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Thomas Springer could read and write, but we do not know if his wife and daughters were literate.

Skimming and Straining
 
Straining and Skimming [Milk], 1819.
From original in Graphic Arts Collection, Princeton University Library. Not to be reproduced without permission of the Library.

Women's education was often limited to domestic skills, resulting in a gap in literacy between men and women.
 

 
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