Mauritz Augenstein (1822-1892) was a Jew from Budapest who came to the U.S., fought in the Union Army during the Civil War, and patented a saccharimeter in 1870. This example is made of silver, and marked “AUGENSTEIN PAT. NOV. 15, 1870.” Check scale.
Ref: Mauritz Augenstein, “Improvement in Testing Instrument for Brewers and Distillers,” U.S. Patent 109,168 (Nov. 15, 1870).
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