Battle of Chattanooga

Description:

Capitalizing on the success of Civil War-related artwork during the 1880s and 90s, the Chicago-based printmakers Louis Kurz and Alexander Allison published a series of 36 battle scenes commemorating famous engagements of the war. All displayed idealized, panoramic representations of the battles with statistics of the killed and wounded below each image. Kurz and Allison did not consult photography or Civil War historians when designing their prints, instead relying on Kurz’s own first-hand experience as a soldier during the conflict. They included historical inaccuracies and eschewed aesthetic realism to remain true to earlier, pre-photographic lithographic traditions, which preferred bold graphics, black outlines, and figures performing grand, exaggerated gestures.

This 1888 chromolithograph commemorates the 25th anniversary of the Battle of Chattanooga, fought between November 23 and 25, 1863. After General Grant was given command over all of the Union forces in the Western theater, he resolved to break the Confederate siege of Union-occupied Chattanooga. After supplying the besieged Army of the Cumberland with supplies and reinforcements, he ordered an attack on the Confederate forces led by General Braxton Bragg. The Union Army was victorious, and the Confederacy had lost its last significant hold on Tennessee, opening the South for further-reaching invasions. In the print, Union and Confederate soldiers exchange fire across a creek. Some Union troops have managed to cross the river from the right, and engage with their enemies in hand-to-hand combat. In the background, a number of Union troops have begun to overrun the Confederate position on the high ground.

Louis Kurz was a mural and scene painter before the Civil War, explaining the mural-like format of the images. His illustrations also appear to have been inspired by cycloramas, which were popular at the time, such as Paul Philippoteaux’s Gettysburg Cyclorama. Kurz was an Austrian immigrant who settled in Chicago during the 1850s, where he formed a partnership with Henry Seifert of Milwaukee. He later fought for the Union Army during the Civil War. After the conflict, he co-founded the Chicago Lithographic Company. When the company’s assets were destroyed during the Chicago Fire of 1871, Kurz started a new business with his partner, financial backer, and business manager, Alexander Allison.