Work - Overview
The tools, rules, and relationships of the workplace illustrate some of the enduring collaborations and conflicts in the everyday life of the nation. The Museum has more than 5,000 traditional American tools, chests, and simple machines for working wood, stone, metal, and leather. Materials on welding, riveting, and iron and steel construction tell a more industrial version of the story. Computers, industrial robots, and other artifacts represent work in the Information Age.
But work is more than just tools. The collections include a factory gate, the motion-study photographs of Frank and Lillian Gilbreth, and more than 3,000 work incentive posters. The rise of the factory system is measured, in part, by time clocks in the collections. More than 9,000 items bring in the story of labor unions, strikes, and demonstrations over trade and economic issues.
"Work - Overview" showing 26 items.
Page 1 of 3
Fire Helmet, "Citizen 3"
- Description
- The traditional American leather firefighter’s helmet with its distinctive long rear brim, frontpiece, and crest adornment was first developed around 1821-1836 in New York City. Henry T. Gratacap, a New York City luggage maker by trade, is often credited as the developer of this style of fire helmet. Gratacap created a specially treated leather helmet with a segmented “comb” design that led to unparalleled durability and strength. The elongated rear brim (also known as a duckbill or beavertail) and frontpiece were 19th century innovations that remain the most identifiable feature of firefighter’s helmets. The body of the helmet was primarily designed to deflect falling debris, the rear brim prevented water from running down firefighters’ backs, and their sturdy crowns could aid, if necessary, in breaking windows.
- This black leather helmet dates to the 19th century. The hat has eight combs and is painted black overall. A metal eagle’s head mounted to the crown of the helmet serves as a frontpiece holder. The black leather frontpiece reads “CITIZEN/3”. An ivy-vine scroll pattern is stamped around the brim of the helmet, with the initials “U.F.I.” painted in gold with red shading on the rear brim. The United Firemen’s Insurance Company was organized by thirty-two fire and hose brigades in Philadelphia in 1860.
- Location
- Currently not on view
- date made
- 1836
- maker
- Julstone
- ID Number
- 2005.0233.0222
- accession number
- 2005.0233
- catalog number
- 2005.0233.0222
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History, Kenneth E. Behring Center
Presentation Trumpet, "Washington Engine Co."
- Description (Brief)
- As more American volunteer fire fighting companies began to form during the late 18th century, a need emerged for better organized efforts in combating conflagrations. Engineers and officers would use “speaking trumpets” to amplify their voices over the noise and commotion of a fire scene to direct the company in effectively fighting the blaze. Two trumpet variants are reflected in the collection: plain and functional “working” trumpets that were actively used at fires, and highly decorated “presentation” trumpets. Presentation trumpets were awarded to firefighters in honor of their service, or between fire companies during visits, competitions, and musters.
- This speaking trumpet was presented by the Philadelphia Engine Company No. 18 of Boston to Philadelphia’s Washington Engine Company in 1832. The trumpet is made of brass, with a tin mouthpiece and an upper half sheathed in leather. A purple cord with tassels is attached near the mouthpiece, though it is of a later date than the trumpet itself. The brass trumpet is missing its bell, but the shaft is engraved with the inscription “Presented by the Philadelphia Engine Co. No. 18 of Boston to the Washington Engine Co. of Philadelphia, 1832." The Philadelphia Engine Company was founded in 1825 on Beacon Street, near Boston Common. Soon after this trumpet was made, the company changed its name to Lafayette and eventually disbanded in 1851. The Washington Engine Company was founded in Philadelphia in 1796 and would remain active until the city changed over to a municipal fire department in 1872.
- Location
- Currently not on view
- date made
- 1832
- maker
- unknown
- ID Number
- 2005.0233.0821
- accession number
- 2005.0233
- catalog number
- 2005.0233.0821
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History, Kenneth E. Behring Center
Work Trumpet
- Description (Brief)
- As more American volunteer fire fighting companies began to form during the late 18th century, a need emerged for better organized efforts in combating conflagrations. Engineers and officers would use “speaking trumpets” to amplify their voices over the noise and commotion of a fire scene to direct the company in effectively fighting the blaze. Two trumpet variants are reflected in the collection: plain and functional “working” trumpets that were actively used at fires, and highly decorated “presentation” trumpets. Presentation trumpets were awarded to firefighters in honor of their service, or between fire companies during visits, competitions, and musters.
- This highly polished brass work trumpet was used around 1835. The trumpet has a rounded band in the center, as well as a band around the mouthpiece and bell.
- Location
- Currently not on view
- date made
- 1835
- maker
- unknown
- ID Number
- 2005.0233.0857
- accession number
- 2005.0233
- catalog number
- 2005.0233.0857
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History, Kenneth E. Behring Center
Patent Model for Bed-and-Platen Printing Press
- Description (Brief)
- This patent model demonstrates an invention for a double bed-and-platen power press with a frisket at each end and is considered an unnumbered patent. The bed was raised by toggles beneath against the fixed platen. This patent provided the basis for the single-ended Adams Power Press, a well-loved iron machine later produced by R. Hoe & Co. In the 1870s it was still considered to produce finer letterpress work than any other machine on the market. It was pre-eminently a book press. Isaac Adams (1803-1883), with no schooling but ample inventive genius, introduced his power press at the age of 25 and derived his living from its success.
- Location
- Currently not on view
- Date made
- 1830
- ca 1830
- patent date
- 1830-10-04
- maker
- Adams, Isaac
- ID Number
- GA*11024
- accession number
- 48865
- catalog number
- GA*11024
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History, Kenneth E. Behring Center
Patent Model for Bed-and-Platen Printing Press
- Description (Brief)
- This patent model demonstrates an invention for a bed-and-platen power press with two friskets which carried paper under the platen alternately. The platen was drawn down by toggles against a fixed bed; it was to be powered by man, steam, horse, or water. The invention is considered an unnumbered patent.
- Location
- Currently not on view
- date made
- ca 1834
- patent date
- 1834
- maker
- Tufts, Otis
- ID Number
- GA*11025
- catalog number
- GA*11025
- accession number
- 48865
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History, Kenneth E. Behring Center
Fire Helmet, "Cataract Hose 1 M.F.D."
- Description
- The traditional American leather firefighter’s helmet with its distinctive long rear brim, frontpiece, and crest adornment was first developed around 1821-1836 in New York City. Henry T. Gratacap, a New York City luggage maker by trade, is often credited as the developer of this style of fire helmet. Gratacap created a specially treated leather helmet with a segmented “comb” design that led to unparalleled durability and strength. The elongated rear brim (also known as a duckbill or beavertail) and frontpiece were 19th century innovations that remain the most identifiable feature of firefighter’s helmets. The body of the helmet was primarily designed to deflect falling debris, the rear brim prevented water from running down firefighters’ backs, and their sturdy crowns could aid, if necessary, in breaking windows.
- This early-style leather helmet dates to approximately 1838. A marking on the interior identifies that it likely belonged to a “Cataract Hose 1” Company of the “M.F.D” fire department. The leather helmet has four combs. While many later helmets had a metal eagle frontpiece holder, this helmet has an eagle made of leather which is part of the front comb.
- Location
- Currently not on view
- date made
- 1838
- maker
- unknown
- ID Number
- 2005.0233.0141
- accession number
- 2005.0233
- catalog number
- 2005.0233.0141
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History, Kenneth E. Behring Center
Insurance Company of North America Fire Mark
- Description (Brief)
- Beginning in the 1750s, some American insurance companies issued metal fire marks to policyholders to signify that their property was insured against fire damage. The fire marks bore the name and/or symbol of the insurer, and some included the customer’s policy number. The company or agent would then affix the mark to the policyholder’s home or business. For owners the mark served as proof of insurance and a deterrent against arson. For insurance companies the mark served as a form of advertising, and alerted volunteer firefighters that the property was insured.
- The Insurance Company of North America issued this fire mark in 1830. This fire mark is based on the designs of Claudius Francis LeGrand, consisting of an image of a spread-winged eagle rising from a cloud embossed upon a cast iron oval with a beaded edge. A group of influential citizens in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania founded the Insurance Company of North America in 1792. The INA was the first joint stock insurance company in the United States, and focused its business on marine and fire insurance. The Insurance Company of North America and related companies merged with the Connecticut General Life Insurance Company in 1982 to become the CIGNA Corporation. A later sale made INA a part of ACE Holdings, where it still operates today.
- Location
- Currently not on view
- date made
- 1830
- maker
- unknown
- ID Number
- 2005.0233.0389
- accession number
- 2005.0233
- catalog number
- 2005.0233.0389
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History, Kenneth E. Behring Center
Fire Department’s Insurance Company
- Description (Brief)
- Beginning in the 1750s, some American insurance companies issued metal fire marks to policyholders to signify that their property was insured against fire damage. The fire marks bore the name and/or symbol of the insurer, and some included the customer’s policy number. The company or agent would then affix the mark to the policyholder’s home or business. For owners the mark served as proof of insurance and a deterrent against arson. For insurance companies the mark served as a form of advertising, and alerted volunteer firefighters that the property was insured.
- The Fire Department’s Insurance Company of Cincinnati, Ohio produced this fire mark in 1837. The rectangular cast iron fire mark features a raised central image of a double-decker hand pumped fire engine. The entire mark has been painted red. The Fire Department’s Insurance Company was established in 1837 when the volunteer fire engine companies in Cincinnati started an insurance company for the benefit of the department. Each fireman could hold only 50 shares personally, and each fire company could hold no more that 1,500 shares though its individual members or by itself. Ten percent of the dividend was given to the Fire Association of Cincinnati to create a fund for the relief of sick or disabled firemen. The company remained in business until around 1848.
- Location
- Currently not on view
- date made
- 1837
- maker
- unknown
- ID Number
- 2005.0233.0458
- accession number
- 2005.0233
- catalog number
- 2005.0233.0458
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History, Kenneth E. Behring Center
Fire Engine Plate, "Franklin"
- Description (Brief)
- At the core of any fire company is the apparatus used to fight fires and protect lives. This was particularly true of for the volunteer fire fighters in 19th century America. Often purchased with their own funds, their fire engines were the focus of their pride and affection, as well as their identities as fire fighters. Engine plates, often made of brass, would be prominently affixed to engines and inscribed with the company name, number, and founding date. Engine plates could pass from old engine to new, or be kept in the firehouse as a memorial to a departed apparatus.
- This rectangular fire engine plate with scalloped edges features the deeply engraved text “Franklin” in the center. There are holes at both ends, showing where it was attached to the machine. “Built by” is engraved in smaller text above “Franklin” and “C.E. Hartshorn N.Y.” is engraved below. Charles E. Hartshorn built a variety of fire fighting apparatus in New York City during the mid-to-late 19th century.
- Location
- Currently not on view
- date made
- 1838
- maker
- unknown
- ID Number
- 2005.0233.0924
- accession number
- 2005.0233
- catalog number
- 2005.0233.0924
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History, Kenneth E. Behring Center
Fire Engine Plate, "Stephen Thayer"
- Description (Brief)
- At the core of any fire company is the apparatus used to fight fires and protect lives. This was particularly true of for the volunteer fire fighters in 19th century America. Often purchased with their own funds, their fire engines were the focus of their pride and affection, as well as their identities as fire fighters. Engine plates, often made of brass, would be prominently affixed to engines and inscribed with the company name, number, and founding date. Engine plates could pass from old engine to new, or be kept in the firehouse as a memorial to a departed apparatus.
- This brass engine plate was attached to a fire engine made by Stephen Thayer from Boston, Massachusetts. Thayer operated his business from 1811 to 1861 producing a variety of fire engines and other machine parts. The brass plate is engraved with the text “Stephen Thayer/Maker/Boston, Mass./1838.” The plate has been mounted on a rectangular wooden board with four screws in the plate’s scalloped corners.
- Location
- Currently not on view
- date made
- 1838
- maker
- unknown
- ID Number
- 2005.0233.0957
- accession number
- 2005.0233
- catalog number
- 2005.0233.0957
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History, Kenneth E. Behring Center