Toothbrush with a celluloid handle, and inscriptions that read “ETTS. CHARLES LOONEN / RED CROSS / TRADEMARKED U.S. PAT. OFF.” and “JAPAN. . .CO.” Charles Loonen (1850-1913) was a French brush manufacturer. He established a factory in Osaka, Japan, in 1900. He began using the term “Red Cross” in 1899, and registered it as a U.S. trademark in 1906.