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- Description
- This leaflet offers instructions for operating the Kesling Pocket Adder. It was received with 1994.0240.01.
- Location
- Currently not on view
- date made
- ca 1948
- ID Number
- 1994.0240.01.01
- accession number
- 1994.0240
- catalog number
- 1994.0240.01.01
-
- Description
- This wooden patent model for an adder has a frame that holds seven strips of wood. Each strip has 19 holes on it. The ten right holes are numbered from 0 to 9. The nine remaining holes are unnumbered, but the wood is colored green. To the sides of each strip, the numbers 1 to 9 are written on the frame. The left part of the strip is covered by an upper piece on the frame.
- Samuel S. Young of Eaton, Ohio, took out three patents for computing devices. This is the patent model for the first. The later ones were a rule for calculating interest, patented September 2, 1851 (U.S. patent 8323), and an arithmetical proof rule, patented October 26, 1858 (U.S. patent 21921).
- The U.S. Census for 1850 indicates that S. S.Young of Eaton, Ohio, was 40 years old that year, and living with his wife and two children. His occupation is given as “gardener.” Apparently by 1860 he had moved to the nearby town of Washington and is listed as a “horticulturalist” by profession.
- References: Samuel S. Young, Calculating-Machine, U.S. Patent, No. 6602, issued July 24, 1849.
- Robert Otnes, “Sliding Bar Calculators,” ETCetera, #11, June, 1990, p. 6.
- P. Kidwell, “Adders Made and Used in the United States,” Rittenhouse, May, 1994, p. 80.
- Location
- Currently not on view
- date made
- 1849
- patentee
- Young, Samuel S.
- maker
- Young, Samuel S.
- ID Number
- MA.252680
- catalog number
- 252680
- accession number
- 49064
-
- Description
- This metal instrument is painted green and gold. It has eight metal bands that are painted red on the upper side. The plastic case is clear in front and green in back. It holds a metal stylus. Seven columns reveal the bands and eight holes show results. At the top, the columns are shaped for subtraction, at the bottom for addition. When numbers are entered, the bands extend beyond the base of the adder. They may be removed. There is no zeroing mechanism.
- This adder was among those invented by Otto Meuter, a German. Meuter was first associated with various versions of the Addiator and then, in the early 1920s, formed a company with J. Bergmann to produce the ProCalculo! and the Correntator. In 1928, he began to sell the Produx. After World War II, the Produx was still manufactured in West Germany, while the East Germans sold a similar machine called the Record.This machine dates from after World War II.
- References: Business Equipment Topics 83 (January, 1933), p. 67. This shows a version of the newly introduced Produx calculator. It features separate grooves for addition and subtraction.
- Martin Reese, Historische Buerowelt 43 (September 1995).
- Location
- Currently not on view
- date made
- ca 1955
- ID Number
- 1989.0709.02
- accession number
- 1989.0709
- catalog number
- 1989.0709.02
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- Description
- This patent model for an adder has a brass box with a rotating disc inset in the top. There are one hundred small holes around the rim of the disc. Outside the disc, on the top of the box, is a circular ring numbered from 01 to 99, with a gap at 00. Outside of this are three rings of holes, with one hundred holes in each ring. These holes are to be used to hold markers indicating digits carried when the disc makes full rotations. On the side of the box is a rotating multiplication table.
- A. Mendenhall, who patented this adder, was undoubtedly Amos Mendenhall, who was born in Ohio in 1828 and raised in east central Indiana. His father, Hiram Mendenhall (1801-1852) was a miller and farmer by trade and a Quaker and abolitionist in belief. In 1844, Hiram Mendenhall, as a representative of the Randolph County Anti-Slavery Society, presented a petition to presidential candidate Henry Clay, urging him to free his slaves. Clay refused and publicly rebuked Mendenhall. Hiram Mendenhall went on to pool his property with others to form the Unionport commune of the Society for Universal Inquiry and Reform. This effort soon collapsed and Hiram and Amos went to California to recoup the family fortunes in the gold fields. They failed to do this, and Hiram died of cholera on shipboard en route home. Amos, his mother, and his siblings continued to live in Unionport, where Amos farmed and tinkered. In the 1880 census, his occupation is given as “manufacture.”
- The “practical calculator” was Mendenhall's first patented invention. He took out patents for gold mining devices (#360713, granted April 5, 1887, and # 541912, granted June 11, 1895), a tricycle (#453151, granted May 26, 1891), and a bicycle (#740156, granted September 29, 1903).
- References: Patent #67,786, August 13, 1867 (Munn Co., attorneys); Scientific American, vol. 17, August 31, 1867, p. 141.
- U.S. Census records for 1860, 1880, 1900.
- Thomas D. Hamm, God’s Government Begun: The Society for Universal Inquiry and Reform, 1842-1846, Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1996.
- Location
- Currently not on view
- date made
- 1867
- patentee
- Mendenhall, A.
- maker
- Mendenhall, A.
- ID Number
- MA.252691
- accession number
- 49064
- catalog number
- 252691
-
- Description
- The first American-made adder to enjoy modest commercial success was developed by Clarence E. Locke (1865-1945). A native of Edgerton, Wisconsin, he graduated from Cornell College in Mt. Vernon, Iowa, in 1892. Locke worked for a time as a civil engineer in Minnesota, and then joined his father operating a lumber yard in Kensett, Iowa.
- This version of the device has a metal base with grooves for nine sliding metal rods that move crosswise. Each rod represents a digit of a number being added. Protruding knobs on the rods represent different numerals. The rods are held in place by bronze-colored metal covers that extend over the right and left thirds of the instrument. When the device is in zero position, all the rods are in their rightmost position.
- Numbers are entered by sliding rods to the left, and the result appears in numbers immediately to the left of the cover on the right. The rods are color-coded to distinguish units of money. They lock when depressed, so that they will not slide if the instrument is tilted. The locking mechanism, the color-coded rods, and the oval shape of the knobs on the rods are all improvements featured in Locke’s second calculating machine patent, taken out in 1905. There is no carry mechanism. The base of is covered with green cloth.
- The instrument is marked on the right cover: C. E. LOCKE (/) MFG. Co. It also is marked: KENSETT, IOWA. [/] U.S.A. It is marked on the left cover: THE (/) LOCKE (/) ADDER. It also is marked: PATENTED DEC. 24. 1901 (/) JAN. 3 1905. This example came to the Smithsonian from the collection of L. Leland Locke.
- The instrument resembles MA.323619, but it has green rather than red cloth on the bottom and has no surrounding wooden box. Also compare to MA.321327.
- References: C. E. Locke, “Calculating Machine,” U.S. Patent 689680, December 24, 1901.
- C. E. Locke, “Calculating Machine,” U.S. Patent 779088, January 3, 1905.
- Robert Otnes, “Sliding Bar Calculators,” ETCetera #11 (June 1990): pp. 6-8.
- P. Kidwell, “Adders Made and Used in the United States,” Rittenhouse, 8, (1994): pp. 78-96.
- Location
- Currently not on view
- date made
- 1905
- maker
- C. E. Locke Manufacturing Company
- ID Number
- MA.155183.29
- catalog number
- 155183.29
- accession number
- 155183
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- Description
- This notched band adder is made of steel painted black, gold, and white. It has a steel stylus and a brown leather case. The front of the instrument has eight columns of numbers with a band under each column. A hook at the top of each column allows carrying and a ninth band allows carrying from the eighth column. Sums as large as nine digits are displayed in round openings above the columns. On the back are eight columns of numbers for doing subtraction. A zeroing bar extends across the bottom of the back (the top of the front).
- The firm of Carl Keubler produced adders under the name "Addiator" in Berlin (later West Berlin) from 1920 until the 1980s. This is one of three versions of the Addiator in the Smithsonian collections.
- Reference: Martin Reese, Historische Buerowelt, 43 (September 1995).
- Location
- Currently not on view
- date made
- ca 1955
- maker
- Addiator G.m.b.H.
- ID Number
- 1989.0325.01
- accession number
- 1989.0325
- catalog number
- 1989.0325.01
-
- Description
- This stylus-operated steel notched band adder has seven crook-shaped columns and one straight one, with eight notched bands below. Eight windows show results, and a narrow clearing lever is at the top. A steel plate slides over seven columns in the shape of inverted crooks, as well as an eighth straight column. These are used in subtraction. Instructions accompany the instrument. Compare to MA.313629.
- The TASCO pocket arithmometer closely resembles an adder sold by the Gray Arithmometer Company of Ithaca, New York, in the early 20th century and distributed by the Morse Chain Company of Ithaca in the 1920s. In 1929, the Morse Chain Company became part of Borg-Warner Corporation. Distribution of the adder soon shifted to the Tavella Sales Company of New York City.
- References: P. Kidwell, “Adders Made and Used in the United States,” Rittenhouse, 8, (1994): pp. 78-96.
- Advertisements in Popular Mechanics 83 (March 1945), p. 178, (April 1945): 180, and (May, 1945), p. 178. Popular Science 152 (January 1948), p. 34.
- Utility Supply Company, Office Supply Catalog (Chicago, 1946), p. 285.
- Location
- Currently not on view
- date made
- ca 1945
- distributor
- Tavella Sales Company
- maker
- Tavella Sales Company
- ID Number
- 1986.0663.01
- accession number
- 1986.0663
- catalog number
- 1986.0663.01
-
- Description
- By the 1920s, companies in the United States, Germany, and France manufactured inexpensive notched band adders. A firm in Marseille, France, under the direction of engineer E. Reybaud, sold this device from 1922 until at least 1930. This example was from the collection of L. Leland Locke.
- The metal adder and stylus fit into a red paper container. The adder has nine columns of digits and a zeroing bar at the top. Instructions indicate that the device came in two models that sold for 25 and 40 francs. This was sufficiently inexpensive that every member of a commercial firm could have such an adder.
- Reference: “The Register,” Typewriter Topics, vol. 76 (September 1930), p.14.
- Location
- Currently not on view
- date made
- ca 1925
- maker
- Reybaud, E.
- ID Number
- MA.155183.25
- catalog number
- 155183.25
- accession number
- 155183
-
- Description
- This patent model for a circular adder has a wooden base that supports three concentric wooden rings and a central mechanism. The outer fixed ring is serrated around the outer edge. The 100 serrations are numbered in ink from 1 to 99 (the 0 serration isn’t numbered) on a paper ring glued to the surface of the ring. Inside this ring is a movable ring, with 100 upward-facing serrations around its edge. These are numbered on an adjacent piece of paper from 00 to 99. Inside this ring is a third fixed ring, serrated on the inside, and also carrying a numbered slip of paper numbered from 00 to 99.
- Two wooden arms are mounted on a rotating wooden platform at the center of the instrument. The larger arm is designed to link to the two outer rings and the smaller one to the middle ring only. The machine has a carry from the tens to the hundreds place. It is intended to be used for adding columns of figures, two places at a time. The machine was patented by Elmore W. Taylor of Franklin, Indiana, in 1874.
- Earlier, Elmore W. Taylor of Franklin, Indiana, took out patent 56464 for an evaporator (relating to furnaces) on July 17, 1866. Elmore W. Taylor of Detroit, Michigan, took out a patent for a card and picture holder in 1883 (#274052). Elmore W. Taylor of Johnson County, Indiana, married Maggie A. Toner on October 5, 1876. The 1880 US Census lists an “Elmer W. Taylor,” photographer, age 31, born in Michigan with parents born in New York, who was living in Detroit with Margaret A. Taylor, age 21, who was born in Indiana. Hence it seems likely that all three patents were held by the same inventor.
- Reference: U.S. Patent 155772, October 6, 1874.
- Location
- Currently not on view
- date made
- 1874
- patentee
- Taylor, Elmore W.
- maker
- Taylor, Elmore W.
- ID Number
- MA.309325
- accession number
- 89797
- catalog number
- 309325
-
- Description
- This instrument consists of two concentric brass discs, one rotating inside the other. The rim of the outer disc has the numbers from 0 to 99 engraved around its edge. The inner disc has 100 small holes marked evenly around its edge. These also are numbered 0 to 99. Two steel arms pivot at the center of the inner disc. The longer arm has a pin on the underside that fits into the holes and a small knob on the upper side so that it can be rotated. A protruding pin set at 0 in the outer circle stops the motion of this arm. It is used to add numbers up to 99.
- When the total on the inner disc exceeds 99, the smaller arm advances one digit, indicating hundreds. Hundreds apparently cannot be entered directly. The adder is painted black on the reverse side and has a support attached to the back so that it sits at an angle. A green paper label glued to the back gives directions for use.
- Census records list two men, one of whom may have been Alonzo Johnson, the co-inventor of this device. Both were machinists. Alonzo Johnson (no middle initial) was born 12 February 1828 in Bangor, Maine, the son of Louisa Underwood and Dolliver Johnson. Dolliver Johnson, a railroad engineer, became a superintendent of locomotive power on the Fitchburg Railroad in Massachusetts and then was associated with the Illinois Central in Illinois. His son Alonzo Johnson married in about 1850, and lived in Springfield, Massachusetts, with his wife, Sarah, and their children from at least 1870 through 1900. Census records also list Alonzo H. Johnson, born about 1828 in Connecticut, who was living with his wife, Hannah, also in Springfield, in 1870, 1880 and 1900.
- One of these Alonzo Johnsons took out eight patents. The first two were for calculating devices. These were #73732 (granted January 28, 1868, with James A. Loomis as co-inventor and Charles Gifford of Gardiner, Maine, as assignee), #85229 (taken out December 22,1868 and assigned to Sylvester Bissell and Andrew West of Hartford). Later patents were for nut-locks (#188055, granted March 6, 1871), slitting lock nuts (#231492, granted August 24, 1880), a car-brake (#235152, granted December 7, 1880), a card-cutter (#241372, granted May 10, 1881), a sash-fastener (#255144 - granted April 11, 1882), and a gumming device for envelope machines (#397798, granted February 12, 1889).
- James A. Loomis, the co-inventor of this device, is probably the James Loomis listed in United States Census records for 1860, 1870, and 1880 as a resident of Springfield, Massachusetts. He is listed in 1860 as a 45-year-old wheelright, in 1870 as a 57-year-old carriage maker born in Massachusetts, and in 1880 as a 67-year-old retired carriage maker.
- The “Conkey” referred to in the name of the device may be Henry Conkey, who is listed as a 27-year-old machinist in Enfield, Massachusetts, in the 1860 Census and as a 35-year-old machinist in Springfield, Massachusetts, in the 1870 U.S. Census.
- References: James A. Loomis and Alonzo Johnson, “Improvement in Calculating Machines,” U.S. Patent 73732, 1868.
- P. Kidwell, “Adders Made and Used in the United States," Rittenhouse, 1994, 8:78-96.
- Location
- Currently not on view
- date made
- 1868
- maker
- Conkey & Loomis
- ID Number
- 1990.0318.01
- accession number
- 1990.0318
- catalog number
- 1990.0318.01
-
- Description
- Louis-J. Troncet patented this instrument in his native France in 1889, and it was published by Larousse. The American scientist Daniel Draper purchased this example in 1895 for $2.50. It came in a small notebook with a set of multiplication tables.
- The Troncet arithmographe, like an instrument issued by the Russian E. Kummer in the 1840s, used flat metal bands with notched edges to represent digits. These bands were moved with the stylus to enter numbers. The instrument has seven crook-shaped columns that reveal the edges of eight notched bands. The crook at the top of each groove is designed to ease carrying or borrowing.
- Eight holes below the columns, labeled “ADDITION”, show the results of addition problems. Eight holes above the columns, labeled “SOUSTRACTION,” show the results of subtraction problems. There is no zeroing mechanism. Troncet’s design was widely adopted by later manufacturers.
- References: Mareschal, G., “Calculateur mecanique instante,” La Nature, 18 annee, 1890, pp. 307-308.
- P. Kidwell, “Scientists and Calculating Machines,” Annals of the History of Computing, 12 (1990): 31-40.
- P. Kidwell, "Adders Made and Used in the United States," Rittenhouse, 1994, 8:78-96.
- Location
- Currently not on view
- date made
- 1895
- maker
- Librairie Larousse
- ID Number
- MA.335348
- catalog number
- 335348
- accession number
- 304826
-
- Description
- This notched band adder has nine bands, eight bracket-shaped columns, and nine display windows. It has a black plastic back, a metal cover plate, and a metal stylus. A zeroing bar is across the top. The stylus fits on the side. There are two rows of numbers alongside the columns, one for addition and one for subtraction. There are no numbers along the extreme edges of the columns on either side. The machine was imported from West Germany.
- Compare to 1980.0787.01 and 2013.0197.01.
- Location
- Currently not on view
- date made
- ca 1955
- distributor
- Thoresen, Inc.
- ID Number
- MA.336448
- accession number
- 1977.1159
- catalog number
- 336448
-
- Description
- This notched band adder has a wooden framework. Six paper bands move in six columns, showing the result in six windows. A paper sheet glued to the front has numerals and the name of the device, as well as cutouts to create the columns. A sheet glued to the back gives instructions. The columns widen at the top for carrying in addition and at the bottom for borrowing in subtraction. The object came to the Smithsonian from the collection of Felt and Tarrant Manufacturing Company. The date assigned is quite arbitrary.
- Reference: P. Kidwell, “Adders Made and Used in the United States,” Rittenhouse, 1994, 8:78-96.
- Location
- Currently not on view
- date made
- ca 1925
- distributor
- Adding Wonder Manufacturers
- maker
- Adding Wonder Manufacturers
- ID Number
- MA.323626
- catalog number
- 323626
- accession number
- 250163
-
- Description
- This leaflet is printed in red and black on white. It includes a drawing of the computing device as well of drawings of several people using it. This is documentation for the adder with museum number MA.155183.25.
- Location
- Currently not on view
- date made
- ca 1925
- ID Number
- MA.155183.25.1
- accession number
- 155183
- catalog number
- 155183.25.1
-
- Description
- This merchandise return form was distributed by the Customer Services Division at 585 Water Street in New York, N.Y. This is the address of Thoresen, Inc., distributors of the Wizard Calculating Machine. The form spells out in detail procedures for returning merchandise. It was received with a Wizard adder with museum number 1980.0787.01.
- Location
- Currently not on view
- date made
- 1960
- ID Number
- 1980.0787.04
- accession number
- 1980.0787
- catalog number
- 1980.0787.04
-
- Description
- This black and gold-colored metal, comb-sized notched band adder has six columns above for addition and six below for subtraction. Ten notches of any one band appear only in addition, ten in both addition and subtraction, and ten in subtraction alone. The columns on top are crook-shaped to allow for carrying and those at the bottom in the shape of an inverted crook to allow for borrowing. Six holes in the middle show the result. Across the top is a zeroing bar. Leather case.
- The firm of Carl Keubler produced adders under the name Addiator in Berlin (later West Berlin) from 1920 until the 1980s. This is one of three versions of the Addiator in the Smithsonian collections. According to the donor, an employee of Volkswagen of America in Chicago brought it to the United States.
- Instructions stored with documentation.
- References: Popular Science, vol. 172, March, 1958, p. 66.
- Popular Science, vol. 178, January, 1961, p. 41.
- Thorp & Martin Corp., Office Supplies and Equipment Purchasing Guide, Boston, 1968, p. 372.
- P. Kidwell, Rittenhouse, 1994, 8:78-96.
- Martin Reese, Historische Buerowelt, 43 (September 1995).
- Location
- Currently not on view
- date made
- ca 1960
- distributor
- Harrison Home Products Corporation
- maker
- Addiator G.m.b.H.
- ID Number
- 1986.0543.01
- accession number
- 1986.0543
- catalog number
- 1986.0543.01
-
- Description
- This aluminum device consists of two discs sealed together at the rim, with a rotating disc in between. Various numbers are stamped around the rim of the rotating disc. Openings in the outer discs reveal three numbers on either side at one time. One side of the instrument has the numbers from 1 to 20 stamped clockwise around the scalloped rim of the movable disc. The other side of this disc has the numbers from 21 to 40, also stamped clockwise.
- At the top of the instrument, three alternate numbers are visible (i.e., 1, 3, 5). Three alternate numbers also are visible on the reverse side (i.e., 35, 37, 39). The sum of two numbers on opposite sides of the disc is always 40 (i.e., 1 and 39). Part of the scalloped edge of the movable disc is exposed at the bottom.
- Clay W. Prewett and the Prewett Addograf and System Company (also known as the Prewett System Company) of Los Angeles, California, sold this device. A 1940 brochure describing “The Prewett Addograf and System” indicated that it consisted of not only this instrument but a $10 brochure describing how it worked, a $5 brochure on modern short cuts in multiplication, division, interest, fractions, and mixed numbers; and a $5 multiplication chart. The entire system could be purchased for $15. It was not returnable.
- Location
- Currently not on view
- date made
- 1940
- maker
- Prewett System Company
- ID Number
- MA.155183.28
- catalog number
- 155183.28
- accession number
- 155183
-
- Description
- This U.S. Patent Office model for an adder has a square wooden frame. On top is a piece of paper printed with the numbers from 1 to 100 and a rotating tin disc. The disc has 100 holes in it and is covered with another piece of paper, with the digits from 1 to 100 printed around the edge. Atop this disc is a second, smaller wooden disc with ten serrations around the edge. There also is a fixed metal arm which reaches over the 100 disc on the outside paper. This arm advances the smaller disc at every rotation of the larger disc.
- Census records suggest that the inventor of this device was born in Connecticut or Massachusetts in about 1813. The 1840 U.S. Census indicates that there was a William M. Briggs, 20 to 30 years old, living with a woman of about the same age and two children in Stoughton, Norfolk County, Massachusetts. No record for William Briggs was found in the 1850 census for Massachusetts. The 1860 Census returns list a William Briggs, 47 years old and a farmer, living with Elizabeth, 32 years old, and children Emma (10), Frank (5), and George (2). This William Briggs was supposedly born in Massachusetts. The family lived in Sharon, Norfolk County, Massachusetts, a town very close to Stoughton, Massachusetts. In the 1870 Census for Stoughton, Norfolk County, Massachusetts, there was a William M. Briggs, miller, 57 years old, born in Connecticut. He reportedly lived with Elizabeth (age 43) and a five-year old boy.
- References: U.S. Patent 222,126, December 2, 1879.
- P. Kidwell, “Adders Made and Used in the United States,” Rittenhouse, 1994, 8:78-96.
- Location
- Currently not on view
- date made
- 1879
- patentee
- Briggs, William M.
- maker
- Briggs, William M.
- ID Number
- MA.311959
- accession number
- 155183
- catalog number
- 311959
-
- Description
- This small notched band adder has six serrated metal strips arranged in columns that may be moved up and down with an aluminum stylus. The front is also aluminum, partly colored blue. The back is steel painted white, and the zeroing bar is brass. At the top front of the instrument, the six columns are used for addition and the openings are crook-shaped for carrying. As the bottom, the same strips are used for subtraction and the openings have an inverted crook for borrowing. The instrument is marked on the back: JAPAN. Compare Addiator Universal (1988.0807.04) and Addiator Arithma (1986.0543.01).
- The adder ismarked at the top:Valiant. It ismarked at the bottom: PERSONAL (/) CALCULATOR. A mark on the back reads: JAPAN.
- According to the donor, Kathleen Dolores Barberini used this particular Valiant Personal Calculator to maintain her household budget. Barberini believed that she used it in the 1950s. The Valiant personal calculator was advertised as selling for 99 cents in the Los Angeles Times in 1960.
- Reference: Los Angeles Times, July 17, 1960, p. D4.
- Location
- Currently not on view
- date made
- ca 1960
- ID Number
- 1992.0548.01
- accession number
- 1992.0548
- catalog number
- 1992.0548.01
-
- Description
- This U.S. Patent Office model for an adder has a wooden frame with a round brass top and mechanism. A toothed disc under the top has the digits from 0 to 99 indicated on it in ink. The 99 complement also is indicated, for use in subtraction. To the right of the disc is a series of pins labeled from 1 to 10. An arm extending from the right side of the disc fits between the pins. Pulling the arm forward advances the disc by the amount indicated on the scale. When the disc has advanced a full rotation, it advances a smaller, vertically mounted disc on the left side by one unit. Complementary units are also indicated on the edge of this disc. The device also has a set of nine wooden digit wheels, with paper around the edge, at the front. These are intended for keeping track of numbers used in calculations.
- According to the 1900 U.S. Census, Christian W. Hergenroeder was then 36 years old and living in Baltimore. He was born in Germany of German parents, immigrated to the United States in 1882, and was a naturalized citizen. His wife, Sofia, was born August of 1866, also in Germany of German parents, and came to the United States in 1891. She apparently was not naturalized. Their son, Christian Jr., was born November of 1895. Both parents could read, write, and speak English. Christian's occupation was given as laborer. The family lived in a rented house. Hergenroeder was not found in 1880, 1910, 1920 or 1930 U.S. Census records.
- Another patent was granted to Christian W. Hergenroeder of Baltimore, for an improvement in music leaf turners. He applied for this patent on January 5, 1882, and was granted it on October 10, 1882 (#265602).
- Reference: U.S. Patent No. 263904, September 5, 1882.
- Location
- Currently not on view
- date made
- 1882
- patentee
- Hergenroeder, Christian W.
- maker
- Hergenroeder, Christian W.
- ID Number
- MA.311960
- accession number
- 155183
- catalog number
- 311960
