Science & Mathematics

The Museum's collections hold thousands of objects related to chemistry, biology, physics, astronomy, and other sciences. Instruments range from early American telescopes to lasers. Rare glassware and other artifacts from the laboratory of Joseph Priestley, the discoverer of oxygen, are among the scientific treasures here. A Gilbert chemistry set of about 1937 and other objects testify to the pleasures of amateur science. Artifacts also help illuminate the social and political history of biology and the roles of women and minorities in science.

The mathematics collection holds artifacts from slide rules and flash cards to code-breaking equipment. More than 1,000 models demonstrate some of the problems and principles of mathematics, and 80 abstract paintings by illustrator and cartoonist Crockett Johnson show his visual interpretations of mathematical theorems.

This folding case has a wooden base with two cardboard flaps. It is covered with black imitation leather and lined with purple velvet. The case fastens with two snaps marked with the trademark for the Eugene Dietzgen Company. The insides of the snaps are marked: P R Y M (/) 4H.
Description
This folding case has a wooden base with two cardboard flaps. It is covered with black imitation leather and lined with purple velvet. The case fastens with two snaps marked with the trademark for the Eugene Dietzgen Company. The insides of the snaps are marked: P R Y M (/) 4H. The front flap is marked: 1252 PJL. The back of the case is marked: GERMANY (/) U.S. ZONE. Inside the top flap is marked: DIETZGEN (/) POLITEK. The set of instruments appears to be original and complete and includes:
1) 6-3/4" fixed-leg needle-point dividers, marked: DIETZGEN GERMANY.
2) 6-3/8" bow pencil with pen point attachment. One leg is marked: DIETZGEN GERMANY.
3) 5" bow pencil with pen point attachment. One leg is marked: DIETZGEN GERMANY. A 6-1/2" extension bar permits this instrument to function as a beam compass.
4) 5-1/2" black plastic and steel drawing pen marked: DIETZGEN GERMANY. The adjusting screw is numbered by twos from 0 to 8.
5) 3-1/16" black plastic and steel pen handle.
6) 2-1/2" blue screwdriver with German silver handle.
7) 1-1/16" black metal joint tightener.
8) 5/16" German silver thumbtack.
Except as noted, the instruments may be made of a chromium-plated hard alloy. The reference to the American occupation zone after World War II dates this set to between 1945 and 1955. Neither the Politek brand nor model number were mentioned in Dietzgen's 1949 catalog. The Extens-o-Leg compass attachment was advertised in a 1953–1954 catalog for schools, further suggesting that the set was not manufactured until after 1950.
References: Catalog of Eugene Dietzgen Co., 16th ed. (Chicago, 1949); Dietzgen School Catalog (Chicago, 1953–1954), 12.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1950-1955
distributor
Eugene Dietzgen Company
ID Number
1989.0305.03
catalog number
1989.0305.03
accession number
1989.0305
By 1902, dealers like Eugene Dietzgen of Chicago offered sets of several dozen “Copenhagen ship curves” in wood and hard rubber. In their 1904-1905 catalog, Dietzgen added curves of transparent amber. By 1926, transparent celluloid had replaced these materials.
Description
By 1902, dealers like Eugene Dietzgen of Chicago offered sets of several dozen “Copenhagen ship curves” in wood and hard rubber. In their 1904-1905 catalog, Dietzgen added curves of transparent amber. By 1926, transparent celluloid had replaced these materials. The number of curves rose from 45 in 1902 to 121 in 1926 and 1931. This selection of curves in this set matches the description of the 1938 Dietzgen catalog, which lists a set of fifty-six celluloid (not acrylic) curves. Dietzgen offered them through at least 1949. Dietzgen first used the term Clearcite in commerce in 1946, filed for a trademark February 29, 1952, and received the trademark June 23, 1953. Hence the curves are from after that date.
The curves are stored in a wooden case with metal hooks. A mark on a tag on the front of the case reads: DIETZGEN (/) MADE IN U.S.A.
By the 1970s, flexible drawing curves were replacing fixed ones like these.
The objects were given to the Smithsonian in 1986.
The donor, Philip Krupen (1915–2001), was a physicist who graduated B.S. from Brooklyn College in 1935, worked on the development of the proximity fuse during and after World War II, earned a master's degree in physics from George Washington University, and spent a total of thirty-eight years working for the U.S. government before he retired in 1973.
References:
Benjamin Pike, Jr., Pike’s Illustrated Descriptive Catalog, vol. 1, New York, 1856, pp. 40-43. This catalog includes ship curves, but not with the standard numbers used by Keuffel & Esser from at least 1890.
Keuffel & Esser Company, Catalog, New York, 1890, pp. 138-139.
Eugene Dietzgen Company, Catalog, Chicago, 1902.
Eugene Dietzgen Company, Catalog, Chicago, 1905, p. 218.
Eugene Dietzgen Company, Catalog, Chicago, 1910, p. 274. The numbering of ship curves in the 1890, 1902, 1905, and 1910 Dietzgen catalogs is not the same as that adopted by 1926.
Eugene Dietzgen Company, Catalog, Chicago, 1926, pp. 226-227. The numbering of ship curves in this and later Dietzgen catalogs follow a scheme used by Keuffel & Esser at least as early as 1890. This is the same numbering system used on these curves.
Eugene Dietzgen Company, Catalog, Chicago, 1931, pp. 245-246.
Eugene Dietzgen Company, Catalog, Chicago, 1938, pp. 310-311.
Eugene Dietzgen Company, Catalog, Chicago, 1949, pp. 310-311.
TESS, U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, Trademark Registration 0576302.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
ca 1955
maker
Eugene Dietzgen Company
ID Number
1986.0790.07
accession number
1986.0790
catalog number
1986.0790.07
This instrument has four hardwood bars with mahogany edges. The bars are 41 inches long. The fulcrum, joints with thumbscrews, and interchangeable tracer and pencil points are metal (no lead in the pencil point). Each bar has thirty-four holes drilled in it.
Description
This instrument has four hardwood bars with mahogany edges. The bars are 41 inches long. The fulcrum, joints with thumbscrews, and interchangeable tracer and pencil points are metal (no lead in the pencil point). Each bar has thirty-four holes drilled in it. These are spaced the same way on each bar, but not at equal intervals. The holes are labeled from 1 to 34 and also from 1 1/8 to 8. The device may be used to enlarge a drawing up to eight times the original size or reduce to as little as one eighth.
A mark on one bar reads: EUGENE DIETZGEN CO. (/) CHICAGO-NEW YORK (/) SAN FRANCISCO-TORONTO-NEW ORLEANS.
Reference:
Eugene Dietzgen Co., Catalog, 1926, p. 192. This model is not shown in the catalog for 1905. In the catalogs for 1912 and 1921 it has catalog number 1875 1/2. It is shown in the 1938 catalog.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
ca 1930
distributor
Eugene Dietzgen Company
maker
Eugene Dietzgen Company
ID Number
MA.321783
catalog number
321783
accession number
246883
This folding cardboard and wood case is covered with black morocco leather and lined with green velvet. The snap for the case is marked: CHICAGO (/) NEW YORK.
Description
This folding cardboard and wood case is covered with black morocco leather and lined with green velvet. The snap for the case is marked: CHICAGO (/) NEW YORK. Between the words is the trademark for the Eugene Dietzgen Company, superimposed letters E and D surrounded by the letters Co. Inside the top flap is marked: EUGENE DIETZGEN CO. (/) CHICAGO—NEW YORK (/) SAN FRANCISCO. NEW ORLEANS. The set includes:
1) 6-1/2" German silver proportional dividers. One leg is marked for lines, and the other is marked for circles. Characters such as a double-barred T are engraved inside both legs.
2) 6-1/4" German silver and steel dividers with removable needle, pencil, and pen points and extension bar.
3) 1-1/2" cylindrical metal case for leads, with three leads and two needle points.
4) 2-3/8" German silver and steel screwdriver. Its storage compartment is empty.
5) 2-3/4" German silver handle.
6) 5-1/2" aluminum and steel drawing pen.
The joint tightener may be missing, but the set appears to otherwise be intact and original. No sets containing proportional dividers were found in Dietzgen catalogs issued between 1902 and 1954, so it is likely that this set was special ordered by an individual or school. This style of case was sold between 1902 and 1931, which is consistent with the dates of other objects received from this donor.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
early 20th century
maker
Eugene Dietzgen Company
ID Number
MA.325683
accession number
257193
catalog number
325683
This wooden ten-inch Mannheim slide rule is faced with white celluloid. The top edge is beveled and has a scale of inches divided to sixteenths of an inch. The bottom edge is flat and has a scale of centimeters divided to millimeters.
Description
This wooden ten-inch Mannheim slide rule is faced with white celluloid. The top edge is beveled and has a scale of inches divided to sixteenths of an inch. The bottom edge is flat and has a scale of centimeters divided to millimeters. The base has A and D scales, with B and C scales on one side of the slide and S, L, and T scales on the other side of the slide. The L scale is not lettered. The base underneath the slide is marked: EUGENE DIETZGEN CO. CHICAGO–NEW YORK (/) W. F. M. It is also marked: PAT. JUNE 28 1898. The indicator is glass in a metal frame. A paper glued to the back of the rule gives the properties of various substances and equivalents of various weights and measures. Carved into the back is: W.F.M. 1907.
The base of the rule is cut lengthwise into two sections that are joined together by invisible springs. This was intended to create more uniform resistance to the motion of the rule (even if it is fully extended) and to make it possible to straighten the parts of the rule by scraping, should it become warped. A cardboard box covered with burgundy leather is marked: The Mack Improved Slide Rule (/) NO. 1765 (/) EUGENE DIETZGEN CO. (/) CHICAGO. NEW YORK.
This rule is named for John Givan Davis Mack (1867–1924), an early member of the engineering faculty at the University of Wisconsin who taught from 1893 to 1915. On June 28, 1898, he received U.S. Patent 606388 for dividing the base of a slide rule and rejoining the pieces with springs. He assigned the patent to the Eugene Dietzgen Company of Chicago, which first sold a slide rule built on Mack's patent in 1898 and offered this version from 1902 to 1912 for $4.50.
The carved initials are those of the owner, the spectroscopist William F. Meggers (1888–1966), who was long associated with the U.S. National Bureau of Standards. He received his B.A. in physics from Ripon College in 1910, his M.A. in physics from the University of Wisconsin in 1916, and his Ph.D. in physics, mathematics, and astronomy from Johns Hopkins University in 1917. It seems likely that he acquired this rule as a student. For a less precise slide rule associated with Meggers, see 293320.2820. For later slide rule instructions distributed by Dietzgen, see 1981.0933.07.
References: Catalogue & Price List of Eugene Dietzgen Co., 7th ed. (Chicago, 1904), 171; Rodger Shepherd, "Some Distinctive Features of Dietzgen Slide Rules," Journal of the Oughtred Society 5, no. 2 (1996): 42–45; Peter M. Hopp, Slide Rules: Their History, Models, and Makers (Mendham, N.J.: Astragal Press, 1999), 159–160, 276; J. G. D. Mack Papers, University of Wisconsin Archives: U. S. Patent 606388.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1907
maker
Eugene Dietzgen Company
ID Number
MA.335270
catalog number
335270
accession number
314637
This instrument has two arms. Made of German silver, the first arm is 9" long, and has a brass and steel tracer point with a support. The arm is evenly divided into tenths and numbered from 5 to 38.
Description
This instrument has two arms. Made of German silver, the first arm is 9" long, and has a brass and steel tracer point with a support. The arm is evenly divided into tenths and numbered from 5 to 38. (One unit is equivalent to 5mm.) It fits into a brass carriage painted black that has a white plastic measuring wheel, vernier, and registering dial. Screws on the carriage adjust the length of the tracer arm. The carriage is marked: No 20495.
A 9" German silver pole arm fits into a hole in the carriage. Near that end, the arm is evenly divided into tenths and numbered from 30 to 34. The arm fits inside a sliding rectangular tube made of brass painted black (i.e., "bronzed brass"). A cylindrical brass weight is attached to the end of the tube. The tube is marked: G. Coradi, Zürich Switzerland D.P.G.M. Eugene Dietzgen Co. An oblong steel testing plate is marked for 0", 1", 2", and 3". It is also marked: G. Coradi Zürich.
A wooden case is covered with black leather and lined with green velvet. A printed paper chart is pasted inside the case. The chart has columns for Scales, Position of the vernier on the tracer bar, Value of the unit of the vernier on the measuring roller, and Length of the pole-arm for the constant 20,000. The values in the Position and Length columns are handwritten in the same hand that indicates the Coradi firm manufactured this planimeter with serial number 20,495 on January 18, 1913. The date and serial number indicate that this instrument was manufactured before MA.321777. 1977.0112.02 is an instruction manual.
Gottlieb Coradi (1847–1929) began to make wheel and disc polar planimeters in the early 1880s. In 1894, he made the pole arm higher than the tracer arm and connected the arms with a ball joint. This "compensating" planimeter could trace in both the clockwise and counterclockwise directions, preventing errors introduced by planimeters made in the Amsler style. The Eugene Dietzgen Company of Chicago sold Coradi's compensating planimeter from at least 1905 to at least 1931. The version with the adjustable pole arm cost $47.00, which was $11.00 more than the standard version. The model number was changed from 6612 to 1806 between 1910 and 1926. Keuffel & Esser also sold the instrument from 1901 to 1939.
The instrument reached the Smithsonian i 1987.
References: "The Lang-Coradi Planimeter," in Olaus Henrici, "On Planimeters," in Report of the Sixty-fourth Meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science (London, 1894), 496–523, on 515; Catalogue & Price List of Eugene Dietzgen Co., 7th ed. (Chicago, 1904), 362; Catalogue & Price List of Eugene Dietzgen Co., 9th ed. (Chicago, 1910), 503; Catalogue & Price List of Eugene Dietzgen Co., 12th ed. (Chicago, 1926), 183; Catalogue & Price List of Eugene Dietzgen Co., 14th ed. (Chicago, 1931), 205; Clark McCoy, "Collection of Pages from K&E Catalogs for the 4240 Family of Polar Planimeters," http://www.mccoys-kecatalogs.com/PlanimeterModels/ke4240family.htm.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1913
distributor
Eugene Dietzgen Company
maker
Coradi, Gottlieb
ID Number
1987.0929.01
accession number
1987.0929
catalog number
1987.0929.01
This circular German silver protractor is divided to quarter-degrees and marked by tens from 0° to 350° in the clockwise direction and from 10° to 360° in the counterclockwise direction. The inner edge has indentations at the 0/360, 90/270, 180/180, and 270/90 degree points.
Description
This circular German silver protractor is divided to quarter-degrees and marked by tens from 0° to 350° in the clockwise direction and from 10° to 360° in the counterclockwise direction. The inner edge has indentations at the 0/360, 90/270, 180/180, and 270/90 degree points. A transparent horn center allows positioning on an engineering drawing. A vernier, which may be adjusted with a micrometer screw, permits readings to one minute of accuracy. A clamp screw is adjacent to the micrometer screw. A magnifying glass that may be raised and rotated is screwed to the vernier arm near the center of the protractor. A 6-inch blade extends from the vernier.
Although there is no maker's mark, the protractor is similar to a Gem Union protractor marketed by Dietzgen of Chicago and Stieren of Pittsburgh for $23.50 in the early 20th century. Gem Union was a Dietzgen brand and represented the highest grade of drawing instruments manufactured or sold by Dietzgen. By 1911, every Gem Union instrument was stamped with the Dietzgen monogram. There is no such stamp on this protractor, so it likely either was manufactured earlier or was a copy.
This protractor was apparently used by employees of the Calumet & Hecla Mining Company, which operated highly profitable copper mines in northern Michigan in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Universal Oil Products (UOP, Inc.; now a division of Honeywell) purchased the company in 1968, while its productivity was declining. The mines closed in 1970, and UOP donated at least three dozen objects, including this one, to the Smithsonian in 1982.
References: Catalogue & Price List of Eugene Dietzgen Co., 7th ed. (Chicago, 1904), 45–49, 191; Catalogue & Price List of Eugene Dietzgen Co., 8th ed. (Chicago, 1907), 47–51, 214; Catalogue & Price List of Eugene Dietzgen Co., 9th ed. (Chicago, 1910), 63–67, 244; Catalogue & Price List of Eugene Dietzgen Co., 12th ed. (Chicago, 1926), 56–57, 204; The Wm. E. Stieren Co., Catalogue and Price List (Pittsburgh, n.d.), 209.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
ca 1900
maker
Eugene Dietzgen Company
ID Number
1986.0662.01
accession number
1986.0662
catalog number
1986.0662.01
This metal polar planimeter has a white plastic measuring wheel with vernier and a metal registering dial on the 5" tracer arm. The tracer arm is marked on top: DIETZGEN (/) MADE IN U.S.A. Next to the tracer point, it is marked: 22812.
Description
This metal polar planimeter has a white plastic measuring wheel with vernier and a metal registering dial on the 5" tracer arm. The tracer arm is marked on top: DIETZGEN (/) MADE IN U.S.A. Next to the tracer point, it is marked: 22812. The other arm is 8" long and screwed to a cylindrical metal weight.
A beige plastic case is lined with deteriorating gray foam padding. A label inside the case is marked: DIETZGEN (/) PLANIMETER No. D1803D (/) TEST RULE 12.50 SQ. IN. Serial No. 22812. A chart has columns for Scale, Value of unit of vernier, Constant: Pole inside figure, and Pole Arm Setting. Only the first row of the chart (for the scale 1" = 100') is completed. The case fits inside a beige cardboard box with a black, yellow, and white label: DEITZGEN One Only (/) Compensating (/) POLAR PLANIMETER (/) In Velvet Lined Case, with Testing Rule (/) and Directions D1803D.
In the 1920s, the Eugene Dietzgen Company of Chicago sold a planimeter similar to this one as model 1804. By the 1950s, the planimeter was renumbered to model D1803D and offered in the wooden case with velvet lining mentioned on the label on this example. Later, the plastic and foam case replaced the wooden case. "Dietzgen" is stamped rather than printed on the label inside this case, suggesting that another company made the planimeter and Dietzgen distributed it. This object was found in the Museum in 1984.
Reference: Catalog of Eugene Dietzgen Co., 12th ed. (Chicago, 1926), 182.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
ca 1960
maker
Eugene Dietzgen Company
ID Number
1987.0107.09
accession number
1987.0107
catalog number
1987.0107.09
This fixed-arm polar planimeter has a 4-1/2" tracer arm and 7" pole arm with cylindrical weight. It is made of German silver with a gold-colored coating.
Description
This fixed-arm polar planimeter has a 4-1/2" tracer arm and 7" pole arm with cylindrical weight. It is made of German silver with a gold-colored coating. The tracer arm and pole arm are connected by a hinge and form a circle around the white plastic measuring wheel and vernier when the instrument is closed. The planimeter does not have a registering dial. The pole arm is marked: Eugene Dietzgen Co. New York Swiss Manufacture. A serial number is underneath the tracer arm: 57202.
A wooden case is covered with black leather and lined with black velvet. Three labels are glued to the bottom of the case. The edges of the first are torn away, but it reads: Made in Switzerland. The second is a white inventory tag marked: TULANE UNIVERSITY (/) 74 2281. The third is tape marked: 3.
The workshop founded by Jacob Amsler made this planimeter, and Dietzgen's New York branch office distributed it. Using the serial number, planimeter scholar Joachim Fischer dated the instrument to about 1920. In 1926, Dietzgen sold an Amsler Type 2 planimeter without registering dial as model 1800 for $17.75, although the catalog showed the instrument as having a short third arm that held the pole weight. Compare to MA.318485, 1984.1071.01, and 1989.0305.01. Mechanical engineering faculty R. M. Rotty and E. H. Harris arranged for the donation of this planimeter in 1964.
References: Joachim Fischer to Peggy A. Kidwell, October 19, 1992, Mathematics Collection files, National Museum of American History; Catalog of Eugene Dietzgen Co., 12th ed. (Chicago, 1926), 180; N. Hawkins, Hawkins' Indicator Catechism (New York: Theo. Audel & Co., 1903), 122–123.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
ca 1920
distributor
Eugene Dietzgen Company
maker
Amsler, Jacob
ID Number
1987.0769.01
accession number
1987.0769
catalog number
1987.0769.01
The citation information for this sixteen-page booklet is: Self-teaching Instruction Manual: Maniphase Slide Rule (Chicago: Eugene Dietzgen Co., n.d.). The slide rule depicted inside the manual is Dietzgen's "National," model 1767, and the manual was received with 1988.0367.01.
Description
The citation information for this sixteen-page booklet is: Self-teaching Instruction Manual: Maniphase Slide Rule (Chicago: Eugene Dietzgen Co., n.d.). The slide rule depicted inside the manual is Dietzgen's "National," model 1767, and the manual was received with 1988.0367.01. Detailed instructions are provided for reading the scales, multiplication, placing the decimal point, division, proportion, squares and square roots, cube and cube roots, trigonometry, and logarithms. "Maniphase" on the cover refers to an arrangement of scales in which the company added K and CI scales to Mannheim rules; the word is printed on several slide rules sold by the Eugene Dietzgen Company. Indeed, the manual indicates portions of it could be used with other Dietzgen slide rules, such as model 1772A.
Reference: Walter Shawlee, "The Dietzgen Company Archive," http://www.sphere.bc.ca/test/dietzgen.html.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1950s
maker
Eugene Dietzgen Company
ID Number
1988.0367.02
accession number
1988.0367
catalog number
1988.0367.02
This ten-inch, two-sided wooden slide rule is coated with white plastic and has a glass indicator with plastic and metal edges. The endpieces are L-shaped metal. The front of the base has L, LL1, DF, D, LL3, and LL2 scales, with CF, CIF, CI, and C scales on the slide.
Description
This ten-inch, two-sided wooden slide rule is coated with white plastic and has a glass indicator with plastic and metal edges. The endpieces are L-shaped metal. The front of the base has L, LL1, DF, D, LL3, and LL2 scales, with CF, CIF, CI, and C scales on the slide. The top of the base is marked: DIETZGEN MANIPHASE MULTIPLEX DECIMAL TRIG TYPE LOG LOG RULE CAT. NO. 1732. The back of the base has LL0, LL00, A, D, DI, and K scales, with B, T, ST, and S scales on the slide. The top of the base is marked: EUGENE DIETZGEN CO. PATS. 2,170,144 2,285,722 MADE IN U.S.A. 530361. The case is cardboard covered with black leather. A Dietzgen logo is on the flap—the letter D inside the letter E inside the letters Co. Paper taped to the case is marked: PHILIP KRUPEN.
Model 1732 does not appear on a 1943 price list for the Eugene Dietzgen Co. of Chicago, but an instruction manual for this model was published in 1946. A drawing in this manual shows the same scales that are on this slide rule. Although the model is advertised in Dietzgen's 1953–1954 catalog, the log and K scales are arranged very differently from this rule. Hence, the rule apparently dates from 1944 to 1952.
Three U.S. Naval Academy professors applied for the patents mentioned on this slide rule in 1937 and 1938. These patents dealt with arranging and coloring scales so that problems could be solved in the fewest steps. They were also cited on Keuffel & Esser slide rules, models 4080 and 4081. (See 1992.0437.01, 2007.0181.01, 318482, 334387, 1990.0687.01, and 1986.0790.03.) The inventors also wrote instruction manuals for K&E, such as 1987.0085.02 and 2007.0181.01.01. The scales on the patents match those on this rule, except that the positions of the LL0 and LL00 scales are reversed.
This slide rule was given to the Smithsonian in 1986 by the physicist Philip Krupen (1915–2001). Krupen received his BS from Brooklyn College in 1935, worked on the development of the proximity fuze during and after World War II, earned a master's degree in physics from George Washington University, and spent a total of 38 years working for the U.S. government before his retirement in 1973. It seems possible that he acquired the rule while working on his master's degree.
References: Robert Otnes, "Dietzgen Patents, Runners, and Log Log Scales," Journal of the Oughtred Society 5, no. 2 (1996): 45–48; H. Loren Thompson and Ovid W. Eshbach, The Dietzgen Maniphase Multiplex Decimal Trig Type Log Log Slide Rule No. 1732 (Chicago: Eugene Dietzgen Co., 1946), http://sliderulemuseum.com/Manuals/M179_Dietzgen1732Manual1946.pdf; Dietzgen School Catalog (Chicago, 1953), 27; Lyman M. Kells, Willis F. Kern, and James R. Bland, "Slide Rule" (U.S. Patent 2,170,144 issued August 22, 1939), and "Slide Rule" (U.S. Patent 2,285,722 issued June 9, 1942).
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1944-1952
maker
Eugene Dietzgen Company
ID Number
1986.0790.01
catalog number
1986.0790.01
accession number
1986.0790
In the 1950s, several manufacturers sold inexpensive plastic slide rules for use by students. This one-sided, ten-inch example, sold by the Chicago firm of Dietzgen has K, S, A, D, T, and L scales on the base. B, CI, and C scales are on the slide.
Description
In the 1950s, several manufacturers sold inexpensive plastic slide rules for use by students. This one-sided, ten-inch example, sold by the Chicago firm of Dietzgen has K, S, A, D, T, and L scales on the base. B, CI, and C scales are on the slide. The rule has a clear plastic frameless indicator with a hairline and black plastic endpieces. The top right corner of the base is marked: NATIONAL. Both ends of the slide are marked: DIETZGEN (/) NO. 1767. Both ends of the bottom of the base are marked: MADE (/) IN (/) U. S. A. A cream-colored synthetic leather case is marked: R. LAWSE. The rule was received with an instruction manual, 1988.0367.02.
According to Peter Hopp and Bruce Babcock, Dietzgen manufactured model 1767 from 1955 to 1959. An earlier version of the National, the 1767P, had a different set of scales. It was manufactured from 1941 to 1952 and sold in 1952 for $1.75 or $18.25 for a dozen.
References: Peter M. Hopp, Slide Rules: Their History, Models, and Makers (Mendham, N.J.: Astragal Press, 1999), 160; Bruce Babcock, "Dietzgen Catalog Matrix," Journal of the Oughtred Society 5, no. 2 (1996), http://sliderulemuseum.com/Manuals/Dietzgen_CatalogMatrix_BruceBabcock1996_chart.jpg.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1955-1959
maker
Eugene Dietzgen Company
ID Number
1988.0367.01
accession number
1988.0367
catalog number
1988.0367.01
Relatively late in its history of making and selling slide rules, the Eugene Dietzgen Co. of Chicago began developing products that competed with the high-end slide rule lines manufactured by Keuffel & Esser (namely, model 4081) and Post (the Versalog).
Description
Relatively late in its history of making and selling slide rules, the Eugene Dietzgen Co. of Chicago began developing products that competed with the high-end slide rule lines manufactured by Keuffel & Esser (namely, model 4081) and Post (the Versalog). This two-sided, ten-inch wooden slide rule is coated with white plastic and has metal endpieces. On one side the base has LL02, LL03, DF, D, LL3, and LL2 scales, with CF, CIF, L, CI, and C scales on the slide. The top of the base is marked: DIETZGEN MICROGLIDE TM DECIMAL TRIG TYPE LOG LOG CAT. NO. 1734.
On the other side, the base has LL01, K, A, D, DI, and LL1 scales, with B, T < 45°, T > 45°, ST, and S scales on the slide. The top of the base is marked: EUGENE DIETZGEN CO. PATS. 2,170,144 2,285,722 PAT'S PEND. MADE IN U.S.A. 020038. On both sides the right end of the rule has formulas indicating the functions represented by the scales. The glass indicator has a metal and black plastic frame; both edges are marked: DIETZGEN.
The rule fits in a black leather case with a metal clasp. A Dietzgen logo is on the flap—the letter D inside the letter E inside the letters Co. In 1959 Dietzgen introduced the Microglide line of slide rules, which featured Teflon-lined grooves on the base so that the slide moved more smoothly. According to Ian Lodge's estimated production figures, the serial number suggests a manufacture date for this object of 1962.
Dietzgen ceased the production of slide rules around 1972. The arrangement of scales corresponds to those depicted in a 1960 instruction manual for the "Dietzgen Decimal Trig Type Log Log Slide Rule," although the "Microglide" trademark is not mentioned. See 1986.0790.01 for information on the patents mentioned on the instrument. The indicator is Dietzgen's "framed full vision" type and is covered by U.S. Patent 2,634,912, issued to Clarence P. Davey on April 14, 1953.
The donor, Ed Severino, began his career as an engineer with General Electric Company in Schenectady, N.Y. After eight years, he left to teach mathematics and science at Mont [sic] Pleasant High School in Schenectady, where he became head of the Technical Department. The slide rule is of the type trainees used in the late 1970s and early 1980s, when Severino was director of his high school's General Electric Apprentice Training Educational Program.
References: Rodger Shepherd, "Some Distinctive Features of Dietzgen Slide Rules," Journal of the Oughtred Society 5, no. 2 (1996): 42–45; Robert K. Otnes, "Dietzgen Patents, Runners, and Log-Log Scales," Journal of the Oughtred Society 5, no. 2 (1996): 45–48; Ian Lodge, "Estimating Production Dates for Dietzgen Micromatic and Microglide Log Log Duplex Slide Rules," Journal of the Oughtred Society 21, no. 1 (2012): 26–32; Bruce Babcock, "Dietzgen Catalog Matrix," Journal of the Oughtred Society 5, no. 2 (1996), http://sliderulemuseum.com/Manuals/Dietzgen_CatalogMatrix_BruceBabcock1996_chart.jpg; Ovid W. Eshbach and H. Loren Thompson, Self-teaching Instruction Manual: Dietzgen Decimal Trig Type Log Log Slide Rule (Chicago: Eugene Dietzgen Co., 1960), http://sliderulemuseum.com/Manuals/Dietzgen_1734_Manual.pdf; "Your Dietzgen Microglide Slide Rule: Instructions for Care and Adjustment" (Chicago, n.d.), http://sliderulemuseum.com/SR_Library_Dietzgen.htm.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
ca 1962
maker
Eugene Dietzgen Company
ID Number
2006.0230.01
accession number
2006.0230
catalog number
2006.0230.01
A clear plastic envelope with two blue snaps and marked DIETZGEN contains a black hard plastic case that fastens with two sliding bars. The top of the case is marked: DIETZGEN (/) STELLAR (/) 1288-3 (/) MADE IN GERMANY. Red and yellow foam inside the lid has come unglued.
Description
A clear plastic envelope with two blue snaps and marked DIETZGEN contains a black hard plastic case that fastens with two sliding bars. The top of the case is marked: DIETZGEN (/) STELLAR (/) 1288-3 (/) MADE IN GERMANY. Red and yellow foam inside the lid has come unglued. The instrument tray is lined with red velvet. A brochure demonstrating the features of this set and a yellow cleaning cloth lie on top of the tray. The set includes:
1) 6" chromium-plated fixed-leg needle-point dividers. Black plastic covers the joint and is marked on one side: DIETZGEN. The other side is marked: GERMANY.
2) 4-1/2" chromium-plated bow pencil.
3) 6-1/2" chromium-plated bow pencil.
4) 1-3/8" black plastic cylindrical case for leads, containing three leads, three needle points, and one black plastic pen nib.
The joint tightener is missing. A slot in the case holds a piece of green paper marked: SPACE FOR DIETZGEN DRAFTING PENCIL. According to the brochure, this model number was normally sold without the pencil. These instruments were part of the Stellar product line.
The donor, Ed Severino, began his career in the 1940s as an engineer with General Electric Company in Schenectady, N.Y. After eight years, he went to teach mathematics and science at Mont [sic] Pleasant High School in Schenectady, where he became head of the Technical Department. According to the donor, this set of drawing instruments is of the type trainees used in the late 1970s and early 1980s, when Severino was director of his high school's General Electric Apprentice Training Educational Program.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
ca 1980
distributor
Eugene Dietzgen Company
ID Number
2006.0230.02
accession number
2006.0230
catalog number
2006.0230.02
This 10" duplex wooden slide rule is coated with white plastic and has a glass indicator with a metal frame. One side of the frame has DF, D, and L scales. The other has A, D, and K scales. One side of the slide has CF, C1F, C1 and C scales. The other has B, T, ST, and S scales.
Description
This 10" duplex wooden slide rule is coated with white plastic and has a glass indicator with a metal frame. One side of the frame has DF, D, and L scales. The other has A, D, and K scales. One side of the slide has CF, C1F, C1 and C scales. The other has B, T, ST, and S scales. The instrument fits in a leather-covered case with a leather flap at one end. This, in turn, fits in a yellow box that also holds a set of conversion tables copyrighted in 1950 and a pamphlet with instructions for care and adjustment copyrighted in 1952. An instruction manual copyrighted in 1954 and a warranty also came in the box.
The model 1746 is not listed on a 1943 Dietzgen Price List. It is listed in Dietzgen Catalog 22D (1948) and in the 1953-54 Dietzgen School Catalog.
This example of the slide rule was owned by M. Gordon and Marion Tiger. Mr. Tiger worked for the U. S. Department of State in the 1950s and 1960s.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
ca 1955
maker
Eugene Dietzgen Company
ID Number
2017.0087.01
catalog number
2017.0087.01
accession number
2017.0087
This two-sided, ten-inch wooden slide rule is coated with yellowed plastic and has metal endpieces. A glass indicator is cracked on both sides and has metal and black plastic edges marked: DIETZGEN.
Description
This two-sided, ten-inch wooden slide rule is coated with yellowed plastic and has metal endpieces. A glass indicator is cracked on both sides and has metal and black plastic edges marked: DIETZGEN. On one side, the base has L, LL1, DF, D, LL3, and LL2 scales, with CF, CIF, LCI, and C scales on the slide. The top of the base is marked in red: DIETZGEN MANIPHASE MULTIPLEX VECTOR TYPE LOG-LOG RULE CAT. NO. 1735.
On the other side, the base has LL0, LL00, A, D, Th, Sh2, and Sh1 scales, with B, T, ST, and S scales on the slide. The top of the base is marked: EUGENE DIETZGEN CO. PATS. 2,170,144 2,285,722 MADE IN U.S.A. 108821. The top edge of the rule is marked in script: Dom Petrone. The bottom edge is marked: DP.
An orange leather case is marked on the flap: K+E. The front of the case is marked: P. Inside the flap is marked: GWU (/) Gerald (/) PETRONE (/) U of Md (/) Easton MD (/) MIT (/) PETRONE, RA. Lines 1–3, 4–5, and 6–7 are each in different inks and handwriting.
The Eugene Dietzgen Company of Chicago offered model 1735 from 1941 to 1952. "Maniphase" refers to an arrangement of scales in which the company added K and CI scales to Mannheim rules; the word is printed on several slide rules sold by the Eugene Dietzgen Company. This rule is similar to 1986.0790.01, but it has hyperbolic tangent and sine scales on the back of the base instead of DI and K scales.
Three U.S. Naval Academy professors applied for the patents mentioned on this slide rule in 1937 and 1938. These patents dealt with arranging and coloring scales so that problems could be solved in the fewest steps; they were also cited on Keuffel & Esser slide rule models 4080 and 4801. (See 1992.0437.01, 2007.0181.01, MA.318482, MA.334387, 1990.0687.01, and 1986.0790.03.)
According to the donor, the rule was purchased by his uncle, Rocco Anthony Petrone (1926–2006), while he was studying for a master's degree in mechanical engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1950 and 1951. After graduation he developed rockets for the U.S. Army. From 1966 to 1975, Petrone held various leadership positions at NASA, including director of the Apollo program (1969–1973).
Petrone passed the slide rule on to his brother, Dominic J. Petrone, who earned a BS in electrical engineering from Union College in 1950. Dominic gave the rule to his son, Gerald Petrone, who studied engineering at George Washington University in 1969 and subsequently at the University of Maryland at College Park. Gerald broke the indicator and acquired the replacement now on the instrument. He then passed the instrument to his brother, donor David Petrone, who studied electrical engineering at UMCP from 1971 to 1974. At some point, the original case was also replaced with a case from Keuffel & Esser. Several of the Petrones who used the slide rule marked it or the case with their name or initials.
References: Bruce Babcock, "Dietzgen Catalog Matrix," Journal of the Oughtred Society 5, no. 2 (1996), http://sliderulemuseum.com/Manuals/Dietzgen_CatalogMatrix_BruceBabcock1996_chart.jpg; William K. Robinson, "Slide Rules with Hyperbolic Functions," Journal of the Oughtred Society 14, no. 1 (2005): 55–62; Robert Otnes, "Dietzgen Patents, Runners, and Log Log Scales," Journal of the Oughtred Society 5, no. 2 (1996): 45–48; Lyman M. Kells, Willis F. Kern, and James R. Bland, "Slide Rule" (U.S. Patent 2,170,144 issued August 22, 1939), and "Slide Rule" (U.S. Patent 2,285,722 issued June 9, 1942); accession file; "Candidates for Union College Degrees," Evening Recorder, Amsterdam, N.Y. (June 8, 1950), 5.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1950-1951
maker
Eugene Dietzgen Company
ID Number
2013.0040.01
accession number
2013.0040
catalog number
2013.0040.01
This German silver protractor is in the shape of a quarter-circle. It is divided by half-degrees and marked by tens from 0° to 90°. Flat bars extend on both sides of the protractor. A movable arm extends from the vertex of the quadrant.
Description
This German silver protractor is in the shape of a quarter-circle. It is divided by half-degrees and marked by tens from 0° to 90°. Flat bars extend on both sides of the protractor. A movable arm extends from the vertex of the quadrant. A tab is cut out from this limb to permit reading the angle markings. The arm is secured by a brass thumbscrew that is near the origin point for the angle markings. The protractor is noticeably rusted and tarnished.
There is a signature on the bottom edge: E. D. – Co. (/) NEW YORK & CHICAGO. Around 1880, Eugene Dietzgen emigrated from Germany and became a sales distributor for Keuffel & Esser in New York. In 1885, he began to sell mathematical instruments on his own in Chicago. In 1893, his firm started manufacturing instruments under the name Eugene Dietzgen Company. However, this protractor was not advertised in Dietzgen catalogs that were published between 1902 and 1947.
Leslie Leland Locke (1875–1943) originally owned this protractor. A student at Grove City College, he earned a bachelor's degree in 1896 and a master's degree in 1900. He taught mathematics at Michigan State College, Adelphi College, and Brooklyn College and its Technical High School. He was interested in Peruvian quipu, mysterious and ancient systems of knotted strings used to store and communicate information and data. He donated his collection of early calculating machines to the Smithsonian and his early American textbooks to the University of Michigan.
Reference: Louis C. Karpinski, "Leslie Leland Locke," Science n.s., 98, no. 2543 (24 September 1943): 274–275.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
ca 1900
maker
Eugene Dietzgen Company
ID Number
2011.0129.01
accession number
2011.0129
catalog number
2011.0129.01
This one-sided, five-inch white molded plastic rule has a plastic indicator with a hairline and plastic edges. A, D, and K scales are on the base, with B, CI, and C scales on one side of the slide and S, L, and T scales on the other side of the slide.
Description
This one-sided, five-inch white molded plastic rule has a plastic indicator with a hairline and plastic edges. A, D, and K scales are on the base, with B, CI, and C scales on one side of the slide and S, L, and T scales on the other side of the slide. The top and bottom edges are beveled, with a scale of 5 inches divided to 32nds of an inch on the top and a scale of 12.5 centimeters divided to millimeters on the bottom. The top of the base is marked (in red): No. 1771 REDIRULE ® DIETZGEN MADE IN U.S.A. Three screws for adjusting the rule are on the back of the instrument. The rule fits in a brown leather sheath marked: DIETZGEN. The sheath fits in an orange paper box marked on each end: DIETZGEN Redi-Rule ® (/) 5 INCH POCKET SLIDE RULE (/) Molded Plastic, Leather Sheath 1771. The rule was received with an instruction manual, 1993.0357.02.01.
According to records of the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, Eugene Dietzgen Company began using the phrase REDIRULE to describe slide rules in 1944, applied for a trademark on the term in 1947, and received the trademark in 1953. According to Peter Hopp and Bruce Babcock, Dietzgen manufactured model 1771 of the Redirule or Redi-rule from 1941 to 1972. (Another Redirule, model 1776, had an additional six scales and metal endpieces.) Dietzgen's catalog for 1948–1949 describes model 1771 as "a real pocket companion" that "weighs no more than your pen."
References: Peter M. Hopp, Slide Rules: Their History, Models, and Makers (Mendham, N.J.: Astragal Press, 1999), 160; Bruce Babcock, "Dietzgen Catalog Matrix," Journal of the Oughtred Society 5, no. 2 (1996), http://sliderulemuseum.com/Manuals/Dietzgen_CatalogMatrix_BruceBabcock1996_chart.jpg; Dietzgen Redirule Instruction Manual (Chicago: Eugene Dietzgen Co., n.d.), http://sliderulemuseum.com/Manuals/M12_Dietzgen_1776_redirule_ref-P023.jpg; Ovid W. Eshbach and H. Loren Thompson, Self-teaching Instruction Manual: Dietzgen Decimal Trig Type Log Log Slide Rule (Chicago: Eugene Dietzgen Co., 1960), 107–108; http://sliderulemuseum.com/Manuals/Dietzgen_1734_Manual.pdf.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1953-1972
maker
Eugene Dietzgen Company
ID Number
1993.0357.02
accession number
1993.0357
catalog number
1993.0357.02
This 2-1/4" German silver and steel metal drawing instrument consists of a teardrop-shaped plate to which is attached a mechanism that is supposed to hold a larger serrated wheel and a smaller pattern wheel. The mechanism links the wheels to a bar that holds a pen point.
Description
This 2-1/4" German silver and steel metal drawing instrument consists of a teardrop-shaped plate to which is attached a mechanism that is supposed to hold a larger serrated wheel and a smaller pattern wheel. The mechanism links the wheels to a bar that holds a pen point. When the larger wheel is rolled along the edge of a T-square or straight edge, the pen point bounces up and down to make a dotted line that formed part of an engineering drawing.
The larger wheel (5/8" diameter) is marked with one of the trademarks for the Eugene Dietzgen Co., the superimposed letters E and D inside a circle formed by the letters C and o. The six smaller wheels (9/16" diameter) also have this trademark and are numbered from 1 to 6, representing six possible dotting patterns. All the wheels are made of brass. The instrument also has the trademark and is marked: EXCELLO. The arm holding the pen point is marked: DIETZGEN (/) GERMANY. The instrument is in a rectangular wooden bar-lock case covered with black leather and lined with green velvet. The top of the case is marked: DIETZGEN (/) “EXCELLO”. The top is also marked: GERMANY.
This dotting instrument was advertised as model 932S in the 1926 Dietzgen catalog and sold for $5.15. It was part of the Excello product line, Dietzgen's second-highest level of drawing instruments. This object was used in the physics department at Kenyon College. Compare to 1987.0788.02.
Reference: Catalog of Eugene Dietzgen Co., 12th ed. (Chicago, 1926), 57–59, 84.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
ca 1926
distributor
Eugene Dietzgen Company
ID Number
1982.0147.01
accession number
1982.0147
catalog number
1982.0147.01
This 5-3/8" steel, German silver, and ebony drawing pen is marked on the blade: E. D.–Co. UNION. A piece missing from the top of the handle may have been intentionally shaved away instead of accidentally broken.As part of its Gem Union product line, the Eugene Dietzgen Co.
Description
This 5-3/8" steel, German silver, and ebony drawing pen is marked on the blade: E. D.–Co. UNION. A piece missing from the top of the handle may have been intentionally shaved away instead of accidentally broken.
As part of its Gem Union product line, the Eugene Dietzgen Co. of Chicago sold similar drawing pens, described as 5-1/2" long, in 1904 as model 502 for $1.20 and in 1926 as model 623 for $4.00. Engineer William J. Ellenberger (1908–2008) owned this pen. For his biography, see 1981.0933.25.
References: Catalog of Eugene Dietzgen Co., 7th ed. (Chicago, 1904), 54; Catalog of Eugene Dietzgen Co., 12th ed. (Chicago, 1926), 61.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
early 20th century
maker
Eugene Dietzgen Company
ID Number
1981.0933.23
accession number
1981.0933
catalog number
1981.0933.23
This steel and German silver instrument has a needle point on one leg and a holder for a pencil lead on the other. The handle has vertical ridges above a single line of raised metal dots.
Description
This steel and German silver instrument has a needle point on one leg and a holder for a pencil lead on the other. The handle has vertical ridges above a single line of raised metal dots. The width of the compass is adjusted with a pin through the legs and a wheel around the pin between the legs. Additional thumbscrews allow adjusting of the needle and pencil points. The instrument appears to be a Federal Bow Pencil, model number 736B, advertised in 1926 by the Eugene Dietzgen Company of Chicago.
Reference: Catalog of Eugene Dietzgen Co., 12th ed. (Chicago, 1926), 60, 74.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
ca 1926
maker
Eugene Dietzgen Company
ID Number
1981.0933.21
accession number
1981.0933
catalog number
1981.0933.21
The citation information for this eighteen-page booklet is: How to Use a Slide Rule (Chicago: Eugene Dietzgen Co., 1942). After a description of the features of the slide rules sold by Dietzgen, the booklet gives a tour of the slide rule for beginners.
Description
The citation information for this eighteen-page booklet is: How to Use a Slide Rule (Chicago: Eugene Dietzgen Co., 1942). After a description of the features of the slide rules sold by Dietzgen, the booklet gives a tour of the slide rule for beginners. Instructions are provided for reading a basic set of Mannheim scales, such as those on MA.335270. Sample problems in multiplication, division, square roots, proportion, and trigonometry are solved. Additional scales, such as K and CI, are briefly described.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1942
maker
Eugene Dietzgen Company
ID Number
1981.0933.07
accession number
1981.0933
catalog number
1981.0933.07
This steel instrument has a needle point on one leg and a pen point on the other. A cross-hatched handle is attached to a ring, which in turn is attached to the legs.
Description
This steel instrument has a needle point on one leg and a pen point on the other. A cross-hatched handle is attached to a ring, which in turn is attached to the legs. A screw goes through both legs, with the nut for setting the compass at a desired width outside the leg with the needle point. Additional thumbscrews allow adjusting of the needle and pen points.
The instrument appears to be a Champion Bow Pen, model number 738C, advertised in 1926 by the Eugene Dietzgen Company of Chicago. The leg with the needle point has handwriting: P M LARSEN. Engraved on the other leg is the word EXCELLO and the Dietzgen logo.
Reference: Catalog of Eugene Dietzgen Co., 12th ed. (Chicago, 1926), 59, 74.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
ca 1926
maker
Eugene Dietzgen Company
ID Number
1981.0933.22
accession number
1981.0933
catalog number
1981.0933.22
This 12-inch triangular boxwood rule has indentations along each side. On one side, one edge has a scale divided to 1/16" and numbered by ones from 0 to 12. The other edge has scales for 3/32" and 3/16" to the foot.
Description
This 12-inch triangular boxwood rule has indentations along each side. On one side, one edge has a scale divided to 1/16" and numbered by ones from 0 to 12. The other edge has scales for 3/32" and 3/16" to the foot. Between these scales is a scale divided to 3/32", numbered from left to right by fours from 0 to 124, and numbered from right to left by twos from 0 to 62. This side is marked: 1626 DIETZGEN U.S. ST'D.
One edge of the second side has scales for 1/2" and 1" to the foot. Between these scales is a scale divided to 1/2", numbered from left to right by twos from 0 to 20 and from right to left by ones from 0 to 10. The other edge has scales for 1/8" and 1/4" to the foot. Between these scales is a scale divided to 1/8", numbered from left to right by fours from 0 to 92 and from right to left by twos from 0 to 46.
One edge of the third side has scales for 3/8" and 3/4" to the foot. Between these scales is a scale divided to 3/8", numbered from left to right by twos from 0 to 28 and from right to left by ones from 0 to 14. The other edge has scales for 1-1/2" and 3" to the foot. Between these scales is a scale divided to 1-1/2", numbered from left to right by ones from 0 to 4 and from right to left by ones from 0 to 2. Some of the numberings are inside the indentations, similar to 1981.0933.11.
The Eugene Dietzgen Company sold model 1626 from at least 1904, when it cost 90¢, to at least 1926, when it cost $1.20. William J. Ellenberger (1908–2008), who donated this object, studied electrical and mechanical engineering at The George Washington University between 1925 and 1934. He then worked for the Potomac Electric Power Company and the National Bureau of Standards. During World War II, he served in the U.S. Army Signal Corps. He was a civilian construction management engineer for the army from 1954 to 1968, when he became a private consultant.
References: Catalogue & Price List of Eugene Dietzgen Co., 7th ed. (Chicago, 1904), 160; Catalogue & Price List of Eugene Dietzgen Co., 12th ed. (Chicago, 1926), 168; "The GW Engineering Hall of Fame 2006 Inductees," http://www.weas.gwu.edu/ifaf/hall_of_fame_inductees_2006.php.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
ca 1920
maker
Eugene Dietzgen Company
ID Number
1981.0933.13
catalog number
1981.0933.13
accession number
1981.0933

Our collection database is a work in progress. We may update this record based on further research and review. Learn more about our approach to sharing our collection online.

If you would like to know how you can use content on this page, see the Smithsonian's Terms of Use. If you need to request an image for publication or other use, please visit Rights and Reproductions.