Precision Farming
In the late 1990s the advent of GPS-based location-tracking technology and computer analysis launched an agricultural revolution. U.S. farmers began using the new technology to “see” bigger variations within their fields and animals than they had ever imagined. Information became a new crop of the 21st century, making farmers more efficient and sustainable but increasingly technologically dependent.
Technology Transforms Farming
The satellite-based GPS system was first developed by the U.S. Departments of Defense in the 1970s. In the 1990s agricultural engineers began combining on-the-go crop yield readings with GPS tracking to create crop yield maps.
Crop Yield Monitor, 1993
Gift of Ag Leader Technology, Inc.
GPS receiver, 1996.
Gift of the Deere and Company
John Deere’s first production GPS receiver, nicknamed “green eggs and ham,” brought satellite control to the tractor cab. Farmers eventually came to use GPS to steer their equipment, avoid spraying the same spot twice, and discover exactly which areas of a field produced the most.
In 1994, engineer Terry Pickett argued that Deere and Co. should invest in GPS-based precision agriculture research. Company executives agreed, hoping to encourage farmers to buy new, more-efficient equipment. In 1996, John Deere launched its GreenStar Precision Farming System. Their brochure predicted, “Information is your new crop!"
Scale model of a John Deere 7290R tractor, a Case IH Magnum 380 tractor, and an Agco TerraGator high-flotation dry applicator
GPS receivers have become common on tractors, sprayers, combines, and farm equipment of all types. Farmers use satellite technology to guide their tractors, map their fields, control their planters and sprayers, and monitor their animals.
Cow neck tag with RFID transponder, 1980s
Modern dairies are increasingly technology driven. Operators use a variety of computerized devices to read and record data from each cow so they can understand variations within their herd. They record statistics on feed consumption, milk production, and animal health from each cow.