New Women, Old Work

As some women claimed new economic power through paid work, as well as new political rights, labor in the home persisted. Domestic and care work had to be done by someone—usually another woman, who received low wages in exchange for her efforts.

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“Needles and Pins, Needles and Pins, When we get married, our trouble begins.”

Homemade pants, 1851—1852

Homemade pants, 1851—1852

Gift of David C. Moore

Three-year-old Frank Humphrey's pants were homemade out of a sugar sack. They were probably sewn by his mother, perhaps as she kept one eye on him. 

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Frank Alfred Humphrey, 1851

Frank Alfred Humphrey, 1851

Gift of David C. Moore

Little Frank Alfred Humphrey is seen here sporting his sugar sack pants.

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Chatelaine, 1890–1905

Chatelaine, 1890–1905

Gift of Mr. Frank E. Klapthor

When you think of ball and chain, you may not think of something this fancy. A chatelaine can refer to a woman in charge of a house, or to this decorative yet heavy set of tools that dangled from her waist.

Out to work

Out to work

Many unmarried women left home and entered the workforce in a big way starting in the 1890s. The shirtwaist became a symbol of these "New Women."

Turning gender roles inside out

Turning gender roles inside out

Courtesy of Library of Congress, LC-USZ62-98405

When a woman entered the paid workforce, a realm associated with men, someone still had to do the laundry–just not a man.