Science & Mathematics

The Museum's collections hold thousands of objects related to chemistry, biology, physics, astronomy, and other sciences. Instruments range from early American telescopes to lasers. Rare glassware and other artifacts from the laboratory of Joseph Priestley, the discoverer of oxygen, are among the scientific treasures here. A Gilbert chemistry set of about 1937 and other objects testify to the pleasures of amateur science. Artifacts also help illuminate the social and political history of biology and the roles of women and minorities in science.

The mathematics collection holds artifacts from slide rules and flash cards to code-breaking equipment. More than 1,000 models demonstrate some of the problems and principles of mathematics, and 80 abstract paintings by illustrator and cartoonist Crockett Johnson show his visual interpretations of mathematical theorems.

Currently not on view
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1943-09-20
ID Number
AG.A.7591
accession number
198812
catalog number
A.7591
The discovery of nuclear fission in uranium, announced in 1939, allowed physicists to advance with confidence in the project of creating "trans-uranic" elements - artificial ones that would lie in the periodic table beyond uranium, the last and heaviest nucleus known in nature.
Description
The discovery of nuclear fission in uranium, announced in 1939, allowed physicists to advance with confidence in the project of creating "trans-uranic" elements - artificial ones that would lie in the periodic table beyond uranium, the last and heaviest nucleus known in nature. The technique was simply to bombard uranium with neutrons. Some of the uranium nuclei would undergo fission, newly understood phenomenon, and split violently into two pieces. In other cases, however, a uranium-238 nucleus (atomic number 92) would quietly absorb a neutron, becoming a nucleus of uranium-239, which in turn would soon give off a beta-particle and become what is now called neptunium-239 (atomic number 93). After another beta decay it would become Element 94 (now plutonium-239)
By the end of 1940, theoretical physicists had predicted that this last substance, like uranium, would undergo fission, and therefore might be used to make a nuclear reactor or bomb. Enrico Fermi asked Emilio Segre to use the powerful new 60-inch cyclotron at the University of California at Berkeley to bombard uranium with slow neutrons and create enough plutonium-239 to test it for fission. Segre teamed up with Glenn T. Seaborg, Joseph W. Kennedy, and Arthur C. Wahl in January 1941 and set to work.
They carried out the initial bombardment on March 3-6, then, using careful chemical techniques, isolated the tiny amount (half a microgram) of plutonium generated. They put it on a platinum disc, called "Sample A," and on March 28 bombarded it with slow neutrons to test for fission. As expected, it proved to be fissionable - even more than U-235. To allow for more accurate measurements, they purified Sample A and deposited it on another platinum disc, forming the "Sample B" here preserved. Measurements taken with it were reported in a paper submitted to the Physical Review on May 29, 1941, but kept secret until 1946. (The card in the lid of the box bears notes from a couple of months later.)
After the summer of 1941, this particular sample was put away and almost forgotten, but the research that began with it took off in a big way. Crash programs for the production and purification of plutonium began at Berkeley and Chicago, reactors to make plutonium were built at Hanford, Washington, and by 1945 the Manhattan Project had designed and built a plutonium atomic bomb. The first one was tested on July 16, 1945 in the world's first nuclear explosion, and the next was used in earnest over Nagasaki. (The Hiroshima bomb used U-235.)
Why is our plutonium sample in a cigar box? G.N. Lewis, a Berkeley chemist, was a great cigar smoker, and Seaborg, his assistant, made it a habit to grab his boxes as they became empty, to use for storing things. In this case, it was no doubt important to keep the plutonium undisturbed and uncontaminated, on the one hand, but also, on the other hand, to make it possible for its weak radiations to pass directly into instruments - not through the wall of some closed container. Such considerations, combined probably with an awareness of the historic importance of the sample, brought about the storage arrangement we see.
Location
Currently not on view
Date made
1941-05-21
Associated Date
1941-05-29
referenced
Segre, Emilio
Seaborg, Glenn T.
Kennedy, Joseph W.
Wahl, Arthur C.
Lewis, G. N.
University of California, Berkeley
maker
Segre, Emilio
Seaborg, Glenn
ID Number
EM.N-09384
catalog number
N-09384
accession number
272669
H. Joseph Gerber founded the Gerber Scientific Company in Hartford, Connecticut in 1948 to help produce his scientific instruments, especially the Gerber Variable Scale.
Description
H. Joseph Gerber founded the Gerber Scientific Company in Hartford, Connecticut in 1948 to help produce his scientific instruments, especially the Gerber Variable Scale. In later years the company produced a wide array of equipment including computer controlled fabric cutter and precision lens grinding equipment. The Gerber Variable Scale was a mechanical computational device that consisted of two springs that expanded and contracted together to give proportional scales. These scales were used to multiply curves by constants and perform computations on graphs and curves to help reduce oscillograph and telemetry data. This is an early model variable scale made in the late 1940's, given to Eddie Gipstein—Gerber's first employee—as a going away present when he took a new job. The mathematics collection in the Division of Medicine and Science contains many more examples of scale rules, and the Archives Center has a large Gerber collection.
Location
Currently not on view (case)
date made
ca 1946
ID Number
1994.3104.01
nonaccession number
1994.3104
catalog number
1994.3104.01
Taking a long, thin rectangle and attaching the short sides with a half-twist produces a surface called a Moebius band.
Description
Taking a long, thin rectangle and attaching the short sides with a half-twist produces a surface called a Moebius band. It has neither inside nor outside (that is to say, it is non-orientable), and has only one boundary component—tracing starting from one point on the edge takes one around both long edges of the rectangle. For most closed polyhedra, the Euler characteristic of the polyhedron, which equals the number of vertices, minus the number of edges, plus the number of faces the number, is 2. For a Moebius band, it is 0.
This model is an immersion of a Moebius band into three-dimensional space. That is, the surface passes through itself along certain lines. The model is dissected into three triangles and three four-sided figures (quadrilaterals). The triangles (colored black) have angles of 36, 72, and 72 degrees. The pass-through lines of the immersion meet the triangles only at their vertices. The quadrilaterals (colored yellow) are in the shape of isosceles trapezoids, and the diagonals of the trapezoids are the pass-through lines of the immersion. These diagonals divide a trapezoid into four regions. The region that abuts the longer parallel side of the trapezoid is visible from the front side of the model, and the regions that abut the non-parallel sides are hidden. One third of each of the regions abutting the shorter parallel sides of the trapezoids is visible. The boundary edge of the model is an equilateral triangle consisting of the longest sides of the three trapezoids.
Figure 1 is a rendering of the model with vertices (six), edges (twelve), and faces (six) labeled. Contrary to appearances, the edge labeled e4 separates T1 from Q3, the edge labeled e10 separates T1 from Q1, and the edge labeled e5 separates T1 from Q2, and similarly for the other two triangles. Each triangle shares one edge with each quadrilateral, and each quadrilateral has one edge along the boundary of the model and one edge in common with each triangle.
Figure 2 shows a rectangle that can be made into a Moebius band by identifying the vertical edges with a half-twist. The rectangle is dissected into three triangles and three quadrilaterals with the same pattern as this model. There is little distortion of T1 and Q1. T2 is only slightly distorted. However T2, Q2, and Q3 are required to go out one end and come back in the other.
Compare 1979.0102.416 (which has a full discussion of the surface), 1979.0102.197, 1979.0102.198, 1979.0102.199, 1979.0102.200, and MA.304723.718.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
ca 1940
maker
Wheeler, Albert Harry
ID Number
MA.304723.416
accession number
304723
catalog number
304723.416
Currently not on view
Location
Currently not on view
Date made
1946
ID Number
AG.A.7554
accession number
198812
catalog number
A.7554
Currently not on view
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1940-04-15
ID Number
AG.A.7552
catalog number
A.7552
accession number
198812
Currently not on view
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1940
ID Number
AG.A.7593
accession number
198812
catalog number
A.7593
Working at the Lamont Geological Observatory, a Columbia University facility in Palisades, N.Y., Frank Press and his mentor, Maurice Ewing, developed seismometers that responded to surface waves of long-period and small-amplitude, whether caused by explosions or by earthquakes.
Description
Working at the Lamont Geological Observatory, a Columbia University facility in Palisades, N.Y., Frank Press and his mentor, Maurice Ewing, developed seismometers that responded to surface waves of long-period and small-amplitude, whether caused by explosions or by earthquakes. The first long-period vertical seismometer at Lamont came to public attention in early 1953 with news that it had recorded waves from a large earthquake that had recently occurred at Kamchatka, in the Soviet Union. A painting of a subsequent but similar Lamont instrument appeared on the cover of Scientific American in March 1959.
This example was made for the World Wide Standard Seismological Network. Established in 1961, the WWSSN was designed to detect underground nuclear tests and generate valuable information about the earth’s interior and its dynamic processes. The WWSSN was a key component of VELA Uniform, a Cold War project that was funded by the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA), a branch of the Department of Defense. It was managed by the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey and then by the U.S. Geological Survey. That agency transferred this instrument to the Smithsonian in 1999.
Each of the 120 WWSSN stations had an instrument of this sort. This example was used in Junction City, Tex. It would have been linked to a matched galvanometer (such as 1999.0275.09) and a photographic drum recorder (such as 1999.0275.10). The “Sprengnether Instrument Co.” signature refers to a small shop in St. Louis, Mo., that specialized in seismological apparatus.
Like other long-period vertical seismometers developed at Lamont, this one was built around a “zero-length spring” of the sort that had been proposed in 1934 by Lucien LaCoste, a graduate student in physics at the University of Texas, and later incorporated into the gravity meters manufactured by LaCoste & Romberg.
Ref: United States Coast and Geodetic Survey, Instrumentation of the World-Wide Seismograph System, Model 10700 (Washington, D.C., 1962)
Ta-Liang Teng, “Seismic Instrumentation,” in Methods of Experimental Physics, vol. 24 part B, Geophysics (1987), pp. 56-58.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1961-1962
maker
W. F. Sprengnether Instrument Co.
ID Number
1999.0275.03
catalog number
1999.0275.03
accession number
1999.0275
Currently not on view
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1944-10-12
ID Number
AG.A.7589
catalog number
A.7589
accession number
198812
Currently not on view
Location
Currently not on view
Date made
1944
ID Number
AG.A.7601
accession number
198812
catalog number
A.7601
Currently not on view
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1945
ID Number
AG.A.7555
catalog number
A.7555
accession number
198812
Currently not on view
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1943-03-13
ID Number
AG.A.7596
accession number
198812
catalog number
A.7596
Currently not on view
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1943-02-12
ID Number
AG.A.7553
accession number
198812
catalog number
A.7553
Currently not on view
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1944-10-17
ID Number
AG.A.7588
accession number
198812
catalog number
A.7588
Working at the Lamont Geological Observatory, a Columbia University facility in Palisades, N.Y., Frank Press and his mentor, Maurice Ewing, designed seismometers that responded to surface waves of long-period and small-amplitude whether caused by explosions or by earthquakes.
Description
Working at the Lamont Geological Observatory, a Columbia University facility in Palisades, N.Y., Frank Press and his mentor, Maurice Ewing, designed seismometers that responded to surface waves of long-period and small-amplitude whether caused by explosions or by earthquakes. Their horizontal seismometer was of the “garden-gate” form: here, the horizontal boom attaches to the lower end of a vertical post, and a diagonal wire extends from the upper end of the post to the outer end of the boom. The first example was installed in 1953.
This example was made for the World Wide Standard Seismological Network. Established in 1961, the WWSSN was designed to detect underground nuclear tests, and generate valuable information about the earth’s interior and its dynamic processes. The WWSSN was a key component of VELA Uniform, a Cold War project that was funded by the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA), a branch of the Department of Defense. It was managed by the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey and then by the U.S. Geological Survey. That agency transferred this instrument to the Smithsonian in 1999.
Each of the 120 stations in the WWSSN had two horizontal seismometers of this sort (one to capture the east-west component of the earth’s motions, and one to capture the north-south component). This example was used Junction City, Tx. It would have been linked to a matched galvanometer (such as 1999.0275.09) and a photographic drum recorder (such as 1999.0275.10). The “Sprengnether Instrument Co.” signature refers to a firm in St. Louis, Mo., that specialized in seismological instruments.
Ref: United States Coast and Geodetic Survey, Instrumentation of the World-Wide Seismograph System, Model 10700 (Washington, D.C., 1962).
W.F. Sprengnether Instrument Co., Inc., General Discription (sic) Long Period Horizontal Seismometer ([St. Louis], n.d.).
W.F. Sprengnether Instrument Co., Inc., Sprengnether Horizontal Component Seismometer, Series H ([St. Louis], n.d.).
Ta-Liang Teng, “Seismic Instrumentation,” in Methods of Experimental Physics, vol. 24 part B, Geophysics (1987), pp. 56-58.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1961-1962
maker
Geotechnical Corporation
W. F. Sprengnether Instrument Co.
ID Number
1999.0275.04
catalog number
1999.0275.04
accession number
1999.0275
Currently not on view
Location
Currently not on view
Date made
1945
ID Number
AG.A.7602
catalog number
A.7602
accession number
198812
Currently not on view
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1943-07-15
ID Number
AG.A.7586
accession number
198812
catalog number
A.7586
Alvan Clark & Sons was the leading telescope firm in the United States in the second half of the nineteenth century. Although famous for its large refractors suitable for advanced astronomical research, the firm also made smaller instruments for educational and amateur purposes.
Description
Alvan Clark & Sons was the leading telescope firm in the United States in the second half of the nineteenth century. Although famous for its large refractors suitable for advanced astronomical research, the firm also made smaller instruments for educational and amateur purposes. It remained in business until the 1950s.
This example has an achromatic objective of 3 inches aperture, and several eyepieces. The brass tube is 44 inches long and extends to 40 inches. The attached finder scope is 13 inches long. The “ALVAN CLARK & SONS / CAMBRIDGE, MASS.” inscription on the faceplate at the eye end was in use during the period 1939-1944. Charles Scovil, a dedicated amateur astronomer in Stamford, Conn., donated it to the Smithsonian in 1977.
Ref: Deborah Warner and Robert Ariail, Alvan Clark & Sons. Artists in Optics (Richmond, 1995).
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1939 - 1944
maker
Alvan Clark & Sons
ID Number
PH.336371
catalog number
336371
accession number
1977.0600
This German full-keyboard electric proportional rod calculating machine is black, painted green under the keyboard. It has 16 columns of black, white, and red octagonal plastic keys. The machine records multipliers of up to eight digits and products of up to 16 digits.
Description
This German full-keyboard electric proportional rod calculating machine is black, painted green under the keyboard. It has 16 columns of black, white, and red octagonal plastic keys. The machine records multipliers of up to eight digits and products of up to 16 digits. Keys for correction, division and multiplication are left of the keyboard, and keys for subtraction and addition are to the right. The carriage at the back of the machine has four rows of number dials. One row is covered at any given time. In back of the topmost row of number dials is a set of thumbscrews. The motor is in the back of the machine’s case, with a rubber cord extending from it.
A mark on the right front reads: MERCEDES- (/) EUKLID (/) Mod.38MS. A mark on the back reads: Mercedes Euklid. A red tag attached to the machine reads: PATENT DEPT. (/) #146. It was model #146 in the collection of the Patent Division of Burroughs Corporation. It has serial number: 62941. The serial number dates the machine from after 1939. It was manufactured until about 1953.
References:
American Office Machines Research Service, vol. 3, section 4.3 (September 1938), p. 49.
Fédération Nationale des Chambres Syndicales de la Mécanographie,Fédération de Reprise officielle des Machines à Ecrire, Machines à Calculer . . ., Lyon, 1970, p. 72.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
ca 1946
maker
Mercedes-Bureau-Maschinen-GES.m.b.H.
ID Number
1982.0794.25
catalog number
1982.0794.25
accession number
1982.0794
maker number
62941
This metal instrument consists of a circular protractor housed within an irregularly shaped blade. An 11-1/2" trapezoidal blade slides into the housing. A screw on the protractor fixes that blade in place.
Description
This metal instrument consists of a circular protractor housed within an irregularly shaped blade. An 11-1/2" trapezoidal blade slides into the housing. A screw on the protractor fixes that blade in place. The protractor is divided by single degrees and marked by tens from 0° to 90° to 0° to 90° to 0°. A vernier, attached by another screw, permits angle readings to five minutes of accuracy. The protractor has a hinged case of leather over wood, lined with black satin. The case is gouged in several spots.
Brown & Sharpe Manufacturing Co. introduced a "universal bevel protractor" in 1899, according to "Trade Notes," Science and Industry 4 (1899–1900): 274–275. Although there is no signature on this instrument, this protractor matches the illustrations in this article and in Brown & Sharpe catalogs at least as early as 1899 and at least as late as 1948.
References: Kenneth L. Cope, intro., A Brown & Sharpe Catalogue Collection, 1868 to 1899 (Mendham, N.J.: The Astragal Press, 1997); Brown & Sharpe Mfg. Co., Small Tools: Catalog No. 27 (Providence, R.I., 1916), 92–93; The Brown & Sharpe Handbook: A Guide for Young Machinists (Providence, R.I., 1948), 49–54, 110–112.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1899-1949
maker
Brown & Sharpe Manufacturing Company
ID Number
1986.0316.03
accession number
1986.0316
catalog number
1986.0316.03
After their widespread use during World War One, experts increasingly used psychological tests as a tool to rank and sort people in contexts including (but not limited to) education and employment.
Description
After their widespread use during World War One, experts increasingly used psychological tests as a tool to rank and sort people in contexts including (but not limited to) education and employment. This is the Individual Record Blank of the Rorschach Method of Personality Diagnosis. It was developed for the Rorschach Institute, Inc., by Bruno Klopfer and Helen H. Davidson. Bruno Klopfer was a psychologist who came to Brooklyn after fleeing Nazi Germany. In 1934, he introduced—and helped to popularize—the Rorschach test, which had received scant attention prior.
The booklet is six front-and-back pages. On the cover page, it provides the examiner with instructions and refers them to the text “The Rorschach Technique” by Klopfer and Douglas Kelley, published by the World Book Company. The record blank was also published by World Book Company and was copyrighted in 1942. The record blank includes a scoring list, tabulation sheet, information on “relationships among factors,” a location chart (including ink blots), and an explanation of scoring symbols.
Reference:
Rebecca Lemov, “X-Rays of Inner Words: The Mid-Twentieth Century American Projective Test Movement,” The Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences 47, no 3 (Summer 2011): 258.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1942
ID Number
1983.0168.17
catalog number
1983.0168.17
accession number
1983.0168
Companies seeking to provide customers with advertisements they might consult repeatedly sometimes distributed convenient mathematical tables. This is an example of one of these. The small white plastic card has figures printed in blue.
Description
Companies seeking to provide customers with advertisements they might consult repeatedly sometimes distributed convenient mathematical tables. This is an example of one of these. The small white plastic card has figures printed in blue. The table gives decimal equivalents of parts of an inch ranging from 1/64” to 1” by sixty-fourth inch increments.
The other side of the card has a small drawing that shows the wooden building occupied by Brown & Sharpe Manufacturing Company of Providence, Rhode Island, in 1848. It also shows the plant at the time the table was distributed, when it occupied 33 acres.
A mark on the back of the table reads: FORM 93 M.M.T. 7-43:100. Another mark reads: PRINTED IN U. S. A. This mark suggests that the card dates from 1943.
This table was found in the collections of what was then the Division of Work and Industry at the National Museum of American History.
Compare 1988.3078.02.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1943
maker
Brown & Sharpe Manufacturing Company
ID Number
1988.3078.01
catalog number
1988.3078.01
nonaccession number
1988.3078
This ten-inch mahogany linear slide rule is coated with white celluloid on the front and both sides of the slide. The base has A and D scales. The slide has B and C scales on one side and S, L, and T scales on the other.
Description
This ten-inch mahogany linear slide rule is coated with white celluloid on the front and both sides of the slide. The base has A and D scales. The slide has B and C scales on one side and S, L, and T scales on the other. A paper table of equivalents and slide rule settings, based on U. S. Bureau of Standards Circular No. 47, is pasted to the back of the rule. See also 2001.0117.01. According to Eric Marcotte, this circular was in force from 1914 to 1936. Keuffel & Esser included it on slide rules from the 1920s to the 1950s.
The indicator is glass with a plastic frame, of the style used by Keuffel & Esser between 1915 and 1937, based on the patent indicated by the mark on the top edge of the frame: K&E.CO.N.Y. (/) PAT.8.17.15. The top of the base is marked in red: PAT. JUNE 5, 1900; KEUFFEL & ESSER CO. N.Y.; MADE IN U.S.A. For more on this patent, see MA.322761. Four expressions have been scratched into the front of the slide: x = A + B; ÷ = A – B; x – 1; ÷ + 1. The model number is printed at the right end in red: < 4055 >. The left end of the back of the slide and the front left corner of the base are marked with a serial number: 190673.
The rule is in a cardboard case covered with black morocco leather and heavily taped. It is marked: KEUFFEL & ESSER (/) FAVORITE (/) SLIDE RULE (/) 4055. It is also marked on the tape near one end: E. HELLER (/) ΣΦΕ. On the other side of that end, it is marked on the tape: PROPERTY OF (/) PETER (/) HELLER. K&E sold model 4055 from 1927 to 1943; the serial number suggests a date closer to 1927, when the instrument sold for $4.00. One owner of this slide rule was the mechanical engineer Edward Lincoln Heller (1912–2007), who received a BSfrom Lehigh University in 1934 and an MBA from Harvard University in 1939. It seems likely that he used the slide rule as a college student.
References: Willie L. E. Keuffel, "Slide-Rule" (U.S. Patent 651,142 issued June 5, 1900); Willie L. E. Keuffel, "Slide-Rule Runner" (U.S. Patent 1,150,771 issued August 17, 1915); Eric Marcotte, "The Evolution of a Slide Rule – The K&E 4053-3," http://www.sliderule.ca/4053.htm; Clark McCoy, "Collection of Pages from K&E Catalogs for the 4055 Family," http://www.mccoys-kecatalogs.com/KEModels/ke4055family.htm; Ed Chamberlain, "Estimating K&E Slide Rule Dates," 27 December 2000, http://www.sphere.bc.ca/test/ke/320-k+e_date2.jpg; "Heller, Edward L.," American Men and Women of Science, 12th ed. (New York: J. Cattell Press, 1972), 2620.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1927-1943
maker
Keuffel & Esser Co.
ID Number
1984.1068.01
catalog number
1984.1068.01
accession number
1984.1068
This paperback book is part of the College Outline Series published by Barnes & Noble. It contains five-place tables of the common logarithms of numbers and of logarithms of sines, cosines, tangents and cotangents for every second of arc.
Description
This paperback book is part of the College Outline Series published by Barnes & Noble. It contains five-place tables of the common logarithms of numbers and of logarithms of sines, cosines, tangents and cotangents for every second of arc. There is also a shorter table of natural trigonometric functions from minute to minute. Further short tables assist in conversion from common logarithms to natural logarithms, give values and logarithms of haversines, and assist in converting between degrees and radians.
The mathematician Kaj L. Nielsen (1914-1992) was born in Denmark in 1914, came to the United States in 1926, and studied at the University of Michigan and Syracuse University before obtaining a PhD. at the University of Illinois. In addition to teaching at Syracuse, Illinois, Brown, Louisiana State University, and Butler University; he worked in the Mathematics Division of the Naval Ordnance Plant in Indianapolis and also at the Battelle Memorial Institute there. He published a wide array of books relating to practical mathematics, especially numerical analysis. The first edition of this book appeared in 1943. This is a reprint from 1965 of the second edition of 1961.
Mechanical engineer Edward L. Heller (1912–2007) donated this book of tables to the Smithsonian. From 1956 to 1959, Heller worked as a nuclear project engineer for H. K. Ferguson Co. He was a technical manager for General Dynamics Corporation from 1959 to 1967.
References:
American Men and Women of Science, 12th ed., New York: J. Cattell Press, 1972, iii: p. 2620 (on Heller).
“Kaj L. Nielsen,” Math Times, Department of Mathematics, University of Illinois, Fall 1992, p. 7.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1943
1965
maker
Nielsen, Kaj L.
ID Number
1984.3078.01
nonaccession number
1984.3078
catalog number
1984.3078.01

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