Transportation

Americans have always been a people on the move—on rails, roads, and waterways (for travel through the air, visit the National Air and Space Museum). In the transportation collections, railroad objects range from tools, tracks, and many train models to the massive 1401, a 280-ton locomotive built in 1926. Road vehicles include coaches, buggies, wagons, trucks, motorcycles, bicycles, and automobiles—from the days before the Model T to modern race cars. The accessories of travel are part of the collections, too, from streetlights, gas pumps, and traffic signals to goggles and overcoats.

In the maritime collections, more than 7,000 design plans and scores of ship models show the evolution of sailing ships and other vessels. Other items range from scrimshaw, photographs, and marine paintings to life jackets from the Titanic.

Administered by the non-profit American Advertising Federation, the Addy Award competition recognized the Vince and Larry seat belt campaign during its first year.
Description
Administered by the non-profit American Advertising Federation, the Addy Award competition recognized the Vince and Larry seat belt campaign during its first year. This round, gold-colored plate contains the following inscriptions: 1985 ADDY BEST OF SHOW, LEO BURNETT CO., U.S, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION SAFETY BELTS CAMPAIGN and the names of Joel Machak, Jim Ferguson, and other team members. Machak and Ferguson co-created the Vince and Larry crash test dummy characters while working at Leo Burnett, a talent company in Chicago. The Ad Council and the U. S. Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) contracted with Leo Burnett to produce a series of public service announcements on television and radio promoting the use of seat belts. The Leo Burnett team turned to humor; the fast-paced commercials used wrong behavior to show the consequences of sudden deceleration without seat belts. Actors portrayed the kinetic misadventures of Vince, an experienced crash dummy, and Larry, a newcomer. The persistent, thought-provoking theme was that only dummies neglect to wear seat belts. The harsh consequences of this choice were played out in slapstick and mechanical ballet that could be funny and shocking at the same time. The commercials are credited with dramatically increasing seat belt use and influencing the passage of compulsory seat belt user laws at the state level.
date made
1985
ID Number
2010.0111.02
catalog number
2010.0111.02
accession number
2010.0111
This Peterbilt single-sleeper tractor was owned by Werner Enterprises, a national freight carrier founded in 1956. As high speed, limited access highways were built, demand to move small goods created opportunities for trucking companies and truck builders.
Description
This Peterbilt single-sleeper tractor was owned by Werner Enterprises, a national freight carrier founded in 1956. As high speed, limited access highways were built, demand to move small goods created opportunities for trucking companies and truck builders. Tractor-trailers replaced freight trains for many types of products. Peterbilt began making log and lumber trucks in the late 1930s and was known for tailoring its custom designed trucks to the needs of truckers. Peterbilt also pioneered the use of aluminum, which allowed greater cargo weight within legal limits. Model 359, one of Peterbilt’s workhorses, was manufactured from 1967 to 1987.
date made
1984
used date
1984-1987
maker
Peterbilt Motors Company
ID Number
2003.0008.01
accession number
2003.0008
catalog number
2003.0008.01
This model was built for its inventors (two brothers from Montana) by a Chicago firm, run by J. T. H. Paterson, Proprietor. Raw materials were loaded into one side and mixed concrete unloaded on the other.Regal Model and Tool Works (122 S. Clarke Street, Chicago, Illinois, J. T.
Description
This model was built for its inventors (two brothers from Montana) by a Chicago firm, run by J. T. H. Paterson, Proprietor. Raw materials were loaded into one side and mixed concrete unloaded on the other.
Regal Model and Tool Works (122 S. Clarke Street, Chicago, Illinois, J. T. H. Paterson, Proprietor) built this model for two inventors, who were brothers from Montana. This cement mixer was patented.
Date made
ca 1910
ID Number
MC.316501
catalog number
316501
accession number
224662
The Bell Gasoline Saver was manufactured by the Bell Gasoline Saver Company, Inc. of Washington, DC around 1917. The device screwed into the intake manifold and had a ball valve on each end.
Description
The Bell Gasoline Saver was manufactured by the Bell Gasoline Saver Company, Inc. of Washington, DC around 1917. The device screwed into the intake manifold and had a ball valve on each end. The upper valve could be adjusted by a set-screw to prevent the ball from being sucked into the engine. Bell claimed that the optimal airflow allowed for carbon elimination, more power, and less gasoline consumption.
As more and more Americans took to the wheel, they often tinkered with their cars so that they more effectively suited their needs, or to overcome early automobiles' very obvious limitations. A users could buy kits that converted Model T's into a stationary engine, lights, turn signals, anti-theft devices, and a host of other products that the makers of auto accessories touted as essential and useful. Although not all of them worked, or were successful, some of these early add-ons, became standard features on later cars.
date made
ca 1915-1920
Associated Name
Page, Robert Newton
Saunders, Edward Watts
maker
Bell Gasoline Saver Company, Inc.
ID Number
1986.0971.01
accession number
1986.0971
catalog number
1986.0971.01
86.0971.01
accession number
1986.0971
This is a Model D-77 balloon-tire Schwinn Panther girl's bicycle made by Arnold, Schwinn and Co., Chicago, Illinois in 1953.
Description
This is a Model D-77 balloon-tire Schwinn Panther girl's bicycle made by Arnold, Schwinn and Co., Chicago, Illinois in 1953. Balloon-tire bicycles for girls and boys, introduced by Schwinn in 1933, intrigued millions of young Americans with the promise of personal mobility, and appealed to their imaginations with features that simulated automobiles and motorcycles. A typical model had long fenders, whitewall tires, streamlined styling, and a dummy gasoline tank containing a battery-powered horn. Mechanical features included internal-expanding brakes and shock-absorbing spring forks. Sales of children's balloon tire bicycles increased after World War II and remained strong until the late 1950s. Schwinn was an innovator and one of the largest makers of bicycles at the time.
date made
1953
maker
Arnold, Schwinn and Co.
ID Number
1986.1021.01
accession number
1986.1021
catalog number
1986.1021.01
This three-spring delivery wagon was purchased from a collection in Baltimore, Maryland. It was collected to help build the museum's examples of common commercial horse drawn wagons used at the turn of the 20th century.
Description
This three-spring delivery wagon was purchased from a collection in Baltimore, Maryland. It was collected to help build the museum's examples of common commercial horse drawn wagons used at the turn of the 20th century. This type of wagon was used to deliver all kinds of light goods to homes and businesses. The wagon’s striping and scroll work was repainted in 1978 using the original patterns on the wagon. There is a label on the wagon marked "M. Martin, builder, Raspeburg, Md." Max Martin was a wheelwright, carriage, and wagon builder in Raspeburg, Maryland around 1914.
date made
ca 1900
maker
Martin, M.
ID Number
TR.336470
accession number
1978.0988
catalog number
336470
In the 1890s the popularity of safety bicycles, which had smaller wheels than high-wheelers and were easier to ride, led to a social revolution.
Description
In the 1890s the popularity of safety bicycles, which had smaller wheels than high-wheelers and were easier to ride, led to a social revolution. Women rode bicycles for the first time, men and women socialized on wheels, and millions of Americans took to the road for pleasure trips and practical purposes. These developments created a market for biking accessories like this decorative metal box. The images embossed on the lid – two well-dressed women, one wearing a skirt and the other wearing bloomers, biking on a dirt road near a village and a lake –symbolized the appeal of the biking revolution. Pleasure, speed, fresh air, and adventure were available for the price of a bicycle, and a new adventure lay around every bend in the road.
ID Number
1990.0294.06
catalog number
1990.0294.06
accession number
1990.0294
Earl Kiser’s brief career as a bicycle and automobile racer spanned the height of the safety bicycle craze in the 1890s and the proliferation of automobiles and race cars in the first years of the twentieth century.
Description
Earl Kiser’s brief career as a bicycle and automobile racer spanned the height of the safety bicycle craze in the 1890s and the proliferation of automobiles and race cars in the first years of the twentieth century. Newspapers and magazines took note of Kiser’s budding career as a bicycle racer and popularized nicknames that reflected his swift rise to fame: the Little Dayton Demon, referring to his hometown of Dayton, Ohio; the Little Wonder; and the Pocket Hercules for his short, muscular physique. In the late 1890s, he competed in bicycle races in many cities and scored first place finishes in some of them. The Associated Cycling Clubs of Philadelphia presented this half-mile championship gold medal to Kiser on August 7, 1897. He drove race cars in the early 1900s and defeated well known drivers such as Barney Oldfield and Louis Chevrolet. Tragically, Kiser had a leg amputated in 1905 after he lost control of a Winton race car and crashed into a fence, crushing his leg between the car seat and a fence post. He sold automobiles for a living in the 1910s and 1920s. Kiser’s widow, Francine Holland, donated this medal to the National Museum of American History in 1991.
recipient
Kiser, Earl H.
ID Number
1991.0116.01
catalog number
1991.0116.01
accession number
1991.0116
Earl Kiser’s brief career as a bicycle and automobile racer spanned the height of the safety bicycle craze in the 1890s and the proliferation of automobiles and race cars in the first years of the twentieth century.
Description
Earl Kiser’s brief career as a bicycle and automobile racer spanned the height of the safety bicycle craze in the 1890s and the proliferation of automobiles and race cars in the first years of the twentieth century. Newspapers and magazines took note of Kiser’s budding career as a bicycle racer and popularized nicknames that celebrated his swift rise to fame: the Little Dayton Demon, referring to his hometown of Dayton, Ohio; the Little Wonder; and the Pocket Hercules for his short, muscular physique. On September 15, 1893, the Darke County Agricultural Society awarded this gold medal to Kiser for first place in a bicycle race in Greenville, Ohio, 35 miles from Dayton. He was 17 years old. In the late 1890s, he competed in bicycle races in many cities, sometimes sprinting to victory in exciting, come-from-behind finishes. Kiser joined the Yellow Fellow Team, sponsored by the maker of Stearns Yellow Fellow bicycles, and impressed race track audiences in Europe. He drove race cars in the early 1900s and defeated well known drivers such as Barney Oldfield and Louis Chevrolet. Tragically, Kiser had a leg amputated in 1905 after he lost control of a Winton race car and crashed into a fence, crushing his leg between the car seat and a fence post. He sold automobiles for a living in the 1910s and 1920s. Kiser’s widow, Francine Holland, donated this medal to the National Museum of American History in 1991.
ID Number
1991.0116.02
catalog number
1991.0116.02
accession number
1991.0116
The Scovill Manufacturing Company of Waterbury, Connecticut produced this transportation token during the early 20th century. The Scovill Company was established in 1802 as a button manufacturer and is still in business today.
Description (Brief)
The Scovill Manufacturing Company of Waterbury, Connecticut produced this transportation token during the early 20th century. The Scovill Company was established in 1802 as a button manufacturer and is still in business today. Scovill was an early industrial American innovator, adapting armory manufacturing processes to mass-produce a variety of consumer goods including buttons, daguerreotype mats, medals, coins, and transportation tokens. The center of the token has been removed to leave the shape of a “W.”
Obverse: The legend reads: GOOD FOR ONE FARE
Reverse: The legend reads: GOOD FOR ONE FARE
Location
Currently not on view
date made
early 20th century
maker
Scovill Manufacturing Company
ID Number
1981.0296.1411
accession number
1981.0296
catalog number
1981.0296.1411
Currently not on view
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1894
ID Number
TR.181658 [dup1]
catalog number
181658
accession number
35051
Sometime around her 17th birthday, Canadian Bernice Palmer received a Kodak Brownie box camera (No. 2A Model), either for Christmas 1911 or for her birthday on 10 January 1912.
Description
Sometime around her 17th birthday, Canadian Bernice Palmer received a Kodak Brownie box camera (No. 2A Model), either for Christmas 1911 or for her birthday on 10 January 1912. In early April, she and her mother boarded the Cunard liner Carpathia in New York, for a Mediterranean cruise. Carpathia had scarcely cleared New York, when it received a distress call from the White Star liner Titanic on 14 April. It raced to the scene of the sinking and managed to rescue over 700 survivors from the icy North Atlantic. With her new camera, Bernice took pictures of the iceberg that sliced open the Titanic’s hull below the waterline and also took snapshots of some of the Titanic survivors. Lacking enough food to feed both the paying passengers and Titanic survivors, the Carpathia turned around and headed back to New York to land the survivors. Unaware of the high value of her pictures, Bernice sold publication rights to Underwood & Underwood for just $10 and a promise to develop, print, and return her pictures after use. In 1986, she donated her camera, the pictures and her remarkable story to the Smithsonian.
date made
ca 1912
user
Ellis, Bernice P.
maker
Eastman Kodak Company
ID Number
1986.0173.38
accession number
1986.0173
catalog number
1986.0173.38
Before motels were common, homeowners earned extra income by renting rooms by the night to motorists who were passing through town. Tourist homes offered a more comfortable alternative to autocamps and roadside cabins.
Description
Before motels were common, homeowners earned extra income by renting rooms by the night to motorists who were passing through town. Tourist homes offered a more comfortable alternative to autocamps and roadside cabins. They had a homelike atmosphere and domestic comforts that equaled travelers’ home furnishings. Some even served meals. In the evening, hosts and guests often engaged in conversation in the living room. The most successful tourist homes grew into roadside inns, but most stopped serving travelers when chain motels spread across the United States. This hand-painted wooden sign welcomed motorists at a tourist home in Mountain Lakes, New Jersey, a rural community 25 miles from New York City.
Location
Currently not on view
ID Number
1984.0936.01
accession number
1984.0936
catalog number
1984.0936.01
84.0936.01
Founded in 1904 by wealthy financier Andrew Carnegie in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, the Carnegie Hero Fund Commission (CHFC) exists to honor acts of individual civilian heroism in the United States and Canada.
Description
Founded in 1904 by wealthy financier Andrew Carnegie in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, the Carnegie Hero Fund Commission (CHFC) exists to honor acts of individual civilian heroism in the United States and Canada. It is still active today; recipients include both the living, the dead, and persons directly affected by the loss of a heroic relative.
The emotional impact on the general public of the April 1912 loss of the ocean liner Titanic was astonishing, and the continually updated story lasted for months in the contemporary newspapers. In Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, the Commission felt inspired to honor all the heroes who had risked their lives in the rescue of the 700 passengers, so at their April 26, 1912 meeting they authorized a nine-oz. 22-k gold medal to be struck, mounted in an elaborate bronze base, inscribed and presented to the Smithsonian. The Smithsonian accepted the gift and displayed it before adding it to the National Numismatic Collection in the National Museum of American History.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
ca 1912
maker
Flanagan, John
ID Number
NU.13650
accession number
54893
catalog number
13650
The Scovill Manufacturing Company of Waterbury, Connecticut produced this transportation token during the early 20th century. The Scovill Company was established in 1802 as a button manufacturer and is still in business today.
Description (Brief)
The Scovill Manufacturing Company of Waterbury, Connecticut produced this transportation token during the early 20th century. The Scovill Company was established in 1802 as a button manufacturer and is still in business today. Scovill was an early industrial American innovator, adapting armory manufacturing processes to mass-produce a variety of consumer goods including buttons, daguerreotype mats, medals, coins, and transportation tokens. There is a triangle punched out of the center.
Obverse: The legend reads: CHI. SO. BEND & NO. IND. RY. CO.
Reverse: The legend reads: GOOD FOR ONE FARE/ R. R. SMITH/ VICE PRES.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
early 20th century
referenced
Chicago, South Bend & Northern Indiana Railway Company
maker
Scovill Manufacturing Company
ID Number
1981.0296.1344
accession number
1981.0296
catalog number
1981.0296.1344
The Scovill Manufacturing Company of Waterbury, Connecticut produced this transportation token in 1906. The Scovill Company was established in 1802 as a button manufacturer and is still in business today.
Description (Brief)
The Scovill Manufacturing Company of Waterbury, Connecticut produced this transportation token in 1906. The Scovill Company was established in 1802 as a button manufacturer and is still in business today. Scovill was an early industrial American innovator, adapting armory manufacturing processes to mass-produce a variety of consumer goods including buttons, daguerreotype mats, medals, coins, and transportation tokens. The token has a circular hole in the center.
Obverse: The legend reads: MUNICIPAL TRACTION CO./ CLEVELAND.
Reverse: The legend reads: 3 CENT TICKET 1906.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1906
referenced
Municipal Traction Company
maker
Scovill Manufacturing Company
ID Number
1981.0296.1345
accession number
1981.0296
catalog number
1981.0296.1345
The Scovill Manufacturing Company of Waterbury, Connecticut produced this transportation token during the early 20th century. The Scovill Company was established in 1802 as a button manufacturer and is still in business today.
Description (Brief)
The Scovill Manufacturing Company of Waterbury, Connecticut produced this transportation token during the early 20th century. The Scovill Company was established in 1802 as a button manufacturer and is still in business today. Scovill was an early industrial American innovator, adapting armory manufacturing processes to mass-produce a variety of consumer goods including buttons, daguerreotype mats, medals, coins, and transportation tokens. There is a star shape punched out in the center.
Obverse: The legend reads: CHI. SO. BEND & NO. IND. RY. CO.
Reverse: The legend reads: GOOD FOR ONE FARE/ R. R. SMITH/ VICE PRES.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
early 20th century
referenced
Chicago, South Bend & Northern Indiana Railway Company
maker
Scovill Manufacturing Company
ID Number
1981.0296.1341
accession number
1981.0296
catalog number
1981.0296.1341
The Scovill Manufacturing Company of Waterbury, Connecticut produced this transportation token during the early 20th century. The Scovill Company was established in 1802 as a button manufacturer and is still in business today.
Description (Brief)
The Scovill Manufacturing Company of Waterbury, Connecticut produced this transportation token during the early 20th century. The Scovill Company was established in 1802 as a button manufacturer and is still in business today. Scovill was an early industrial American innovator, adapting armory manufacturing processes to mass-produce a variety of consumer goods including buttons, daguerreotype mats, medals, coins, and transportation tokens.
Obverse: The legend reads: CHI. SO. BEND & NO. IND. RY. CO.
Reverse: The legend reads: GOOD FOR ONE FARE/ R. R. SMITH/ VICE PRES.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
early 20th century
referenced
Chicago, South Bend & Northern Indiana Railway Company
maker
Scovill Manufacturing Company
ID Number
1981.0296.1342
accession number
1981.0296
catalog number
1981.0296.1342
The Scovill Manufacturing Company of Waterbury, Connecticut produced this transportation token during the early 20th century. The Scovill Company was established in 1802 as a button manufacturer and is still in business today.
Description (Brief)
The Scovill Manufacturing Company of Waterbury, Connecticut produced this transportation token during the early 20th century. The Scovill Company was established in 1802 as a button manufacturer and is still in business today. Scovill was an early industrial American innovator, adapting armory manufacturing processes to mass-produce a variety of consumer goods including buttons, daguerreotype mats, medals, coins, and transportation tokens.
Obverse: The legend reads: CHI. SO. BEND & NO. IND. RY. CO.
Reverse: The legend reads: GOOD FOR ONE FARE/ R. R. SMITH/ VICE PRES.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
early 20th century
referenced
Chicago, South Bend & Northern Indiana Railway Company
maker
Scovill Manufacturing Company
ID Number
1981.0296.1343
accession number
1981.0296
catalog number
1981.0296.1343
The Scovill Manufacturing Company of Waterbury, Connecticut produced this transportation token during the early 20th century. The Scovill Company was established in 1802 as a button manufacturer and is still in business today.
Description (Brief)
The Scovill Manufacturing Company of Waterbury, Connecticut produced this transportation token during the early 20th century. The Scovill Company was established in 1802 as a button manufacturer and is still in business today. Scovill was an early industrial American innovator, adapting armory manufacturing processes to mass-produce a variety of consumer goods including buttons, daguerreotype mats, medals, coins, and transportation tokens. The center of the token is stamped out to form a “B.”
Obverse: The legend reads: BRISTOL TRACTION CO.
Reverse: The legend reads: GOOD FOR ONE FARE.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
early 20th century
referenced
Bristol Traction Company
maker
Scovill Manufacturing Company
ID Number
1981.0296.1329
accession number
1981.0296
catalog number
1981.0296.1329
The Scovill Manufacturing Company of Waterbury, Connecticut produced this transportation token during the early 20th century. The Scovill Company was established in 1802 as a button manufacturer and is still in business today.
Description (Brief)
The Scovill Manufacturing Company of Waterbury, Connecticut produced this transportation token during the early 20th century. The Scovill Company was established in 1802 as a button manufacturer and is still in business today. Scovill was an early industrial American innovator, adapting armory manufacturing processes to mass-produce a variety of consumer goods including buttons, daguerreotype mats, medals, coins, and transportation tokens. This token has three parts punched out in the center.
Obverse: The legend reads: CR&L Lines/CRL CO.
Reverse: The legend reads: GOOD FOR ONE FARE/CRL CO.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
early 20th century
referenced
Connecticut Railway and Lighting Company
maker
Scovill Manufacturing Company
ID Number
1981.0296.1350
accession number
1981.0296
catalog number
1981.0296.1350
The Scovill Manufacturing Company of Waterbury, Connecticut produced this transportation token in 1919. The Scovill Company was established in 1802 as a button manufacturer and is still in business today.
Description (Brief)
The Scovill Manufacturing Company of Waterbury, Connecticut produced this transportation token in 1919. The Scovill Company was established in 1802 as a button manufacturer and is still in business today. Scovill was an early industrial American innovator, adapting armory manufacturing processes to mass-produce a variety of consumer goods including buttons, daguerreotype mats, medals, coins, and transportation tokens. The center of the token has been punched out, leaving a “U” shape.
Obverse: The legend reads: UNITED RAILWAYS CO. OF ST. LOUIS/1919.
Reverse: The legend reads: GOOD FOR/ONE CITY FARE.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1919
referenced
United Railways Co. of St. Louis
maker
Scovill Manufacturing Company
ID Number
1981.0296.1452
accession number
1981.0296
catalog number
1981.0296.1452
The Scovill Manufacturing Company of Waterbury, Connecticut produced this transportation token during the early 20th century. Scovill was established in 1802 as a button manufacturer and is still in business today.
Description (Brief)
The Scovill Manufacturing Company of Waterbury, Connecticut produced this transportation token during the early 20th century. Scovill was established in 1802 as a button manufacturer and is still in business today. Scovill was an early industrial American innovator, adapting armory manufacturing processes to mass-produce a variety of consumer goods including buttons, daguerreotype mats, medals, coins, and transportation tokens. There are two semi-circular cutouts in the center of the token.
Obverse: Image of a bus in the center. The legend reads: COOKE STREET LINE, INC.
Reverse: Image of a bus in the center. The legend reads: GOOD FOR ONE SCHOOL FARE.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
early 20th century
referenced
Cooke Street Line, Inc.
maker
Scovill Manufacturing Company
ID Number
1981.0296.1354
accession number
1981.0296
catalog number
1981.0296.1354
The Scovill Manufacturing Company of Waterbury, Connecticut produced this transportation token during the early 20th century. The Scovill Company was established in 1802 as a button manufacturer and is still in business today.
Description (Brief)
The Scovill Manufacturing Company of Waterbury, Connecticut produced this transportation token during the early 20th century. The Scovill Company was established in 1802 as a button manufacturer and is still in business today. Scovill was an early industrial American innovator, adapting armory manufacturing processes to mass-produce a variety of consumer goods including buttons, daguerreotype mats, medals, coins, and transportation tokens. There are three sections punched out of the center of the token and a central legend of PRT.
Obverse: Small Keystone symbol at the bottom. The legend reads: PHILADELPHIA/PRT
Reverse: The legend reads: GOOD FOR ONE FARE/PRT/SCHOOL CHILDREN ONLY
Location
Currently not on view
date made
early 20th century
referenced
Philadelphia Rapid Transit Co.
maker
Scovill Manufacturing Company
ID Number
1981.0296.1432
accession number
1981.0296
catalog number
1981.0296.1432

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