This illustrated introductory U.S. Army Technical Manual from 1946 describes the use of personnel classification tests by the Army at that time. It describes measuring both the aptitude and the achievement of soldiers, the better to classify and train them. Topics discussed include tests as scientific tools, test construction, test administration and scoring, test interpretation, tests at inductions centers, and testing used in selection and assignment.
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For a digital copy, see https://archive.org/details/TM12-260/mode/2up, accessed March 31, 2020. A digital copy of the version of this Technical Manual from 1942 was also online at this time.
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