View inside a power-house showing 
vertical turbines.

Ad from Allis-Chalmers Manufacturing Co., for
"The Most Powerful Impulse-Wheels In The World."
From The Journal of Electricity, 1 April 1918
copyright, Smithsonian Institution

The print reads:

"46,000 Horse Power Concentrated in Two Units. Big Creek Plant No.1 - Cascada, California. 2160 Foot Head 375 Rev. per Min."

"Record Economy of Plant Due to Minimum Maintenance Cost.

"High Efficiency Of Water-Wheels and Correct Water-Saving Action by Governors"

     Hydro-power technology in the western US differs from hydro-technology back east due to differences in the nature of flowing water in the regions. Western "heads" (the vertical distance water drops in a fall or in an pipe-line) are generally much higher than in the east. However, water tends to be more plentiful in the east. The need to conserve water -- as seen here in the "Correct Water-Saving Action" of this product -- is not a recent phenomena.