This circular metal badge belonged to a member of the fire department of Plainfield, New Jersey. The badge’s rim is decorated with an encircled hose. The ridged background of the badge holds a raised inscription that reads “PLAINFIELD/24/FIRE DEPT.”
Metal firefighter’s badges were a part of the firefighter’s uniform since volunteer companies began to proliferate in the early 19th century. As volunteer companies gave way to municipal fire departments during the mid–19th century, these badges became mandated by uniform codes. Badges served as official identification at fire scenes, as access to derelict buildings by unscrupulous citizens could result in looting. Fire badges came in a variety of shapes, most notably circular, shield–shaped, or the Maltese cross. While shield–shaped badges were often worn on the chest, circular and cross-shaped badges can be seen on jacket lapels or soft caps. Badges usually detailed the company’s name, number and department, and were often decorated with various symbols of the profession such as hose carriages, hand–pumped engines, hoses, trumpets, helmets, hooks, and ladders. For paid municipal companies, many badges also featured the badge number of the wearer.
This shield-shaped fire badge was made for a fireman in Engine Company No. 38 of the New York Fire Department between 1860 and 1865. The badge is made from white metal, with the raised company number “38” in the center made of Prince’s metal. At the top is the badge number “4” inscribed into a circular plaque. The badge has the initials “N.Y.F.D.” at the top and a raised image of a hand pumped fire engine at the bottom. This was the second type of badge issued by the New York Fire Department, after an 1855 ordinance by the Common Council authorized a badge to be issued to the city’s firemen. Exempt firemen received a badge in white metal with numbers cast in Prince’s medal. Firemen that had not previously served five years received badges made of Prince’s metal with white metal numbers. As a perk of their service, volunteer firemen who served a certain number of years were often “exempt” from various civic responsibilities such as jury duty, peace-time militia service, and certain taxes.
Metal firefighter’s badges were a part of the firefighter’s uniform since volunteer companies began to proliferate in the early 19th century. As volunteer companies gave way to municipal fire departments during the mid–19th century, these badges became mandated by uniform codes. Badges served as official identification at fire scenes, as access to derelict buildings by unscrupulous citizens could result in looting. Fire badges came in a variety of shapes, most notably circular, shield–shaped, or the Maltese cross. While shield–shaped badges were often worn on the chest, circular and cross-shaped badges can be seen on jacket lapels or soft caps. Badges usually detailed the company’s name, number and department, and were often decorated with various symbols of the profession such as hose carriages, hand–pumped engines, hoses, trumpets, helmets, hooks, and ladders. For paid municipal companies, many badges also featured the badge number of the wearer.
This badge likely belonged to a member of Hose Company No. 4 located in Baldwin, New York. The badge takes the form of a twisted hose with nozzle in the shape of a figure 8, with a fire helmet at its start. The hose reads “BALDWIN HOSE 4” in raised letters. This badge was likely a decorative pin worn on a lapel.
This is an uninscribed circular metal fire badge. The badge has a rim that is made to resemble a riveted hose. The badge is decorated with a fire helmet at the top, a fire hydrant in the center, and two crossed hose nozzles at the bottom.
Metal firefighter’s badges were a part of the firefighter’s uniform since volunteer companies began to proliferate in the early 19th century. As volunteer companies gave way to municipal fire departments during the mid–19th century, these badges became mandated by uniform codes. Badges served as official identification at fire scenes, as access to derelict buildings by unscrupulous citizens could result in looting. Fire badges came in a variety of shapes, most notably circular, shield–shaped, or the Maltese cross. While shield–shaped badges were often worn on the chest, circular and cross-shaped badges can be seen on jacket lapels or soft caps. Badges usually detailed the company’s name, number and department, and were often decorated with various symbols of the profession such as hose carriages, hand–pumped engines, hoses, trumpets, helmets, hooks, and ladders. For paid municipal companies, many badges also featured the badge number of the wearer.
The traditional American leather firefighter’s helmet with its distinctive long rear brim, frontpiece, and crest adornment was first developed around 1821-1836 in New York City. Henry T. Gratacap, a New York City luggage maker by trade, is often credited as the developer of this style of fire helmet. Gratacap created a specially treated leather helmet with a segmented “comb” design that led to unparalleled durability and strength. The elongated rear brim (also known as a duckbill or beavertail) and frontpiece were 19th century innovations that remain the most identifiable feature of firefighter’s helmets. The body of the helmet was primarily designed to deflect falling debris, the rear brim prevented water from running down firefighters’ backs, and their sturdy crowns could aid, if necessary, in breaking windows.
This leather fire helmet was made by Henry T. Gratacap of New York, New York in the early 19th century. The hat has eight combs, an embossed ivy-vine design around the brim of the helmet, and a metal eagle frontpiece holder mounted to the crown of the helmet. The leather frontpiece reads “FOREMAN/ENGINE/1/CHF.”
This circular fire badge was used by a member of the Excelsior Hose Company No. 4 of Kingston, New York. A spread–winged eagle is perched at the top of the badge. In the center of the silver badge is a brass image of a four wheeled hose carriage apparatus. The rim around the hose carriage reads “EXCELSIOR HOSE/KINGSTON, N.Y.” At the bottom of the badge is a plaque inscribed with the number “4” with two trumpets crossed behind it.
Metal firefighter’s badges were a part of the firefighter’s uniform since volunteer companies began to proliferate in the early 19th century. As volunteer companies gave way to municipal fire departments during the mid–19th century, these badges became mandated by uniform codes. Badges served as official identification at fire scenes, as access to derelict buildings by unscrupulous citizens could result in looting. Fire badges came in a variety of shapes, most notably circular, shield–shaped, or the Maltese cross. While shield–shaped badges were often worn on the chest, circular and cross-shaped badges can be seen on jacket lapels or soft caps. Badges usually detailed the company’s name, number and department, and were often decorated with various symbols of the profession such as hose carriages, hand–pumped engines, hoses, trumpets, helmets, hooks, and ladders. For paid municipal companies, many badges also featured the badge number of the wearer.
This shield-shaped silver-plated metal fire badge belonged to a member of the New Brunswick (New Jersey) Fire Department. The badge has a stippled background with upper and lower banners that read “NEW BRUNSWICK/FIRE DEPARTMENT.” A brass number “8” is in the center of the badge. The paid New Brunswick Fire Department replaced the volunteer companies in 1914, so the badge likely would have been used after that date.
Metal firefighter’s badges were a part of the firefighter’s uniform since volunteer companies began to proliferate in the early 19th century. As volunteer companies gave way to municipal fire departments during the mid–19th century, these badges became mandated by uniform codes. Badges served as official identification at fire scenes, as access to derelict buildings by unscrupulous citizens could result in looting. Fire badges came in a variety of shapes, most notably circular, shield–shaped, or the Maltese cross. While shield–shaped badges were often worn on the chest, circular and cross-shaped badges can be seen on jacket lapels or soft caps. Badges usually detailed the company’s name, number and department, and were often decorated with various symbols of the profession such as hose carriages, hand–pumped engines, hoses, trumpets, helmets, hooks, and ladders. For paid municipal companies, many badges also featured the badge number of the wearer.
Beginning in the 1750s, some American insurance companies issued metal fire marks to policyholders to signify that their property was insured against fire damage. The fire marks bore the name and/or symbol of the insurer, and some included the customer’s policy number. The company or agent would then affix the mark to the policyholder’s home or business. For owners the mark served as proof of insurance and a deterrent against arson. For insurance companies the mark served as a form of advertising, and alerted volunteer firefighters that the property was insured.
The Fire Association of Philadelphia issued this brass fire mark in 1859. The fire mark is painted brown, with a golden color showing underneath. The Fire Association’s fire mark consisted of a raised image of an early fire hydrant with hose attached, flanked by the letters F.A. in the center of an oval. The F.A. adopted a fireplug as their symbol to celebrate the contribution of Philadelphia's innovative public water system to their mission of fighting fire. The Fire Association of Philadelphia was an insurance company founded in 1817 by a group of eleven volunteer engine companies and five volunteer hose companies. A percentage of the Fire Association’s insurance company’s profits were distributed to the volunteer companies. The F.A. fire mark was extremely popular, and an estimated 40,000 fire marks were issued during the company’s history. The Fire Association operated until 1958, when it merged with the Reliance Insurance Company of Philadelphia.
The traditional American leather firefighter’s helmet with its distinctive long rear brim, frontpiece, and crest adornment was first developed around 1821-1836 in New York City. Henry T. Gratacap, a New York City luggage maker by trade, is often credited as the developer of this style of fire helmet. Gratacap created a specially treated leather helmet with a segmented “comb” design that led to unparalleled durability and strength. The elongated rear brim (also known as a duckbill or beavertail) and frontpiece were 19th century innovations that remain the most identifiable feature of firefighter’s helmets. The body of the helmet was primarily designed to deflect falling debris, the rear brim prevented water from running down firefighters’ backs, and their sturdy crowns could aid, if necessary, in breaking windows.
This leather fire helmet was manufactured by Cairns & Brother of New York, New York in the middle of the 19th century. The helmet has eight combs, with an ivy-vine pattern stamped around the helmet’s brim. A metal eagle’s head frontpiece holder is mounted on the crown of the helmet, with a leather frontpiece that reads “GOOD WILL / 20 / STEAM / FE Co” in pale letters. The Good Will Fire Engine Company No. 20, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania was founded in 1802 as a hand engine company. It acquired an Isaac P. Morris & Co. steam fire engine in 1859 and operated as the Good Will Steam Fire Engine Company No. 20 until 1871 when Philadelphia’s paid firefighting department was established. The steam engine was used by the Engine Company No. 17 of the paid city fire department from 1871 until 1888.
This Maltese cross shaped metal fire badge belonged to a member of the fire department of Jersey City, New Jersey. The cross has an image of a crossed hook and ladder on the left arm, the initials “J.C.F.D.” on the upper arm, an image of a steam engine on the right arm, and the number “71” in raised metal on the lower arm. The center of the badge is decorated with the state seal of New Jersey. The seal depicts the female figures of Liberty holding her liberty cap and pole and Ceres (goddess of grain) holding a cornucopia. The figures flank a shield with three plows representing the importance of agriculture, topped by a horse’s head facing left representing speed and strength. The Jersey City Fire Department was organized as a paid municipal fire department in 1871.
Metal firefighter’s badges were a part of the firefighter’s uniform since volunteer companies began to proliferate in the early 19th century. As volunteer companies gave way to municipal fire departments during the mid–19th century, these badges became mandated by uniform codes. Badges served as official identification at fire scenes, as access to derelict buildings by unscrupulous citizens could result in looting. Fire badges came in a variety of shapes, most notably circular, shield–shaped, or the Maltese cross. While shield–shaped badges were often worn on the chest, circular and cross-shaped badges can be seen on jacket lapels or soft caps. Badges usually detailed the company’s name, number and department, and were often decorated with various symbols of the profession such as hose carriages, hand–pumped engines, hoses, trumpets, helmets, hooks, and ladders. For paid municipal companies, many badges also featured the badge number of the wearer.
This oval fire badge is inscribed with the number “2” in the center, above a banner that reads “R.F.D.” Both inscriptions are filled in with black enamel. The rim of the badge is made to resemble riveted hose, and the badge is decorated with two crossed trumpets.
Metal firefighter’s badges were a part of the firefighter’s uniform since volunteer companies began to proliferate in the early 19th century. As volunteer companies gave way to municipal fire departments during the mid–19th century, these badges became mandated by uniform codes. Badges served as official identification at fire scenes, as access to derelict buildings by unscrupulous citizens could result in looting. Fire badges came in a variety of shapes, most notably circular, shield–shaped, or the Maltese cross. While shield–shaped badges were often worn on the chest, circular and cross-shaped badges can be seen on jacket lapels or soft caps. Badges usually detailed the company’s name, number and department, and were often decorated with various symbols of the profession such as hose carriages, hand–pumped engines, hoses, trumpets, helmets, hooks, and ladders. For paid municipal companies, many badges also featured the badge number of the wearer.
At the core of any fire company is the apparatus used to fight fires and protect lives. This was particularly true of for the volunteer fire fighters in 19th century America. Often purchased with their own funds, their fire engines were the focus of their pride and affection, as well as their identities as fire fighters. Engine plates, often made of brass, would be prominently affixed to engines and inscribed with the company name, number, and founding date. Engine plates could pass from old engine to new, or be kept in the firehouse as a memorial to a departed apparatus.
This brass engine plate was used by Philadelphia’s Vigilant Hose Company founded in 1844 and operated until 1863, when it was removed from the fire department by Common Council for not being in service for one year. The plate features the text “VIGILANT” above the number “3” engraved and filled with black enamel. There is a fancy filigree design above the arch and shield of the plate, and holes on the sides where the plate was attached to an engine.
As more American volunteer fire fighting companies began to form during the late 18th century, a need emerged for better organized efforts in combating conflagrations. Engineers and officers would use “speaking trumpets” to amplify their voices over the noise and commotion of a fire scene to direct the company in effectively fighting the blaze. Two trumpet variants are reflected in the collection: plain and functional “working” trumpets that were actively used at fires, and highly decorated “presentation” trumpets. Presentation trumpets were awarded to firefighters in honor of their service, or between fire companies during visits, competitions, and musters.
This painted tin speaking trumpet was used in active duty during the late 18th or early 19th century. The small trumpet is painted white with a black number “2” shadowed in red on the shaft. The word ASSISt: FOREMAN" is painted in black with red shadow around the trumpet’s bell. There are two small rings along the shaft that would allow for a strap to be attached. Trumpets were often a symbol of authority at a fire scene, and this trumpet was used by a company’s assistant foreman.
The frontpiece (also known as shield or badge) of firefighting helmets has been a distinctive part of the American firefighter’s helmet since it was developed by Henry Gratacap in the early 19th century. These frontpieces displayed a variety of information. The fire company's name and number appeared, often alongside the city or town where it was based. The frontpiece could also include the owner's initials and rank. Most fire helmets had leather frontpieces, but frontpieces could also be made of metal, especially on presentation helmets or those worn in parades.
This leather frontpiece was made by the William H. Wilson Manufacturing Company located at 135 Bowery Street, New York, New York between 1895 and 1900. The dark brown leather frontpiece has a banner at the top with soiled white leather letters that read “DUQUESNE.” There are two small recessed cutouts at the bottom of the frontpiece with the leather initials “FA” inside. This likely stands for "Fire Association". This frontpiece may come from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
This shield–shaped metal fire badge belonged to a member of the Town of Union (New Jersey) Fire Department. The silver badge has an upper banner that reads “TOWN OF UNION” and a lower plaque with the initials “F.D.” inside. There is a central decoration featuring a fire helmet with a trumpet, hook, ladder, lantern, axe, and hose all arrayed behind the helmet. The badge number “113” is in raised numbers underneath the helmet.
Metal firefighter’s badges were a part of the firefighter’s uniform since volunteer companies began to proliferate in the early 19th century. As volunteer companies gave way to municipal fire departments during the mid–19th century, these badges became mandated by uniform codes. Badges served as official identification at fire scenes, as access to derelict buildings by unscrupulous citizens could result in looting. Fire badges came in a variety of shapes, most notably circular, shield–shaped, or the Maltese cross. While shield–shaped badges were often worn on the chest, circular and cross-shaped badges can be seen on jacket lapels or soft caps. Badges usually detailed the company’s name, number and department, and were often decorated with various symbols of the profession such as hose carriages, hand–pumped engines, hoses, trumpets, helmets, hooks, and ladders. For paid municipal companies, many badges also featured the badge number of the wearer.
The frontpiece (also known as shield or badge) of firefighting helmets has been a distinctive part of the American firefighter’s helmet since it was developed by Henry Gratacap in the early 19th century. These frontpieces displayed a variety of information. The fire company's name and number appeared, often alongside the city or town where it was based. The frontpiece could also include the owner's initials and rank. Most fire helmets had leather frontpieces, but frontpieces could also be made of metal, especially on presentation helmets or those worn in parades.
This black leather frontpiece was made in the 19th century. The word “EMPIRE” is painted in gold on a blue banner with red trim at the top of the shield. A recessed white leather number “40” is in the center of the piece. The word “HOSE” is painted in gold above the initial “D,” but the initial before the “D” is missing. Empire Hose Company No. 40 operated in New York City in the early to mid 19th century.
At the core of any fire company is the apparatus used to fight fires and protect lives. This was particularly true of for the volunteer fire fighters in 19th century America. Often purchased with their own funds, their fire engines were the focus of their pride and affection, as well as their identities as fire fighters. Engine plates, often made of brass, would be prominently affixed to engines and inscribed with the company name, number, and founding date. Engine plates could pass from old engine to new, or be kept in the firehouse as a memorial to a departed apparatus.
This arched brass engine plate is engraved with the text “VALLEY FORGE” that is filled with black enamel. A foliate design is engraved and enameled between “Valley” and “Forge.” There are 10 holes that run along the plate’s base and sides that allowed it to be attached to the engine. This plate may have belonged to the Valley Forge Hose Company No. 46 in New York City.
The frontpiece (also known as shield or badge) of firefighting helmets has been a distinctive part of the American firefighter’s helmet since it was developed by Henry Gratacap in the early 19th century. These frontpieces displayed a variety of information. The fire company's name and number appeared, often alongside the city or town where it was based. The frontpiece could also include the owner's initials and rank. Most fire helmets had leather frontpieces, but frontpieces could also be made of metal, especially on presentation helmets or those worn in parades.
This white leather frontpiece was worn by a member of the Hope Steam Fire Company No. 17, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Organized in 1796 as the Hope Fire Engine Company, a hand engine company, it acquired a steam engine in 1860 and changed its name to the Hope Steam Fire Engine Company No. 17. The company was active until 1871 when Philadelphia’s paid firefighting department was established. The frontpiece has three red banners with raised white leather letters that originally read “HOPE / STEAM FIRE Co. / JHL,” but some of the letters are now missing. A large black number “17” is in the center of the frontpiece. The letters “JHL” likely referred to the owner’s initials.
This shield-shaped fire badge belonged to a member of the A.M. Dodge & Company Fire Department of Jersey City, New Jersey during the late 19th century. The top of the badge has a decoration of a crossed speaking trumpet and hose nozzle behind a fire helmet. An upper banner is inscribed “A.M. DODGE & CO.” and a lower banner reads “DEPARTMENT” in raised letters. The center of the badge bears a large raised number “28” with the word “FIRE” above it. This badge is somewhat unique in that A.M. Dodge & Co. was a lumber business, and not a municipality. The company organized a fire brigade amongst their employees to prevent what obviously could be a catastrophic loss of wares if a fire did get out of hand. The lumber yard and docks at Jersey City had six fire hydrants and over five hundred feet of hose to help protect the lumber.
Metal firefighter’s badges were a part of the firefighter’s uniform since volunteer companies began to proliferate in the early 19th century. As volunteer companies gave way to municipal fire departments during the mid–19th century, these badges became mandated by uniform codes. Badges served as official identification at fire scenes, as access to derelict buildings by unscrupulous citizens could result in looting. Fire badges came in a variety of shapes, most notably circular, shield–shaped, or the Maltese cross. While shield–shaped badges were often worn on the chest, circular and cross-shaped badges can be seen on jacket lapels or soft caps. Badges usually detailed the company’s name, number and department, and were often decorated with various symbols of the profession such as hose carriages, hand–pumped engines, hoses, trumpets, helmets, hooks, and ladders. For paid municipal companies, many badges also featured the badge number of the wearer.
This shield-shaped metal fire badge has raised text that reads “HOSE/W.F.D.” A star sits at the top of the shield, and a raised emblem in the center of the shield bears the number “6” filled in with black enamel. This badge would have been worn by a member of a hose company.
Metal firefighter’s badges were a part of the firefighter’s uniform since volunteer companies began to proliferate in the early 19th century. As volunteer companies gave way to municipal fire departments during the mid–19th century, these badges became mandated by uniform codes. Badges served as official identification at fire scenes, as access to derelict buildings by unscrupulous citizens could result in looting. Fire badges came in a variety of shapes, most notably circular, shield–shaped, or the Maltese cross. While shield–shaped badges were often worn on the chest, circular and cross-shaped badges can be seen on jacket lapels or soft caps. Badges usually detailed the company’s name, number and department, and were often decorated with various symbols of the profession such as hose carriages, hand–pumped engines, hoses, trumpets, helmets, hooks, and ladders. For paid municipal companies, many badges also featured the badge number of the wearer.