In the early 2000s, the University of Michigan was sued by several students over admission policies involving affirmative action. Affirmative action is the "activity and/or policy that helps groups affected by discrimination obtain equal access to opportunities, especially in employment and education" Several students felt they were denied admission to the University of Michigan based on their race. The Michigan Constitution was amended to prohibit race as a part of the admissions process. This poster was used during demonstrations at the United States Supreme Court in support of affirmative Action.
A poster suporting the Black Panther Party. The Black Panthers are a revolutionary socialist political organization founded in 1966 by Bobby Seale and Huey Newton.
This is a white poster with a black border. There are eleven stripes, alternating blue and white, in a sunburst pattern. In the center, there is a figure of a Black man with his right arm raised and his shirt sleeves folded back. In his right hand is a machine gun. There is a red outline of his thumb and the thumbnail is red. He is wearing a beret. His eyes are red and his mouth is open as if shouting. On the left side of the poster are the words in italics, uppercase letters: "ONLY ON THE BONES OF THE OPPRESSOR CAN THE PEOPLE'S FREEDOM BE FOUNDED -- ONLY THE BLOOD OF THE OPPRESSOR CAN FERTILIZE THE SOIL FOR THE PEOPLE'S SELF-RULE." In the bottom center of the poster, outside the border, is a black panther. In the lower left corner is a description of Emory Douglas, the artist who designed the poster. In italics are the words "Revolutionary art by Minister of Culture EMORY." On the lower right corner are the words written in italics, "Ministry of Information / Box 2967 Custom House/ San Francisco CA 94126.
A hand-made deck of playing cards used by Freedom Riders in Parchman Penitentiary in Mississippi during the summer of 1961. The cards were made by cutting used envelopes into rectangles and writing the playing card that was represented on them with pencil. Some of the cards have the alternatating red and blue stripes of an airmail envelope around the edge. The deck is complete except for the 7 of diamonds. The ace of hearts bears the postmark of New York, NY, dated Aug. 7, 1961, and the name "Sally Rowley" can be pieced together using two cards. The donor, Joan Trumpauer Mulholland was herself a Freedom Rider.
A poster advertising a Civilan Police Accountablity Council which is to hold police accountable, conduct investigations, build trust in civilian oversight, and advance the culture of policing.
A poster advertising a Civilan Police Accountablity Council which is to hold police accountable, conduct investigations, build trust in civilian oversight, and advance the culture of policing.
Defaced historical and memorial marker from the Emmett Till Interpretive Center in Sumner, Mississippi. The marker is silver metal, painted purple with white lettering. The sign is rectangular with a bell-like curve at the top. Inside of the curved space, there is a circle with a white magnolia flower at the center. The paint is peeling and the flower is obscured by bullet holes that have passed through the sign from both sides. The title, “River Site,” is centered in larger font just below the image of the flower. The word “Site” is illegible due to bullet holes. Below the title, in smaller, centered font, the sign reads: “This is the site where Till’s body was removed from the river. It was then taken to Greenwood, MS. Then the body was sent back to Money, MS for burial. Via a phone call from Till’s mother, ‘not to bury her son,’ the body was then taken back to Greenwood. The body was then sent to Tutwiler, MS for final preparation to be sent to Chicago, IL.” The sign’s surface is disfigured by hundreds of pellet gun and bullet holes. Dozens of larger bullet holes have fully pierced the metal and stripped the purple paint and white letters from the sign, leaving a ring of bright silver metal around each hole, and making it difficult to read the words.
The Emmett Till Memorial Commission (ETMC) donated the River Site historic marker to share Emmett Till’s Mississippi story with national and global audiences. The defaced marker speaks to anti-black violence past and present, and to ETMC’s decades-long determination to recognize this history. The ETMC was founded in 2006 by Jerome G. Little, Tallahatchie County’s first Black President of the Board of Supervisors. Little and six other Black men, known as the Magnificent Seven organized in 1977 to seek public office and provide clean water, housing, voting rights, education, and healthcare to Tallahatchie County’s Black residents. They sued the county three times to procure Black voting representation in the county. After gaining political office, Little connected Black history to the effort to secure human rights and formed the Commission. In 2007, ETMC secured a public apology for the Tallahatchie County’s miscarriage of justice in trial of Till’s murders. In 2008, they erected several historic plaques across the county marking sites Emmett’s kidnapping and lynching. These markers as well as a state historic marker commemorating Till continue to be defaced with acid, stolen, and riddled with bullets.
This River Site marker is the second of four markers placed at this site by the Tallahatchie River. The first marker was stolen, the second marker was riddled with 317 bullet holes, and the third marker was shot up in 2019 and captured media attention when three University of Mississippi students from the Kappa Alpha fraternity posed with rifles in front of the sign. The ETMC installed a bullet-proof marker in 2019. Within months, a security camera which captured images of a white supremacist rally at the site.
The bullet holes represent more than just random attacks. For many community members, these aggressions are an extension of the violence inflicted on Black people—in 1955 through the present. The Commission remains undeterred. As Little remarked in 2008 “I want to make sure that whoever did this knows that. . . . [e]very time [this sign is] taken down, it’s going back up.”
Members of ETMC and Till family friends and family co-curated an exhibition Reckoning with Remembrance: History, Injustice, and the Murder of Emmett Till in 2021.
