Shortly before the outbreak of World War I, psychologists in the United States began to use paper-and-pencil tests to evaluate such human characteristics as intelligence, manual dexterity, work skills, and academic achievement. The new methodology was used by the U.S. Army during World War I to test the intelligence of recruits. After the war, it spread widely in American schools, offices, and industry.
David Gold worked as a personnel officer from the 1920s into the 1970s. In this capacity, he accumulated a variety of paper-and-pencil tests which he donated to the Smithsonian in 1989. The tests date from 1920 to 1947 and are numbered in rough chronological order from 1989.0910.01 through 1979.0710.78.
Reference:
Accession file.
Our collection database is a work in progress. We may update this record based on further research and review. Learn more about our approach to sharing our collection online.
If you would like to know how you can use content on this page, see the Smithsonian's Terms of Use. If you need to request an image for publication or other use, please visit Rights and Reproductions.