Tiny mercury-in-glass thermometer mounted on a silver scale that extends from -20 to +40 degrees, and that is marked "Reaur." René Antoine Ferchault de Réaumur was a French scientist who, in 1730, proposed a temperature scale according to which water froze at 0 degrees and boiled at 80 degrees. The thermometer is protected by a black leather case, and was probably designed for a traveler.
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