico, she was among the first manifestations of the Virgin Mary in the newly colonized Americas. In a country that has historically been divided in many ways—regionally, ethnically, linguistically, and economically—the Virgin of Guadalupe brings together all Mexicans, north and south of the border. It is no coincidence that many of her devotees see their indigenous heritage reflected in her brown skin—according to tradition, she first appeared to an indigenous Mexican, Juan Diego Cuauhtlatoatzin, in 1531. Not coincidentally, the site of her appearance, a hill in Mexico City, had been a recently destroyed temple to the Aztec earth goddess, Tonatzin. While echoing the pre-Hispanic past, the Virgin of Guadalupe is an emblem of unity and perseverance that has been invoked in struggles ranging from the Mexican War of Independence (1810-1821) to the organizing and activism of the United Farm Workers of America in the 1960s and 1970s. This image is taken from a paño made by Walter Baca in 1991. Paños are graphic art works designed on handkerchiefs by Chicano prisoners in California, Texas, and the Southwest.
Description (Spanish)
La Virgen de Guadalupe es un símbolo de la fe religiosa y de la nacionalidad. Como patrona de México, se cuenta entre las primeras manifestaciones de la Virgen María en la recién colonizada América. En un país que tradicionalmente se ha visto dividido de tantas maneras—en los aspectos regionales, étnicos, lingüísticos y económicos—la Virgen de Guadalupe es un elemento que une a todos los mexicanos, al norte y sur de la frontera. Muchos devotos perciben su herencia indígena reflejada en la piel morena de la virgen—según cuenta la tradición, la virgen se le apareció por primera vez a un mexicano nativo, Juan Diego Cuauhtlatoatzin, en 1531. No es coincidencia que el sitio de su aparición fuera una colina en la ciudad de México en la que recientemente había sido destruido un templo de la diosa azteca de la tierra, Tonatzin. En la Virgen de Guadalupe convergen resonancias del pasado prehispánico con el emblema de la unidad y la perseverancia que han sido invocados en las luchas que se remontan desde la Guerra de la Independencia mexicana (1810-1821) hasta la organización y activismo del Sindicato de Trabajadores Agrícolas de América entre las décadas de 1960 y 1970. Esta imagen se ha extraído de un paño diseñado por Walter Baca en 1991. Los paños son obras de arte gráfico diseñadas sobre pañuelos por los prisioneros chicanos en California, Texas y el sudoeste.
Location
Currently not on view
Date made
1991
artist
Baca, Walter
ID Number
1991.0431.02
catalog number
1991.0431.02
accession number
1991.0431
Currently not on view
Location
Currently not on view
Date made
1991
ID Number
1991.3196.01
catalog number
1991.3196.01
nonaccession number
1991.3196
Currently not on view
Location
Currently not on view
Date made
1990-04-27
artist
Jones, Anita Romero
maker
Jones, Anita Romero
ID Number
1990.0664.06
catalog number
1990.0664.06
accession number
1990.0664
Currently not on view
Location
Currently not on view
Date made
1990-04-06
artist
Tapia, Luis
maker
Tapia, Luis
ID Number
1990.0664.07
catalog number
1990.0664.07
accession number
1990.0664
Currently not on view
Location
Currently not on view
Date made
1990
depicted
Virgin of Guadalupe
ID Number
1991.0773.01
catalog number
1991.0773.01
accession number
1991.0773
Currently not on view
Location
Currently not on view
Date made
1992
1600 - 1699
maker, modifier
Smithsonian Institution Office of Exhibits Central
ID Number
1992.3126.63
catalog number
1992.3126.63
nonaccession number
1992.3126
Currently not on view
Location
Currently not on view
Date made
1990-02-15
artist
Carrillo, Charles
depicted
Adam
Eve
maker
Carrillo, Charles
ID Number
1990.0664.02
catalog number
1990.0664.02
accession number
1990.0664
Currently not on view
Location
Currently not on view
Date made
1992
1900 - 1699
maker, modifier
Smithsonian Institution Office of Exhibits Central
ID Number
1992.3126.64
catalog number
1992.3126.64
nonaccession number
1992.3126
Date made
1990
depicted
Abraham
Job
Isaac
sculptor
Sandoval, Juan
ID Number
1991.0880.01
catalog number
1991.0880.01.a
accession number
1991.0880
Currently not on view
Location
Currently not on view
Date made
1990-05-25
depicted
Saint Anthony of Padua
artist
Lopez, Feliz
maker
Lopez, Felix
ID Number
1990.0664.03
catalog number
1990.0664.03
accession number
1990.0664
Currently not on view
Location
Currently not on view
Date made
1991
ID Number
1991.3194.01
catalog number
1991.3194.01
nonaccession number
1991.3194
Currently not on view
Location
Currently not on view
Date made
1992
ca. 1992
associated dates
1992 00 00 / 1992 00 00
user
Malinche dancer
maker
unknown
ID Number
1992.3099.03
catalog number
1992.3099.03
nonaccession number
1992.3099
Currently not on view
Location
Currently not on view
Date made
1990-03-14
artist
Lopez, Ramon Jose
maker
Lopez, Ramon Jose
ID Number
1990.0664.04
catalog number
1990.0664.04
accession number
1990.0664
La Llorona, or the Weeping Woman, is the frightening figure of a heartbroken woman who drowned her children and haunts the night, especially by riversides.
Description
La Llorona, or the Weeping Woman, is the frightening figure of a heartbroken woman who drowned her children and haunts the night, especially by riversides. Her story is repeated to children throughout Latin America, with numerous versions circulating throughout Mexico and the American Southwest. She has been identified as the Aztec goddess Coatlicue, who, according to one legend, was heard weeping for her Aztec children on the eve of the Spanish conquest. Some identify her as the damned ghost of a poor woman from Ciudad Juárez, who stabbed her children and disposed of them in the Rio Grande in order to win the affection of a wealthy man. According to another legend, La Llorona is actually La Malinche, the crucial interpreter and lover of Hernán Cortés. After the fall of the Aztec capital, and having borne Cortés's first son, La Malinche was replaced by Cortés's first wife (who had been awaiting him in Cuba) and was hastily married off to one of his Spanish companions. La Malinche and La Llorona, whether considered as overlapping or totally separate figures, reappear frequently in Mexican popular culture, north and south of the border.
Description (Spanish)
La Llorona es la aterradora figura de una mujer acongojada de dolor que ahogó a sus hijos y desde entonces acecha por las noches, especialmente a orillas del río. Existen numerosas versiones de este cuento que se narra a los niños en Latinoamérica, circulando por todo México y el sudoeste americano. Se ha identificado al personaje como a la diosa azteca Coatlicue, a quien según cuenta la leyenda, se la escuchaba llorar por sus hijos aztecas en vísperas de la conquista española. Algunos la identifican como el fantasma condenado de una mujer pobre de Ciudad Juárez, quien apuñaló a sus hijos y los arrojó al río a fin de conquistar el amor de un hombre rico. De acuerdo a otra leyenda, La Llorona es en realidad la figura clave de La Malinche, intérprete y amante de Hernán Cortés. Después de la caída de la capital azteca, y habiendo dado a luz al primer hijo de Cortés, éste reemplazó a La Malinche por su primera esposa (quien lo había estado esperando en Cuba) y la casó precipitadamente con uno de sus compañeros españoles. La Malinche y La Llorona, ya sea que se las considere figuras superpuestas o totalmente separadas, reaparecen frecuentemente en la cultura popular mexicana, al norte y sur de la frontera.
Location
Currently not on view
Date made
ca 1990 - 1991
maker
McFall, Jo Anne
ID Number
1991.0859.04
catalog number
1991.0859.04
accession number
1991.0859
Currently not on view
Location
Currently not on view
Date made
1991
ID Number
1991.0386.01
catalog number
1991.0386.01
accession number
1991.0386
Currently not on view
Location
Currently not on view
Date made
1990
ID Number
1991.0717.03
catalog number
1991.0717.03
accession number
1991.0717
Date made
1991
associated dates
1991 10 00 / 1991 10 00
ID Number
1991.3184.01
catalog number
1991.3184.01
nonaccession number
1991.3184
Currently not on view
Location
Currently not on view
Date made
1991
maker
Lopez, Jose Ramon
Lopez, Jose Ramon
ID Number
1991.0772.01
catalog number
1991.0772.01
accession number
1991.0772
Currently not on view
Location
Currently not on view
Date made
1990
depicted
Saint Anthony
Jesus Christ
manufacturer
Reed Candle Company
maker
Reed Candle Company
ID Number
1991.0718.01
catalog number
1991.0718.01
accession number
1991.0718

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