Daily Life

Existing in the El Monte sweatshop was living hell. Experienced garment workers were recruited in Bangkok, Thailand with promises of good pay, weekends off, and high working standards. El Monte worker Malinan Radamphon recalled that the recruiter assured her “… in the States, no one can force you to do anything. It’s a free country.” Nothing could be further from the truth.

 

On arrival the workers were assigned an apartment in a seven-unit complex where they were held captive, sleeping upstairs and sewing downstairs. roomThe entire complex was enclosed by a security gate, razor wire, and a 24-hour guard. The workers slept up to nine in a room. The fear and disorientation of being held in a strange land, the guard force, and threats of physical harm to them and their families in Thailand, discouraged the workers from escaping.

 

The workers usually sewed 16 hours-a-day, seven days-a-week. Exhausted, they drank hot beverages and splashed water on their faces to stay awake. mugThe workers sewed on modern machines in what had been the garages, dining rooms, and living rooms of the apartments. The air in the sewing rooms was hot, stale, and choked with dust from the fabric. A typical day was waking up at 6:00 a.m., beginning work at 7:00 a.m., lunch around noon, dinner around 6:00 p.m., and ending work around midnight. Conversation was discouraged and socialization was limited to fellow workers within each apartment.

 

The owner of the operation Sunee Manasulangkoon, referred to as Auntie Sunee, was a tyrant. She would come around every morning at seven to make sure everyone was at work. The bosses were harsh and rude, constantly pushing them to work faster. The workers received wages averaging 69 cents-an-hour. From their meager earnings the sweatshop operators deducted money to repay the contracted debt. Sunee Manasulangkoon’s daughter-in-law, Rampa Suthaprasit, ran a company store in the garage of unit A where she sold canned food and personal supplies at inflated prices. storeOn Wednesdays the workers would give her a shopping list for meat and vegetables. The workers could write home to family and loved ones, but the sweatshop operators censored the letters, reading them and not mailing any that had descriptions of the captivity or horrible work conditions. Isolated and afraid, the workers resigned themselves to their fate. Asked about trying to escape, Malinan Radamphon explained “It was no use for me to even think about escaping because it was impossible given the barbed wire, given the 24 hour guards. I just accepted this fate that I am going to have to stay here and endure…”

 

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On August 2, 1995, police officers raided a fenced seven-unit apartment complex in El Monte, California. They arrested eight operators of a clandestine garment sweatshop and freed 72 workers who were being forced to sew garments in virtual captivity.
Description
On August 2, 1995, police officers raided a fenced seven-unit apartment complex in El Monte, California. They arrested eight operators of a clandestine garment sweatshop and freed 72 workers who were being forced to sew garments in virtual captivity. Smuggled from Thailand into the United States, the laborers’ plight brought a national spotlight to domestic sweatshop production and resulted in increased enforcement by federal and state labor agencies. The publicity of the El Monte raid also put added pressure on the apparel industry to reform its labor and business practices domestically and internationally.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
Late 20th Century
ID Number
1996.0293.01
accession number
1996.0293
catalog number
1996.0293.01
Esmeralda Bordales was an illegal immigrant working for S&K Fashion, a small apparel manufacturing operation in the Los Angeles garment district. Although her pay stub indicates that she worked 40 hours and received $ 155.30 neither are probably true.
Description
Esmeralda Bordales was an illegal immigrant working for S&K Fashion, a small apparel manufacturing operation in the Los Angeles garment district. Although her pay stub indicates that she worked 40 hours and received $ 155.30 neither are probably true. Sweatshop workers toil long hours and are almost always paid by the piece.
On August 2, 1995, police officers raided a fenced compound of seven apartments in El Monte, California. They arrested eight operators of a clandestine garment sweatshop and freed 72 illegal Thai immigrants who had been forced to sew in virtual captivity. Authorities also raided the front shop where Esmerelda worked. The 50 to 80 Latina employees in the front shop provided the theoretical source of garment production when representatives from retailers and manufacturers came to inspect facilities and the merchandise they ordered. However, even this shop was in violation of wage and hour codes. Workers, mostly women, finished the garments, put them on hangers, and added tags in preparation for delivery to stores and manufacturers.
date made
1995
ID Number
1997.0336.29
accession number
1997.0336
catalog number
1997.0336.29
This white envelope contained the pay for Aquelina Gaspar and was seized as part of the well-publicized 1995 El Monte sweatshop raid.
Description
This white envelope contained the pay for Aquelina Gaspar and was seized as part of the well-publicized 1995 El Monte sweatshop raid. The envelope is part of a larger Smithsonian collection of artifacts documenting apparel industry sweatshops, focusing on the El Monte operation.
On August 2, 1995, police arrested eight operators of the clandestine El Monte garment shop and freed seventy-two Thai nationals who had been working in a form of modern slavery. Workers, recruited in Thailand, were promised good pay and good working conditions. After signing an indenture agreement for $5,000 they were smuggled into the United States with fraudulent documents. The workers were paid about $1.60 an hour with sixteen-hour workdays in horrifying conditions. They were held against their will in a razor wire enclosed complex with an armed guard and were jammed into close living quarters. By 1999, eleven companies Mervyn's, Montgomery Ward, Tomato, Bum International, L.F. Sportswear, Millers Outpost, Balmara, Beniko, F-40 California, Ms. Tops, and Topson Downs, agreed to pay more than $3.7 million dollars to the 150 workers who labored in the El Monte sweatshop. As in most cases of sweatshop production, these companies contend that they did not knowingly contract with operators who were violating the law.
Location
Currently not on view
ID Number
1997.0336.28
accession number
1997.0336
catalog number
1997.0336.28
This letter, written in Thai, belonged to a worker in the El Monte sweatshop.On August 2, 1995, police officers raided a fenced seven-unit apartment complex in El Monte, California.
Description
This letter, written in Thai, belonged to a worker in the El Monte sweatshop.
On August 2, 1995, police officers raided a fenced seven-unit apartment complex in El Monte, California. They arrested eight operators of a clandestine garment sweatshop and freed 72 workers who were being forced to sew garments in virtual captivity. Smuggled from Thailand into the United States, the laborers’ plight brought a national spotlight to domestic sweatshop production and resulted in increased enforcement by federal and state labor agencies. The publicity of the El Monte raid also put added pressure on the apparel industry to reform its labor and business practices domestically and internationally.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1995
ID Number
1997.0268.10
accession number
1997.0268
catalog number
1997.0268.10
This letter, written in Thai, belonged to a worker in the El Monte sweatshop.On August 2, 1995, police officers raided a fenced seven-unit apartment complex in El Monte, California.
Description
This letter, written in Thai, belonged to a worker in the El Monte sweatshop.
On August 2, 1995, police officers raided a fenced seven-unit apartment complex in El Monte, California. They arrested eight operators of a clandestine garment sweatshop and freed 72 workers who were being forced to sew garments in virtual captivity. Smuggled from Thailand into the United States, the laborers’ plight brought a national spotlight to domestic sweatshop production and resulted in increased enforcement by federal and state labor agencies. The publicity of the El Monte raid also put added pressure on the apparel industry to reform its labor and business practices domestically and internationally.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1995
ID Number
1997.0268.11
accession number
1997.0268
catalog number
1997.0268.11
This letter, written in Thai, belonged to a worker in the El Monte sweatshop.On August 2, 1995, police officers raided a fenced seven-unit apartment complex in El Monte, California.
Description
This letter, written in Thai, belonged to a worker in the El Monte sweatshop.
On August 2, 1995, police officers raided a fenced seven-unit apartment complex in El Monte, California. They arrested eight operators of a clandestine garment sweatshop and freed 72 workers who were being forced to sew garments in virtual captivity. Smuggled from Thailand into the United States, the laborers’ plight brought a national spotlight to domestic sweatshop production and resulted in increased enforcement by federal and state labor agencies. The publicity of the El Monte raid also put added pressure on the apparel industry to reform its labor and business practices domestically and internationally.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1992
ID Number
1997.0268.14
accession number
1997.0268
catalog number
1997.0268.14
This sponge was sold for inflated prices in the El Monte sweatshop company store. On August 2, 1995, police officers raided a fenced seven-unit apartment complex in El Monte, California.
Description
This sponge was sold for inflated prices in the El Monte sweatshop company store. On August 2, 1995, police officers raided a fenced seven-unit apartment complex in El Monte, California. They arrested eight operators of a clandestine garment sweatshop and freed 72 workers who were being forced to sew garments in virtual captivity. Smuggled from Thailand into the United States, the laborers’ plight brought a national spotlight to domestic sweatshop production and resulted in increased enforcement by federal and state labor agencies. The publicity of the El Monte raid also put added pressure on the apparel industry to reform its labor and business practices domestically and internationally.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1989
ID Number
1997.0268.16
accession number
1997.0268
catalog number
1997.0268.16
This toothpaste was sold at the El Monte company store. Shop operators forced workers to buy food and personal items from them at inflated prices.
Description
This toothpaste was sold at the El Monte company store. Shop operators forced workers to buy food and personal items from them at inflated prices. The toothpaste was seized during a well-publicized 1995 sweatshop raid and is part of a larger Smithsonian collection of artifacts documenting apparel industry sweatshops, focusing on the El Monte operation.
On August 2, 1995, police officers raided a fenced seven-unit apartment complex in El Monte, California. They arrested eight operators of a clandestine garment sweatshop and freed 72 workers who were being forced to sew garments in virtual captivity. Smuggled from Thailand into the United States, the laborers’ plight brought a national spotlight to domestic sweatshop production and resulted in increased enforcement by federal and state labor agencies. The publicity of the El Monte raid also put added pressure on the apparel industry to reform its labor and business practices domestically and internationally.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
Late 20th Century
1990s
ID Number
1997.0268.17
accession number
1997.0268
catalog number
1997.0268.17
This packet of pills is an example of goods sold by the owners of the El Monte sweatshop.
Description
This packet of pills is an example of goods sold by the owners of the El Monte sweatshop. The highly priced products kept the workers in debt to the "owners" of the "business."
On August 2, 1995, police officers raided a fenced seven-unit apartment complex in El Monte, California. They arrested eight operators of a clandestine garment sweatshop and freed 72 workers who were being forced to sew garments in virtual captivity. Smuggled from Thailand into the United States, the laborers’ plight brought a national spotlight to domestic sweatshop production and resulted in increased enforcement by federal and state labor agencies. The publicity of the El Monte raid also put added pressure on the apparel industry to reform its labor and business practices domestically and internationally.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
Late 20th Century
1990s
ID Number
1997.0268.22
accession number
1997.0268
catalog number
1997.0268.22
This bar of soap was sold at the El Monte company store. Shop operators forced workers to buy food and personal items from them at inflated prices.
Description
This bar of soap was sold at the El Monte company store. Shop operators forced workers to buy food and personal items from them at inflated prices. The soap was seized during a well-publicized 1995 sweatshop raid and is part of a larger Smithsonian collection of artifacts documenting apparel industry sweatshops, focusing on the El Monte operation.
On August 2, 1995, police officers raided a fenced seven-unit apartment complex in El Monte, California. They arrested eight operators of a clandestine garment sweatshop and freed 72 workers who were being forced to sew garments in virtual captivity. Smuggled from Thailand into the United States, the laborers’ plight brought a national spotlight to domestic sweatshop production and resulted in increased enforcement by federal and state labor agencies. The publicity of the El Monte raid also put added pressure on the apparel industry to reform its labor and business practices domestically and internationally.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
Late 20th Century
1990s
ID Number
1997.0268.19
accession number
1997.0268
catalog number
1997.0268.19
These fortifying tablets were sold at the El Monte sweatshop company store for an inflated price.On August 2, 1995, police officers raided a fenced seven-unit apartment complex in El Monte, California.
Description
These fortifying tablets were sold at the El Monte sweatshop company store for an inflated price.
On August 2, 1995, police officers raided a fenced seven-unit apartment complex in El Monte, California. They arrested eight operators of a clandestine garment sweatshop and freed 72 workers who were being forced to sew garments in virtual captivity. Smuggled from Thailand into the United States, the laborers’ plight brought a national spotlight to domestic sweatshop production and resulted in increased enforcement by federal and state labor agencies. The publicity of the El Monte raid also put added pressure on the apparel industry to reform its labor and business practices domestically and internationally.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
Late 20th Century
1990s
ID Number
1997.0268.21
accession number
1997.0268
catalog number
1997.0268.21
This bag of mung beans was sold at the El Monte company store. Shop operators forced workers to buy food and personal items from them at inflated prices.
Description
This bag of mung beans was sold at the El Monte company store. Shop operators forced workers to buy food and personal items from them at inflated prices. The beans were seized during a well-publicized 1995 sweatshop raid and is part of a larger Smithsonian collection of artifacts documenting apparel industry sweatshops, focusing on the El Monte operation.
On August 2, 1995, police officers raided a fenced seven-unit apartment complex in El Monte, California. They arrested eight operators of a clandestine garment sweatshop and freed 72 workers who were being forced to sew garments in virtual captivity. Smuggled from Thailand into the United States, the laborers’ plight brought a national spotlight to domestic sweatshop production and resulted in increased enforcement by federal and state labor agencies. The publicity of the El Monte raid also put added pressure on the apparel industry to reform its labor and business practices domestically and internationally.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
Late 20th Century
1990s
ID Number
1997.0268.18
accession number
1997.0268
catalog number
1997.0268.18
This letter, written in Thai, belonged to a worker in the El Monte sweatshop. On August 2, 1995, police officers raided a fenced seven-unit apartment complex in El Monte, California.
Description
This letter, written in Thai, belonged to a worker in the El Monte sweatshop. On August 2, 1995, police officers raided a fenced seven-unit apartment complex in El Monte, California. They arrested eight operators of a clandestine garment sweatshop and freed 72 workers who were being forced to sew garments in virtual captivity. Smuggled from Thailand into the United States, the laborers’ plight brought a national spotlight to domestic sweatshop production and resulted in increased enforcement by federal and state labor agencies. The publicity of the El Monte raid also put added pressure on the apparel industry to reform its labor and business practices domestically and internationally.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1993
ID Number
1997.0268.12
accession number
1997.0268
catalog number
1997.0268.12
This letter, written in Thai, belonged to a worker in the El Monte sweatshop. On August 2, 1995, police officers raided a fenced seven-unit apartment complex in El Monte, California.
Description
This letter, written in Thai, belonged to a worker in the El Monte sweatshop. On August 2, 1995, police officers raided a fenced seven-unit apartment complex in El Monte, California. They arrested eight operators of a clandestine garment sweatshop and freed 72 workers who were being forced to sew garments in virtual captivity. Smuggled from Thailand into the United States, the laborers’ plight brought a national spotlight to domestic sweatshop production and resulted in increased enforcement by federal and state labor agencies. The publicity of the El Monte raid also put added pressure on the apparel industry to reform its labor and business practices domestically and internationally.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
1992
ID Number
1997.0268.13
accession number
1997.0268
catalog number
1997.0268.13
This bottle of Mucosolvan was sold at the El Monte company store. Shop operators forced workers to buy food and personal items from them at inflated prices.
Description
This bottle of Mucosolvan was sold at the El Monte company store. Shop operators forced workers to buy food and personal items from them at inflated prices. The respiratory medicine was seized during a well-publicized 1995 sweatshop raid and is part of a larger Smithsonian collection of artifacts documenting apparel industry sweatshops, focusing on the El Monte operation.
On August 2, 1995, police officers raided a fenced seven-unit apartment complex in El Monte, California. They arrested eight operators of a clandestine garment sweatshop and freed 72 workers who were being forced to sew garments in virtual captivity. Smuggled from Thailand into the United States, the laborers’ plight brought a national spotlight to domestic sweatshop production and resulted in increased enforcement by federal and state labor agencies. The publicity of the El Monte raid also put added pressure on the apparel industry to reform its labor and business practices domestically and internationally.
Location
Currently not on view
date made
Late 20th Century
1990s
ID Number
1997.0268.20
accession number
1997.0268
catalog number
1997.0268.20
Currently not on view
Location
Currently not on view
date made
late 20th century
ID Number
1997.0381.01
catalog number
1997.0381.01
accession number
1997.0381
Garment worker Siriluk Rongsak used this red ceramic mug while working at a sweatshop in suburban El Monte, California.
Description
Garment worker Siriluk Rongsak used this red ceramic mug while working at a sweatshop in suburban El Monte, California. The mug was seized during a well-publicized 1995 sweatshop raid and is part of a larger Smithsonian collection of artifacts documenting apparel industry sweatshops, focusing on the El Monte operation. The El Monte sweatshop, like the Triangle Shirtwaist fire in 1911 earlier, took on an iconic role as government and activists used media coverage to galvanize the American public into action.
On August 2, 1995, police arrested eight operators of the clandestine El Monte garment shop and freed seventy-two Thai nationals who had been working in a form of modern slavery. Workers, recruited in Thailand, were promised good pay and good working conditions. After signing an indenture agreement for $5,000 they were smuggled into the United States with fraudulent documents. The workers were paid about $1.60 an hour with sixteen-hour workdays in horrifying conditions. They were held against their will in a razor wire enclosed complex with an armed guard and were jammed into close living quarters. By 1999, eleven companies Mervyn's, Montgomery Ward, Tomato, Bum International, L.F. Sportswear, Millers Outpost, Balmara, Beniko, F-40 California, Ms. Tops, and Topson Downs, agreed to pay more than $3.7 million dollars to the 150 workers who labored in the El Monte sweatshop. As in most cases of sweatshop production, these companies contend that they did not knowingly contract with operators who were violating the law.
date made
1980 - 1999
ID Number
1997.0273.01
accession number
1997.0273
catalog number
1997.0273.01
This plastic rice bowl belonged to Jumnien Torusmee, who worked at a sweatshop in El Monte, California.
Description
This plastic rice bowl belonged to Jumnien Torusmee, who worked at a sweatshop in El Monte, California. This bowl was found in the well-publicized 1995 sweatshop raid and is part of a larger Smithsonian collection of artifacts documenting apparel industry sweatshops, focusing on the El Monte operation. Torusmee was one of 72 workers recruited from Thailand who were promised good pay and good working conditions. After paying $5,000 to be smuggled into the United States with fraudulent documents, the workers were paid $1.60 an hour with seventeen-hour workdays in horrifying conditions. In addition, the workers were forced to buy their food and products from the company store at inflated prices , including rice bowls like this one.
date made
1990 - 1999
1980 - 1999
ID Number
1997.0272.01
catalog number
1997.0272.01
accession number
1997.0272

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