Computers & Business Machines
Imagine the loss, 100 years from now, if museums hadn't begun preserving the artifacts of the computer age. The last few decades offer proof positive of why museums must collect continuously—to document technological and social transformations already underway.
The museum's collections contain mainframes, minicomputers, microcomputers, and handheld devices. Computers range from the pioneering ENIAC to microcomputers like the Altair and the Apple I. A Cray2 supercomputer is part of the collections, along with one of the towers of IBM's Deep Blue, the computer that defeated reigning champion Garry Kasparov in a chess match in 1997. Computer components and peripherals, games, software, manuals, and other documents are part of the collections. Some of the instruments of business include adding machines, calculators, typewriters, dictating machines, fax machines, cash registers, and photocopiers
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Model 39-2 Smith and Wesson Semiautomatic Pistol
- Location
- Currently not on view
- Date made
- 1970
- ID Number
- 1991.0854.041
- catalog number
- 1991.0854.041
- accession number
- 1991.0854
- serial number
- A445689
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History
-
piece, game
- Location
- Currently not on view
- date made
- 1890
- maker
- Milton Bradley Company
- ID Number
- DL.169119 [dup1]
- catalog number
- 169119
- accession number
- 29137
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History
-
Smith and Wesson Airweight, Model 38 Revolver
- Location
- Currently not on view
- Date made
- 1955
- maker
- Smith and Wesson Incorporated
- Smith and Wesson Incorporated
- Smith & Wesson
- ID Number
- 1991.0854.116
- catalog number
- 1991.0854.116
- accession number
- 1991.0854
- serial number
- J9613
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History
-
certified proof
- Crowdsourcing
- Transcribed by Smithsonian digital volunteers
- Location
- Currently not on view
- BEP certification date
- 1913-04-02
- plate date
- 1913-04-22
- series date
- 1902
- issuing authority
- U.S. Department of the Treasury
- Treasurer of the United States
- Burke, John
- Register of the Treasury
- Napier, James Carroll
- issuing bank
- Springfield National Bank
- depicted
- Harrison, Benjamin
- manufacturer
- Bureau of Engraving and Printing
- ID Number
- NU.297219.016315
- catalog number
- 297219.016315
- accession number
- 297219
- bank charter number
- 4907
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History
-
New Math Flash Cards, Subtraction
- Description
- From the 1950s, particularly after the launch of the Sputnik satellite in 1958, American mathematicians and mathematics educators introduced a variety of reforms in mathematics teaching dubbed “The New Math.” This set of flash cards reflects the way of presenting subtraction problems that emerged.
- The set consists of fifty cards, printed with subtraction problems on each side. The problems are written crosswise, with a box for the answer. The solution is printed in red in the upper left corner on the back. Another card lists basic subtraction facts (vertically), and three cards give work sheets and directions.
- A mark on the paper box reads: MILTON BRADLEY (/) NEW MATH (/) FLASH CARDS (/) SUBTRACTION. Another mark reads: [copyright] 1965. A third mark reads: 4592.
- These and several other sets of flash cards were donated by elementary school teacher Marjorie A. Naidorf.
- Compare 2005.0055.06, 2005.0055.07, 2005.0055.08, and 2005.0055.09.
- Location
- Currently not on view
- date made
- ca 1965
- maker
- Milton Bradley Company
- ID Number
- 2005.0055.06
- catalog number
- 2005.0055.06
- accession number
- 2005.0055
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History
-
Smith and Wesson Combat Magnum Model 19-4 Revolver
- Location
- Currently not on view
- Date made
- 1966
- ID Number
- 1991.0854.047
- catalog number
- 1991.0854.047
- accession number
- 1991.0854
- serial number
- 80K6809
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History
-
Springfield Armory US Rifle M1 Cal. .30
- Location
- Currently not on view
- associated dates
- 1970 05 04 / 1970 05 04
- user
- Ohio National Guard
- maker
- Springfield Armory
- ID Number
- 1987.0381.19
- catalog number
- 1987.0381.19
- accession number
- 1987.0381
- serial number
- 3571845
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History
-
The Game of Life
- date made
- 1979
- maker
- Milton Bradley Company
- ID Number
- 1981.0911.01
- accession number
- 1981.0911
- catalog number
- 1981.0911.01
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History
-
Smith and Wesson Model 57 Revolver
- Location
- Currently not on view
- maker
- Smith & Wesson
- Smith & Wesson
- ID Number
- 1987.0219.02
- catalog number
- 1987.0219.02
- accession number
- 1987.0219
- serial number
- N617510
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History
-
Rapid Fire Cannon
- date made
- ca 1914
- maker
- Milton Bradley Company
- ID Number
- 1986.0104.01
- accession number
- 1986.0104
- catalog number
- 1986.0104.01
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History
-
Springfield Armory Model 1847/1854 Cavalry Percussion Musketoon
- Location
- Currently not on view
- date made
- 1854
- maker
- Springfield Armory
- ID Number
- AF.32691
- accession number
- 69413
- catalog number
- 32691
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History
-
New Math Flash Cards, Addition-Subtraction
- Description
- From the 1950s, particularly after the launch of the Sputnik satellite in 1958, American mathematicians and mathematics educators introduced a variety of reforms in mathematics teaching dubbed “The New Math.” This set of flash cards reflects the way of presenting addition and subtraction problems that emerged.
- The set consists of flash cards showing sums written out horizontally on one side and differences written out horizontally on the other. A blank square indicates where the answer is to go. The cards are numbered from 1 to 81, with several missing and some duplicates. One unnumbered card may be card one. The cards are cut off at one corner, like punch cards. Another card lists on one side "Basic Addition Facts" for sums as large as 9 + 9, and "Basic Subtraction Facts" on the reverse side. Two further cards provide explanation.
- An explanation card for a similar set of flash cards for teaching multiplication and division is included, but none of these cards. Seven further cards, apparently from another set, give sums and differences written vertically.
- A mark on the cardboard box holding the cards reads: MILTON BRADLEY COMPANY (/) SPRINGFIELD (/) MASSACHUSETTS. Another mark reads: NEW MATH(/)FLASH CARDS. Another mark reads: ADDITION-SUBTRACTION. A further mark reads: [copyright] 1965. The set has the maker’s number: 7020.
- Compare 2005.0055.06, 2005.0055.07, 2005.0055.08, and 2005.0055.09.
- Location
- Currently not on view
- date made
- ca 1965
- date received
- 2003
- maker
- Milton Bradley Company
- ID Number
- 2005.0055.07
- catalog number
- 2005.0055.07
- accession number
- 2005.0055
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History
-
Milton Bradley's Kindergarten Materials: Gift No. 4
- Description
- The concept of Kindergarten was developed in Germany by Friedrich Froebel (1782-1852), a student of Swiss educator Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi. Froebel’s German kindergartens encouraged children to enjoy natural studies, music, stories, play with manipulative learning toys. He recommended teachers use geometric shapes and crafts for teaching and advocated the use of ‘gifts’ or playthings in the form of geometric shapes to promote learning and occupations or activities. Froebel also incorporated learning through expression, systematized play and social imitation. The first kindergarten opened in Germany in 1837; the first in the US was opened by Margarethe Schurz to a German speaking community in Wisconsin in 1856. In 1860, Elizabeth Peabody opened the first English speaking kindergarten in Boston. Over time, kindergarten was introduced into public schools with the changed purpose of providing an early academic foundation for 5 and 6-year old children preparing for 1st grade.
- This cherry wood box at one time contained the fourth “gift” in the series manufactured by the Milton Bradley Company. The container is a small, square varnished cherry wood box with a removable sliding top and a slightly faded dark blue label on one side. This box however is missing all its wood blocks. They may have been put away after play in the enlarged Gift 6 box which appears to have more than it should of this size blocks.
- Milton Bradley Company was established in 1860 by Milton Bradley (1836-1911). A mechanical draughtsman and patent agent interested in lithography, board games and puzzles, Milton Bradley became interested in the kindergarten movement after he attended a lecture by Elizabeth Peabody in 1869. Elizabeth and her sister Mary, who was by then the widow of educator Horace Mann, were devoted to promoting Froebel’s philosophy of creative play for pre-school children and helped spread of the Kindergarten Movement to America’s cities. These “gift boxes” are examples of school equipment made by Milton Bradley sometime between 1880 to 1900 for use in kindergartens. Milton Bradley produced educational materials free of charge for the kindergartens in his hometown of Springfield, Massachusetts and was committed to developing kindergarten educational materials such as these gifts, colored papers and paints.
- Location
- Currently not on view
- date made
- ca 1880-1900
- maker
- Milton Bradley Company
- ID Number
- 2014.0244.373
- accession number
- 2014.0244
- catalog number
- 2014.0244.373
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History
-
Skimmer
- Description
- Large, shallow, circular skimmer attached with three rivets to a slender, faceted, slightly downturned handle flattened into a flared and pointed end with pierced hole; all rivets domed on front and flat on back. Bowl is perforated with small holes arranged into a circle with eight straight radiating arms around the center rivet. Back of handle struck "R.LEE" in raised roman letters in a scalloped rectangle.
- Attributed to Richard Lee Jr. (1775–c. 1858), who worked in Springfield, VT, 1795-1815, and Beverly, MA, 1816-1820. Lee Jr. was the son of Richard Lee Sr. (1747–1823), an itinerant pewterer who worked in New Hampshire, Massachusetts, and Springfield, VT, between 1773 and 1823. Lee Sr. is believed to have sold brass and pewter made by his son and both Lees are thought to have used the same marks, making it difficult to attribute pieces to the father or son.
- Location
- Currently not on view
- date made
- 1795 - 1820
- ID Number
- 1978.0939.002
- accession number
- 1978.0939
- catalog number
- 1978.0939.002
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History
-
Smith and Wesson Model 34-1 Revolver
- Location
- Currently not on view
- Date made
- 1953
- ID Number
- 1991.0854.021
- catalog number
- 1991.0854.021
- accession number
- 1991.0854
- serial number
- M115000
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History
-
certified proof
- Crowdsourcing
- Transcribed by Smithsonian digital volunteers
- Location
- Currently not on view
- plate date
- 1865-05-10
- issuing authority
- U.S. Department of the Treasury
- Treasurer of the United States
- New, John Chalfant
- Register of the Treasury
- Allison, John
- issuing bank
- Chicopee National Bank of Springfield
- manufacturer
- Bureau of Engraving and Printing
- ID Number
- NU.297219.015277
- catalog number
- 297219.015277
- accession number
- 297219
- bank charter number
- 988
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History
-
certified proof
- Crowdsourcing
- Transcribed by Smithsonian digital volunteers
- Location
- Currently not on view
- BEP certification date
- 1908-07-02
- plate date
- 1903-02-25
- series date
- 1902
- issuing authority
- U.S. Department of the Treasury
- Treasurer of the United States
- Roberts, Ellis Henry
- Register of the Treasury
- Lyons, Judson Whitlocke
- issuing bank
- Third National Bank of Springfield
- depicted
- Harrison, Benjamin
- manufacturer
- Bureau of Engraving and Printing
- ID Number
- NU.297219.013881
- accession number
- 297219
- catalog number
- 297219.013881
- bank charter number
- 308
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History
-
certified proof
- Crowdsourcing
- Transcribed by Smithsonian digital volunteers
- Location
- Currently not on view
- BEP certification date
- 1883-02-14
- plate date
- 1883-02-25
- issuing authority
- U.S. Department of the Treasury
- Treasurer of the United States
- Gilfillan, James
- Register of the Treasury
- Bruce, Blanche Kelso
- issuing bank
- Second National Bank of Springfield
- manufacturer
- Bureau of Engraving and Printing
- ID Number
- NU.297219.013777
- accession number
- 297219
- catalog number
- 297219.013777
- bank charter number
- 181
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History
-
Springfield Armory US Rifle M1 Cal. .30
- Location
- Currently not on view
- associated dates
- 1970 05 04 / 1970 05 04
- user
- Ohio National Guard
- maker
- Springfield Armory
- ID Number
- 1987.0381.03
- catalog number
- 1987.0381.03
- accession number
- 1987.0381
- serial number
- 3013887
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History
-
Smith and Wesson Chiefs Special Model 36 Revolver
- Location
- Currently not on view
- Date made
- 1950
- ID Number
- 1991.0854.045
- catalog number
- 1991.0854.045
- accession number
- 1991.0854
- serial number
- J528850
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History
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