Agriculture - Overview

From butter churns to diesel tractors, the Museum's agricultural artifacts trace the story of Americans who work the land. Agricultural tools and machinery in the collections range from a John Deere plow of the 1830s to 20th-century cultivators and harvesters. The Museum's holdings also include overalls, aprons, and sunbonnets; farm photographs; milk cans and food jars; handmade horse collars; and some 200 oral histories of farm men and women in the South. Prints in the collections show hundreds of scenes of rural life. The politics of agriculture are part of the story, too, told in materials related to farm workers' unions and a group of artifacts donated by the family of the labor leader Cesar Chavez.
"Agriculture - Overview" showing 1216 items.
Page 1 of 122
Advance Rumely Ideal Separator, 32 x 52
- Description
- Ronald Miller of Geneseo, Illinois, donated this threshing machine to the Museum in 1988. The bright red paint that covered the machine when new had faded, but wood and internal parts were in excellent shape, a testament to the care that farmers lavish upon their machines.
- Smithsonian conservators decided to accept the threshing machine without restoration, and this separator threshed oats at the 1991 Smithsonian Folk Festival, pulled by a Rumely Oil Pull 20-40 tractor.
- The 32 x 52 designation refers to a 32-inch cylinder and the 52-inch-wide threshing shoe. The 7-ton machine was designed to have four men pitching bundles of grain into the feeder; it could thresh over 2,500 bushels a day.
- Location
- Currently not on view
- date made
- 1923
- maker
- Advance Rumely Company
- ID Number
- 1988.0371.01
- catalog number
- 1988.0371.01
- accession number
- 1988.0371
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History, Kenneth E. Behring Center
Rumely Oil Pull Tractor, 20-40
- Description
- In 1923, John Ploesch purchased this Rumely Oil Pull tractor for $4,000 from an Advance-Rumely dealer in Woodbine, Illinois. He arranged with neighbors to thresh their crops, organizing what was called a threshing ring that lasted until 1948. The Rumely Oil Pull was belted to the threshing machine that separated the grain. Threshing became a major social event for farmers, laborers, and their families.
- The Rumely Oil Pull was the first tractor to use an oil cooling system, which kept the engine at a steady temperature no matter how heavy the tractor's load. The cooling system allowed hotter cylinders and easier ignition. The Oil Pull starts on gas but runs on kerosene, making it much lighter and easier to maneuver than its steam-driven predecessors. This Rumely Oil Pull weighs seven tons.
- Rumely engineers also made space for an extra person in the tractor's cab, gave the operator a clear view in every direction, and placed all the mechanisms--gear shift, clutch, foot brake, steering wheel, carburetor, and more--in easy reach. These new design elements helped the Rumely Oil Pull to surpass most old kerosene tractors, and many of these features were further refined in gasoline-powered machines.
- Because of their hot-riveted steel frame construction, Rumely Oil Pulls lasted through years of harvests. Some were still in use as late as the 1960s.
- Location
- Currently not on view
- date made
- 1923
- maker
- Advance Rumely Company
- assembler
- Miller, Ronald E.
- ID Number
- 1988.0372.01
- catalog number
- 1988.0372.01
- accession number
- 1988.0372
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History, Kenneth E. Behring Center
[Holy Land.] [Active no. 1970 : stereo photonegative,] 1907
- Notes
- Company catalog card included
- Similar to RSN 11235
- Currently stored in box 2.1.15 [111]. "Looks like Holy Land" on original envelope
- Date
- 1907
- 1890-1920
- 1900-1910
- publisher
- Underwood & Underwood
- photographer
- Jarvis
- publisher
- American Stereoscopic Co
- Local number
- RSN 10307
- Video number 09577
- Data Source
- Archives Center - NMAH
[Agriculture.] Photonegative
- Notes
- Company catalog card included
- Currently stored in box 3.1.73 [220B], moved from [181]
- Date
- 1920-1930
- publisher
- Underwood & Underwood
- Local number
- RSN 19148
- AC scan - AC0143-0019148.tif
- Data Source
- Archives Center - NMAH
Harvest Time at Santa Clara Indian Pueblo, New Mexico [postcard]
- Notes
- Series 1, Box 10, U.S.A.--New Mexico--Pueblos and Indians
- Summary
- The card is a brightly hand tinted photo of corn, squash, chiles and other items harvested by Pueblo Indians. Description on verso: "Santa Clara--near the town of Espanola--home of several makers of the famous Santa Clara pottery, is one of a group of Rio Grande pueblos which are very interesting to visitors. In the autumn the gorgeous coloring of their harvests of Indian corn, squash, chile, etc., together with the golden cottonweed trees, make a setting not soon forgotten."
- Cite as
- Victor A. Blenkle Postcard Collection, Archives Center, National Museum of American History
- Date
- 1920
- 1920-1930
- publisher
- Curtis Teich Company, Chicago
- Data Source
- Archives Center - NMAH
[Blossoms.] 21078 interpositive
- Notes
- Currently stored in box 1.2.15 [19]
- Date
- 1895
- 1921
- 1900-1910
- publisher
- Underwood & Underwood
- H.C. White Co
- Local number
- RSN 8080
- Video number 07244
- Data Source
- Archives Center - NMAH
[Blossoms.] 21080 interpositive
- Notes
- Currently stored in box 1.2.15 [19]
- Date
- 1895
- 1921
- 1900-1910
- publisher
- Underwood & Underwood
- H.C. White Co
- Local number
- RSN 8082
- Video number 07246
- Data Source
- Archives Center - NMAH
[Blossoms.] 21081 interpositive
- Notes
- Currently stored in box 1.2.15 [19]
- Date
- 1895
- 1921
- 1900-1910
- publisher
- Underwood & Underwood
- H.C. White Co
- Local number
- RSN 8083
- Video number 07247
- Data Source
- Archives Center - NMAH
[Blossoms.] 21082 interpositive
- Notes
- Currently stored in box 1.2.15 [19]
- Date
- 1895
- 1921
- 1900-1910
- publisher
- Underwood & Underwood
- H.C. White Co
- Local number
- RSN 8084
- Video number 07248
- Data Source
- Archives Center - NMAH
[Blossoms.] 21084 interpositive
- Notes
- Currently stored in box 1.2.15 [19]
- Date
- 1895
- 1921
- 1900-1910
- publisher
- Underwood & Underwood
- H.C. White Co
- Local number
- RSN 8086
- Video number 07250
- Data Source
- Archives Center - NMAH

