Established in 1822 by Pedro I, Emperor of Brazil, the National Order of the Southern Cross was given to foreign nationals “as a token of gratitude and recognition for those who have rendered significant service to the Brazilian nation." It consists of an enameled 5-pointed Maltese cross. The obverse has “REPUBLICA ESTADOS UNIDOS BRASIL.” The reverse has five stars and “BENEMENTIUM PRAEMIUS.” This example was given to Chevalier L. Jackson (1865-1958), inventor of the bronchoscope, probably in 1935. The simple blue ribbon indicates a Knight, or lowest level.
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