Obverse Text: THIS CERTIFICATE IS REDEEMABLE BY THE TRUSTEES OF THE CHAMBER OF COMMERCE TENINO, WASH. FROM DIVIDENDS ASSIGNED TO IT FROM THE CITIZENS BANK OF TENINO, FOR THE AMOUNT OF FIFTY CENTS IN UNITED STATES CURRENCY / 170 / THIS CERTIFICATE IS REDEEMABLE ONLY UNTIL JANUARY 1, 1933. / SECOND SERIES. / ISSUE OF APRIL, 1932
Obverse Text: THIS CERTIFICATE IS REDEEMABLE BY THE TRUSTEES OF THE CHAMBER OF COMMERCE / TENINO, WASH. / FROM DIVIDENDS ASSIGNED TO IT FROM THE CITIZENS BANK OF TENINO, FOR THE AMOUNT OF TWENTY-FIVE CENTS IN UNITED STATES CURRENCY / 4434 / THIS CERTIFICATE IS REDEEMABLE ONLY UNTIL JANUARY 1, 1933. / SECOND SERIES. / ISSUE OF APRIL, 1932
Obverse Image: Center George Washington with a tear in his right eye; agricultural scene on left; factory scene on right, imitation geometric lathe border.
Obverse Text: COMMUNITY SERVICE BUREAU, INC. / TRADE INTERCHANGE CERTIFICATE / RELEASED TO / ONE DOLLAR / ORD NO 1 / TACOMA WASH
Reverse Image: Imitation geometric lathe border.
Reverse Text: TRADE INTERCHANGE CERTIFICATE COMMUNITY SERVICE BUREAU INC. / A WASHINGTON CORPORATION AT TACOMA, WASHINGTON / A-206
Reverse Text: THIS SCRIP IS REDEEMABLE BY THE TRUSTEES OF THE TENINO CHAMBER OF COMMERCE, INC. FROM THURSTON COUNTY WARRANTS AND THE ASSIGNED DIVIDENDS FROM THE LIQUIDATION OF THE CITIZENS BANK OF TENINO FOR THE AMOUNT OF TWENTY-FIVE CENTS IN UNITED STATES CURRENCY / NO. 1475 / REDEEMABLE DURING THE MONTH OF DECEMBER, 1933 / THIRD SERIES / ISSUE OF JANUARY, 1933.
During the Great Depression of the 1930s, regular money was withheld from circulation. Spending was curtailed, available cash was hidden, and, by the fall of 1932, runs on banks across the country were leading to "bank holidays" in state after state.
By the beginning of 1933, bank closures were becoming commonplace. Indeed, the new president, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, ordered a national bank holiday, during which time an army of examiners fanned out and checked the solvency of banks across the Republic. They certified the sound ones and closed the unsound ones. If people were hoarding money, and banks were locked up, how did buying and selling go on?
The brief answer is that local institutions supplied their own money. Towns and counties, factories and unemployment agencies, a fish processor in Massachusetts, and a college in California all created money for their communities. Emergency issues came from all of the forty-eight states, plus the territories of Hawaii and Alaska and the District of Columbia. The new money was mostly made of paper, but issues in leather, wood, tinfoil, and other materials also appeared.
In the Midwest, an idea first developed in Austria and Germany was tried in a number of places, including Norfolk, Nebraska. This Norfolk note bears simple designs, but the idea behind it was sophisticated. The city fathers reasoned that money would only be useful if it stayed in circulation.
And the best way to ensure that would be to require affixing small stamps to the back of the note, dated by hand. If they weren't added on a regular basis, the bill became irredeemable. The authorities also added pleas for circulation on the top and bottom margins of the note. From the stamps' use, the plan worked.
Reverse Text: TWO BITS / RAYMOND'S OYSTER MONEY / NO. 7207 / THIS CERTIFICATE IS REDEEMABLE-- FROM THE PROCEEDS OF DEPOSITOR'S CERTIFICATES ISSUED BY THE RECEIVER OF THE FIRST WILLAPA HARBOR NATIONAL BANK OF RAYMOND AND ASSIGNED TO RAYMOND CHAMBER OF COMMERCE, AND WITHIN TEN DAYS AFTER A DIVIDEND OF TEN PER CENT IS PAID, THE RAYMOND CHAMBER OF COMMERCE WILL PAY TO THE HOLDER THEREOF TWENTY-FIVE CENTS IN UNITED STATES CURRENCY / THIS CERTIFICATE WILL NOT BE REDEEMED AND WILL BECOME VOID UNLESS PRESENTED TO THE RAYMOND CHAMBER OF COMMERCE ON OR BEFORE July 1, 1933. PROVIDED A DIVIDEND OF AT LEAST 10 PER CENT HAS BEEN PAID PRIOR TO SAID DATE / ISSUE OF MAY, 1932
Litzmannstadt Concentration Camp & Ghetto in Poland, 1940
Obverse Image: A menorah and the Star of David.
Obverse Text: QUITUNG UBER / 50 / 50 PFENNIG / DER AELTESTE DER JUDEN IN LITZMANNSTADT . LITZMANNSTADT, DEB 15 MAI 1940
Reverse Image: Interlocking stars in purple ink.
Reverse Text: 50 / QUITTUNG UBER / FUNFZIF PFENNIG / NO 886060 / WER DIESE QUITTUNG VERFALSCHT ODER NACHMACHT ODER GEFALSCHT QUITTUNGEN IN VERKEHR BRINGT, WIRD STRENGSTENS BESTRAFT
Description
This note was issued under the order of Nazi officials during the Holocaust for use by Jewish people in concentration camps and ghettos. This currency could only be used in limited ways inside places of Nazi imprisonment and served as a device to further isolate and denationalize Jewish people.
Obverse Text: THIS CERTIFICATE IS REDEEMABLE BY THE TRUSTEES OF THE CHAMBER OF COMMERCE / TENINO, WASH. / FROM DIVIDENDS ASSIGNED TO IT FROM THE CITIZENS BANK OF TENINO, FOR THE AMOUNT OF TWENTY-FIVE CENTS IN UNITED STATES CURRENCY / 1024 / THIS CERTIFICATE IS GOOD ONLY DURING THE PROCESS OF LIQUIDATION OR WITHIN SIX MONTHS AFTER THE REORGANIZATION OF CITIZENS BANK OF TENINO. / ISSUE OF FEBRUARY, 1932
Obverse Text: THIS CERTIFICATE IS REDEEMABLE BY THE TRUSTEES OF THE CHAMBER OF COMMERCE / TENINO, WASH. / FROM DIVIDENDS ASSIGNED TO IT FROM THE CITIZENS BANK OF TENINO, FOR THE AMOUNT OF TWENTY-FIVE CENTS IN UNITED STATES CURRENCY / 398 / THIS CERTIFICATE IS GOOD ONLY DURING THE PROCESS OF LIQUIDATION OR WITHIN SIX MONTHS AFTER THE REORGANIZATION OF CITIZENS BANK OF TENINO. / ISSUE OF FEBRUARY, 1932