Swatch of machine made lace trim. White, open circle & diamond pattern.
Lace is an openwork fabric, used for trimming outer and under clothing for women and girls - and until the 19th century, men, baby clothes, hats, fans, parasols, and many decorative items, was at first a hand-made product. By the early 19th century, machine made nets allowed for new forms of lace, and modifications to those machines led eventually to the Leavers lace machine, with patterning capabilities controlled by a Jacquard mechanism. Lace became less expensive, much quicker to make, and much more available across a broad range of economic and social classes. In the US Tariff Bill of 1909, the import duty on Leavers machines, most of which were made in Nottingham, England, home of a great lace industry, was removed for a window of about 17 months. American entrepreneurs imported hundreds of these machines (and often the workers to operate them) and established a few centers of American lace manufacturing. U.S. Consuls sent samples of European made Leavers lace, such as these in the NMAH Consular Collection, to illustrate the quality and range of designs available from the long established manufacturers in France, Germany, Switzerland, and the UK.
Swatch of machine made lace trim. White, leaves on vine.
Lace is an openwork fabric, used for trimming outer and under clothing for women and girls - and until the 19th century, men, baby clothes, hats, fans, parasols, and many decorative items, was at first a hand-made product. By the early 19th century, machine made nets allowed for new forms of lace, and modifications to those machines led eventually to the Leavers lace machine, with patterning capabilities controlled by a Jacquard mechanism. Lace became less expensive, much quicker to make, and much more available across a broad range of economic and social classes. In the US Tariff Bill of 1909, the import duty on Leavers machines, most of which were made in Nottingham, England, home of a great lace industry, was removed for a window of about 17 months. American entrepreneurs imported hundreds of these machines (and often the workers to operate them) and established a few centers of American lace manufacturing. U.S. Consuls sent samples of European made Leavers lace, such as these in the NMAH Consular Collection, to illustrate the quality and range of designs available from the long established manufacturers in France, Germany, Switzerland, and the UK.
Sample of white machine made lace edging trim. Pattern of open-circles, white. Pinned paper label marked: "Geo. Hall".
Lace is an openwork fabric, used for trimming outer and under clothing for women and girls - and until the 19th century, men, baby clothes, hats, fans, parasols, and many decorative items, was at first a hand-made product. By the early 19th century, machine made nets allowed for new forms of lace, and modifications to those machines led eventually to the Leavers lace machine, with patterning capabilities controlled by a Jacquard mechanism. Lace became less expensive, much quicker to make, and much more available across a broad range of economic and social classes. In the US Tariff Bill of 1909, the import duty on Leavers machines, most of which were made in Nottingham, England, home of a great lace industry, was removed for a window of about 17 months. American entrepreneurs imported hundreds of these machines (and often the workers to operate them) and established a few centers of American lace manufacturing. U.S. Consuls sent samples of European made Leavers lace, such as these in the NMAH Consular Collection, to illustrate the quality and range of designs available from the long established manufacturers in France, Germany, Switzerland, and the UK.
Sample of white machine lace edging or narrow border in a floral pattern.
Lace is an openwork fabric, used for trimming outer and under clothing for women and girls - and until the 19th century, men, baby clothes, hats, fans, parasols, and many decorative items, was at first a hand-made product. By the early 19th century, machine made nets allowed for new forms of lace, and modifications to those machines led eventually to the Leavers lace machine, with patterning capabilities controlled by a Jacquard mechanism. Lace became less expensive, much quicker to make, and much more available across a broad range of economic and social classes. In the US Tariff Bill of 1909, the import duty on Leavers machines, most of which were made in Nottingham, England, home of a great lace industry, was removed for a window of about 17 months. American entrepreneurs imported hundreds of these machines (and often the workers to operate them) and established a few centers of American lace manufacturing. U.S. Consuls sent samples of European made Leavers lace, such as these in the NMAH Consular Collection, to illustrate the quality and range of designs available from the long established manufacturers in France, Germany, Switzerland, and the UK.
Swatch of machine lace edging trim. Open circle pattern, off-white. Blue & white pinned paper label, marked: "c. 40 (/) 38 hal...".
Lace is an openwork fabric, used for trimming outer and under clothing for women and girls - and until the 19th century, men, baby clothes, hats, fans, parasols, and many decorative items, was at first a hand-made product. By the early 19th century, machine made nets allowed for new forms of lace, and modifications to those machines led eventually to the Leavers lace machine, with patterning capabilities controlled by a Jacquard mechanism. Lace became less expensive, much quicker to make, and much more available across a broad range of economic and social classes. In the US Tariff Bill of 1909, the import duty on Leavers machines, most of which were made in Nottingham, England, home of a great lace industry, was removed for a window of about 17 months. American entrepreneurs imported hundreds of these machines (and often the workers to operate them) and established a few centers of American lace manufacturing. U.S. Consuls sent samples of European made Leavers lace, such as these in the NMAH Consular Collection, to illustrate the quality and range of designs available from the long established manufacturers in France, Germany, Switzerland, and the UK.
Swatch of machine laced edging trim. White, open circle pattern. Blue & white pinned original paper label, marked: "C. 35 S (?) L (?) . (/) a 46 h..."
Lace is an openwork fabric, used for trimming outer and under clothing for women and girls - and until the 19th century, men, baby clothes, hats, fans, parasols, and many decorative items, was at first a hand-made product. By the early 19th century, machine made nets allowed for new forms of lace, and modifications to those machines led eventually to the Leavers lace machine, with patterning capabilities controlled by a Jacquard mechanism. Lace became less expensive, much quicker to make, and much more available across a broad range of economic and social classes. In the US Tariff Bill of 1909, the import duty on Leavers machines, most of which were made in Nottingham, England, home of a great lace industry, was removed for a window of about 17 months. American entrepreneurs imported hundreds of these machines (and often the workers to operate them) and established a few centers of American lace manufacturing. U.S. Consuls sent samples of European made Leavers lace, such as these in the NMAH Consular Collection, to illustrate the quality and range of designs available from the long established manufacturers in France, Germany, Switzerland, and the UK.
Swatch of white machine lace trim; circles pattern.
Lace is an openwork fabric, used for trimming outer and under clothing for women and girls - and until the 19th century, men, baby clothes, hats, fans, parasols, and many decorative items, was at first a hand-made product. By the early 19th century, machine made nets allowed for new forms of lace, and modifications to those machines led eventually to the Leavers lace machine, with patterning capabilities controlled by a Jacquard mechanism. Lace became less expensive, much quicker to make, and much more available across a broad range of economic and social classes. In the US Tariff Bill of 1909, the import duty on Leavers machines, most of which were made in Nottingham, England, home of a great lace industry, was removed for a window of about 17 months. American entrepreneurs imported hundreds of these machines (and often the workers to operate them) and established a few centers of American lace manufacturing. U.S. Consuls sent samples of European made Leavers lace, such as these in the NMAH Consular Collection, to illustrate the quality and range of designs available from the long established manufacturers in France, Germany, Switzerland, and the UK.
Lace is an openwork fabric, used for trimming outer and under clothing for women and girls - and until the 19th century, men, baby clothes, hats, fans, parasols, and many decorative items, was at first a hand-made product. By the early 19th century, machine made nets allowed for new forms of lace, and modifications to those machines led eventually to the Leavers lace machine, with patterning capabilities controlled by a Jacquard mechanism. Lace became less expensive, much quicker to make, and much more available across a broad range of economic and social classes. In the US Tariff Bill of 1909, the import duty on Leavers machines, most of which were made in Nottingham, England, home of a great lace industry, was removed for a window of about 17 months. American entrepreneurs imported hundreds of these machines (and often the workers to operate them) and established a few centers of American lace manufacturing. U.S. Consuls sent samples of European made Leavers lace, such as these in the NMAH Consular Collection, to illustrate the quality and range of designs available from the long established manufacturers in France, Germany, Switzerland, and the UK.
Swatch of machine made lace trim. Black leaf pattern. Pinned blue & white original paper label, marked: "J. Dagbert Fils (/) St. Pierre-les-Calais".
Lace is an openwork fabric, used for trimming outer and under clothing for women and girls - and until the 19th century, men, baby clothes, hats, fans, parasols, and many decorative items, was at first a hand-made product. By the early 19th century, machine made nets allowed for new forms of lace, and modifications to those machines led eventually to the Leavers lace machine, with patterning capabilities controlled by a Jacquard mechanism. Lace became less expensive, much quicker to make, and much more available across a broad range of economic and social classes. In the US Tariff Bill of 1909, the import duty on Leavers machines, most of which were made in Nottingham, England, home of a great lace industry, was removed for a window of about 17 months. American entrepreneurs imported hundreds of these machines (and often the workers to operate them) and established a few centers of American lace manufacturing. U.S. Consuls sent samples of European made Leavers lace, such as these in the NMAH Consular Collection, to illustrate the quality and range of designs available from the long established manufacturers in France, Germany, Switzerland, and the UK.
Short length of machine lace trim; black embroidered dots on white netting. Blue & white original glued paper label, marked: "J. Bourre & Fils (/) St. Pierre-les-Calais. (/) 501 (/) Prix 90 (/) Larg. Om 23 (/) No. 502 (/) Prix 1.10 (/)..."
Lace is an openwork fabric, used for trimming outer and under clothing for women and girls - and until the 19th century, men, baby clothes, hats, fans, parasols, and many decorative items, was at first a hand-made product. By the early 19th century, machine made nets allowed for new forms of lace, and modifications to those machines led eventually to the Leavers lace machine, with patterning capabilities controlled by a Jacquard mechanism. Lace became less expensive, much quicker to make, and much more available across a broad range of economic and social classes. In the US Tariff Bill of 1909, the import duty on Leavers machines, most of which were made in Nottingham, England, home of a great lace industry, was removed for a window of about 17 months. American entrepreneurs imported hundreds of these machines (and often the workers to operate them) and established a few centers of American lace manufacturing. U.S. Consuls sent samples of European made Leavers lace, such as these in the NMAH Consular Collection, to illustrate the quality and range of designs available from the long established manufacturers in France, Germany, Switzerland, and the UK.
Sample of white machine lace edging trim. Pinned paper label, marked."Geo. Hall".
Lace is an openwork fabric, used for trimming outer and under clothing for women and girls - and until the 19th century, men, baby clothes, hats, fans, parasols, and many decorative items, was at first a hand-made product. By the early 19th century, machine made nets allowed for new forms of lace, and modifications to those machines led eventually to the Leavers lace machine, with patterning capabilities controlled by a Jacquard mechanism. Lace became less expensive, much quicker to make, and much more available across a broad range of economic and social classes. In the US Tariff Bill of 1909, the import duty on Leavers machines, most of which were made in Nottingham, England, home of a great lace industry, was removed for a window of about 17 months. American entrepreneurs imported hundreds of these machines (and often the workers to operate them) and established a few centers of American lace manufacturing. U.S. Consuls sent samples of European made Leavers lace, such as these in the NMAH Consular Collection, to illustrate the quality and range of designs available from the long established manufacturers in France, Germany, Switzerland, and the UK.
Swatch of machine made lace trim. White, circle & flower pattern.
Lace is an openwork fabric, used for trimming outer and under clothing for women and girls - and until the 19th century, men, baby clothes, hats, fans, parasols, and many decorative items, was at first a hand-made product. By the early 19th century, machine made nets allowed for new forms of lace, and modifications to those machines led eventually to the Leavers lace machine, with patterning capabilities controlled by a Jacquard mechanism. Lace became less expensive, much quicker to make, and much more available across a broad range of economic and social classes. In the US Tariff Bill of 1909, the import duty on Leavers machines, most of which were made in Nottingham, England, home of a great lace industry, was removed for a window of about 17 months. American entrepreneurs imported hundreds of these machines (and often the workers to operate them) and established a few centers of American lace manufacturing. U.S. Consuls sent samples of European made Leavers lace, such as these in the NMAH Consular Collection, to illustrate the quality and range of designs available from the long established manufacturers in France, Germany, Switzerland, and the UK.
Swatch of machine made lace edging trim. White, open circle design. Blue & white original glued paper label, marked: "C. 22 S (?) L (?) (/) a 55 hal".
Lace is an openwork fabric, used for trimming outer and under clothing for women and girls - and until the 19th century, men, baby clothes, hats, fans, parasols, and many decorative items, was at first a hand-made product. By the early 19th century, machine made nets allowed for new forms of lace, and modifications to those machines led eventually to the Leavers lace machine, with patterning capabilities controlled by a Jacquard mechanism. Lace became less expensive, much quicker to make, and much more available across a broad range of economic and social classes. In the US Tariff Bill of 1909, the import duty on Leavers machines, most of which were made in Nottingham, England, home of a great lace industry, was removed for a window of about 17 months. American entrepreneurs imported hundreds of these machines (and often the workers to operate them) and established a few centers of American lace manufacturing. U.S. Consuls sent samples of European made Leavers lace, such as these in the NMAH Consular Collection, to illustrate the quality and range of designs available from the long established manufacturers in France, Germany, Switzerland, and the UK.
Swatch of machine made lace trim. White, hanging flower design. Blue & white glued paper label, marked: "Dentelle De Vigne"
Lace is an openwork fabric, used for trimming outer and under clothing for women and girls - and until the 19th century, men, baby clothes, hats, fans, parasols, and many decorative items, was at first a hand-made product. By the early 19th century, machine made nets allowed for new forms of lace, and modifications to those machines led eventually to the Leavers lace machine, with patterning capabilities controlled by a Jacquard mechanism. Lace became less expensive, much quicker to make, and much more available across a broad range of economic and social classes. In the US Tariff Bill of 1909, the import duty on Leavers machines, most of which were made in Nottingham, England, home of a great lace industry, was removed for a window of about 17 months. American entrepreneurs imported hundreds of these machines (and often the workers to operate them) and established a few centers of American lace manufacturing. U.S. Consuls sent samples of European made Leavers lace, such as these in the NMAH Consular Collection, to illustrate the quality and range of designs available from the long established manufacturers in France, Germany, Switzerland, and the UK.
Swatch of machine made lace trim. White, open four petal flower pattern. Blue & white original pinned paper label, marked: "C. 15 S (?) L (?) (/) a 1.20".
Lace is an openwork fabric, used for trimming outer and under clothing for women and girls - and until the 19th century, men, baby clothes, hats, fans, parasols, and many decorative items, was at first a hand-made product. By the early 19th century, machine made nets allowed for new forms of lace, and modifications to those machines led eventually to the Leavers lace machine, with patterning capabilities controlled by a Jacquard mechanism. Lace became less expensive, much quicker to make, and much more available across a broad range of economic and social classes. In the US Tariff Bill of 1909, the import duty on Leavers machines, most of which were made in Nottingham, England, home of a great lace industry, was removed for a window of about 17 months. American entrepreneurs imported hundreds of these machines (and often the workers to operate them) and established a few centers of American lace manufacturing. U.S. Consuls sent samples of European made Leavers lace, such as these in the NMAH Consular Collection, to illustrate the quality and range of designs available from the long established manufacturers in France, Germany, Switzerland, and the UK.
Swatch of machine made lace trim. Flower & leaf design, white. Pinned paper label, marked: "30".
Lace is an openwork fabric, used for trimming outer and under clothing for women and girls - and until the 19th century, men, baby clothes, hats, fans, parasols, and many decorative items, was at first a hand-made product. By the early 19th century, machine made nets allowed for new forms of lace, and modifications to those machines led eventually to the Leavers lace machine, with patterning capabilities controlled by a Jacquard mechanism. Lace became less expensive, much quicker to make, and much more available across a broad range of economic and social classes. In the US Tariff Bill of 1909, the import duty on Leavers machines, most of which were made in Nottingham, England, home of a great lace industry, was removed for a window of about 17 months. American entrepreneurs imported hundreds of these machines (and often the workers to operate them) and established a few centers of American lace manufacturing. U.S. Consuls sent samples of European made Leavers lace, such as these in the NMAH Consular Collection, to illustrate the quality and range of designs available from the long established manufacturers in France, Germany, Switzerland, and the UK.
Lace is an openwork fabric, used for trimming outer and under clothing for women and girls - and until the 19th century, men, baby clothes, hats, fans, parasols, and many decorative items, was at first a hand-made product. By the early 19th century, machine made nets allowed for new forms of lace, and modifications to those machines led eventually to the Leavers lace machine, with patterning capabilities controlled by a Jacquard mechanism. Lace became less expensive, much quicker to make, and much more available across a broad range of economic and social classes. In the US Tariff Bill of 1909, the import duty on Leavers machines, most of which were made in Nottingham, England, home of a great lace industry, was removed for a window of about 17 months. American entrepreneurs imported hundreds of these machines (and often the workers to operate them) and established a few centers of American lace manufacturing. U.S. Consuls sent samples of European made Leavers lace, such as these in the NMAH Consular Collection, to illustrate the quality and range of designs available from the long established manufacturers in France, Germany, Switzerland, and the UK.
A swatch of white machine made lace trim; floral pattern.
Lace is an openwork fabric, used for trimming outer and under clothing for women and girls - and until the 19th century, men, baby clothes, hats, fans, parasols, and many decorative items, was at first a hand-made product. By the early 19th century, machine made nets allowed for new forms of lace, and modifications to those machines led eventually to the Leavers lace machine, with patterning capabilities controlled by a Jacquard mechanism. Lace became less expensive, much quicker to make, and much more available across a broad range of economic and social classes. In the US Tariff Bill of 1909, the import duty on Leavers machines, most of which were made in Nottingham, England, home of a great lace industry, was removed for a window of about 17 months. American entrepreneurs imported hundreds of these machines (and often the workers to operate them) and established a few centers of American lace manufacturing. U.S. Consuls sent samples of European made Leavers lace, such as these in the NMAH Consular Collection, to illustrate the quality and range of designs available from the long established manufacturers in France, Germany, Switzerland, and the UK.
Sample of silk crepe de chine in the gum; National Silk Dyeing Co., 1915. All silk fabric woven in the gum, as it comes from the loom. Part of a donation of 63 samples representing the processes of silk skein-dyeing, and silk piece-dyeing and printing, given by the National Silk Dyeing Co of Paterson, New Jersey, in 1915. National Silk Dyeing Co., headquartered at 140 Market St., Paterson, NJ was formed from five silk dyeing firms in Peterson, NJ (Auger & Simon Silk Dyeing Company; Emil Geering Silk Dyeing Co., Knipscher & Maas Silk Dyeing Company, Kearns Brothers, and Gaede Silk Dyeing Co.) and a fifth company from Allentown, Pa. (Lotte Brothers under the leadership of Charles I. Auger. National Silk Dyeing immediately became one of the large silk dyeing conglomerates in the nation. It operated into the Great Depression but was eventually broken up and sold off.
Sample of silk chiffon in the gum; National Silk Dyeing Co., 1915. All silk chiffon, sheer, open mesh fabric, woven in the gum, as it comes from the loom. Part of a donation of 63 samples representing the processes of silk skein-dyeing, and silk piece-dyeing and printing, given by the National Silk Dyeing Co of Paterson, New Jersey, in 1915. National Silk Dyeing Co., headquartered at 140 Market St., Paterson, NJ was formed from five silk dyeing firms in Peterson, NJ (Auger & Simon Silk Dyeing Company; Emil Geering Silk Dyeing Co., Knipscher & Maas Silk Dyeing Company, Kearns Brothers, and Gaede Silk Dyeing Co.) and a fifth company from Allentown, Pa. (Lotte Brothers under the leadership of Charles I. Auger. National Silk Dyeing immediately became one of the large silk dyeing conglomerates in the nation. It operated into the Great Depression but was eventually broken up and sold off.
