Johann von Lamont, director of the astronomical and meteorological observatory at Bogenhausen, introduced this type of theodolite magnetometer in the 1840s. This example marked "Wm. Grunow, New York" belonged to the U.S. Military Academy at West Point and probably dates from the period 1873-1883. William Grunow was a native of Berlin who, together with his brother Julius, immigrated to the United States in 1849 and made microscopes in New York, New Haven, and again New York. When the partnership dissolved in the late 1860s, William began making instruments for physics research. He moved to West Point in 1883.
Ref: D. J. Warner, "Julius & William Grunow," Rittenhouse 3 (1989): 41-48.
Johann von Lamont, Handbuch des Erdmagnetismus (Berlin, 1849).
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