Computers & Business Machines

• Sheets, Marchant MINIAC System for Business

  Description

  Long a manufacturer of calculating machines, the California firm of Marchant also ventured briefly into the production of electronic computers - one of the first companies in California to do so. This paper about Marchant's Miniac computer was delivered at the Joint Computer Conference in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on December 9, 1954, by George B. Greene, President of Marchant Research, Inc.

  Location

  Currently not on view

  date made

  1954

  maker

  Greene, George B.

  ID Number

  1979.3084.116

  catalog number

  1979.3084.116

  nonaccession number

  1979.3084

  Data Source

  National Museum of American History

• Schematic for the Computer System X-66744, Bell Telephone Laboratories

  Description

  The computing collection contains several schematics of the computer system X-66744, created by Samuel B. Williams and George Stibitz at Bell Telephone Laboratories in New York City. Williams and Stibitz designed a series of six electromechanical relay computers between 1939 and 1949. The X-66744 was fifth in the series of computers, later called Models I through VI, which were deployed in defense efforts, including executing calculations for antiaircraft guns at federal agencies and military research hubs. This computer was one of two duplicate Model V versions created between 1946 and 1947. The Model V computers were sophisticated digital calculating machines that employed about 9,000 telephone relays for switching elements and paper tape for programming. They could perform multiple calculations using floating point numbers and contained a system for self-checking errors. The Model V represented the limits of what was possible with electromechanical relay technology for the time. Even though relays would fail intermittently, the self-checking system and ability to automatically switch to other calculations afforded the machine its reliable reputation and impressive track record for continuous around-the-clock operation.

  In 1946, the x-66744 was delivered to the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) in Langley Field, Virginia. Then, in 1958 it was given to Texas Technical College, although according to a 1963 article in The Bell System Technical Journal, the machine suffered extensive damage in that shipment and its parts were salvaged for the other Model V computer that was in operation at Fort Bliss, Texas and later New Mexico State University at Las Cruces before portions of it were acquired by NMAH. The article erroneously mentions that the latter computer was transferred to the University of Arizona rather than New Mexico State University. See the Model V (or Model 5) Control Panel in the NMAH collection (1987.0821.01).

  References:

  Andrews, E.G. “Telephone Switching and the Early Bell Laboratories Computers.” The Bell System

  Technical Journal 42:2 March 1963): 341 – 353.

  Ceruzzi, Paul. Reckoners: The Prehistory of the Digital Computer from Relays to the Stored Program

  Concept, 1935-1945 (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press 1983).

  Kidwell, Peggy and Paul Ceruzzi. Landmarks in Digital Computing (Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian

  Institution Press, 1994).

  Millman, Sidney, Ed. A History of Engineering and Science in the Bell System: Communications Sciences

  1925-1980 (AT&T Bell Laboratories, 1984).

  Location

  Currently not on view

  date made

  1952-09-25

  maker

  Bell Telephone Laboratories

  ID Number

  1983.3018.10.06

  nonaccession number

  1983.3018

  catalog number

  1983.3018.10.06

  Data Source

  National Museum of American History

• Schematic for the Computer System X-66744, Bell Telephone Laboratories

  Description

  The computing collection contains several schematics of the computer system X-66744, created by Samuel B. Williams and George Stibitz at Bell Telephone Laboratories in New York City. Williams and Stibitz designed a series of six electromechanical relay computers between 1939 and 1949. The X-66744 was fifth in the series of computers, later called Models I through VI, which were deployed in defense efforts, including executing calculations for antiaircraft guns at federal agencies and military research hubs. This computer was one of two duplicate Model V versions created between 1946 and 1947. The Model V computers were sophisticated digital calculating machines that employed about 9,000 telephone relays for switching elements and paper tape for programming. They could perform multiple calculations using floating point numbers and contained a system for self-checking errors. The Model V represented the limits of what was possible with electromechanical relay technology for the time. Even though relays would fail intermittently, the self-checking system and ability to automatically switch to other calculations afforded the machine its reliable reputation and impressive track record for continuous around-the-clock operation.

  In 1946, the x-66744 was delivered to the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) in Langley Field, Virginia. Then, in 1958 it was given to Texas Technical College, although according to a 1963 article in The Bell System Technical Journal, the machine suffered extensive damage in that shipment and its parts were salvaged for the other Model V computer that was in operation at Fort Bliss, Texas and later New Mexico State University at Las Cruces before portions of it were acquired by NMAH. The article erroneously mentions that the latter computer was transferred to the University of Arizona rather than New Mexico State University. See the Model V (or Model 5) Control Panel in the NMAH collection (1987.0821.01).

  References:

  Andrews, E.G. “Telephone Switching and the Early Bell Laboratories Computers.” The Bell System

  Technical Journal 42:2 March 1963): 341 – 353.

  Ceruzzi, Paul. Reckoners: The Prehistory of the Digital Computer from Relays to the Stored Program

  Concept, 1935-1945 (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press 1983).

  Kidwell, Peggy and Paul Ceruzzi. Landmarks in Digital Computing (Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian

  Institution Press, 1994).

  Millman, Sidney, Ed. A History of Engineering and Science in the Bell System: Communications Sciences

  1925-1980 (AT&T Bell Laboratories, 1984).

  Location

  Currently not on view

  date made

  1952-09-24

  maker

  Bell Telephone Laboratories

  ID Number

  1983.3018.10.21

  nonaccession number

  1983.3018

  catalog number

  1983.3018.10.21

  Data Source

  National Museum of American History

• Schematic for the Computer System X-66744, Bell Telephone Laboratories

  Description

  The computing collection contains several schematics of the computer system X-66744, created by Samuel B. Williams and George Stibitz at Bell Telephone Laboratories in New York City. Williams and Stibitz designed a series of six electromechanical relay computers between 1939 and 1949. The X-66744 was fifth in the series of computers, later called Models I through VI, which were deployed in defense efforts, including executing calculations for antiaircraft guns at federal agencies and military research hubs. This computer was one of two duplicate Model V versions created between 1946 and 1947. The Model V computers were sophisticated digital calculating machines that employed about 9,000 telephone relays for switching elements and paper tape for programming. They could perform multiple calculations using floating point numbers and contained a system for self-checking errors. The Model V represented the limits of what was possible with electromechanical relay technology for the time. Even though relays would fail intermittently, the self-checking system and ability to automatically switch to other calculations afforded the machine its reliable reputation and impressive track record for continuous around-the-clock operation.

  In 1946, the x-66744 was delivered to the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) in Langley Field, Virginia. Then, in 1958 it was given to Texas Technical College, although according to a 1963 article in The Bell System Technical Journal, the machine suffered extensive damage in that shipment and its parts were salvaged for the other Model V computer that was in operation at Fort Bliss, Texas and later New Mexico State University at Las Cruces before portions of it were acquired by NMAH. The article erroneously mentions that the latter computer was transferred to the University of Arizona rather than New Mexico State University. See the Model V (or Model 5) Control Panel in the NMAH collection (1987.0821.01).

  References:

  Andrews, E.G. “Telephone Switching and the Early Bell Laboratories Computers.” The Bell System

  Technical Journal 42:2 March 1963): 341 – 353.

  Ceruzzi, Paul. Reckoners: The Prehistory of the Digital Computer from Relays to the Stored Program

  Concept, 1935-1945 (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press 1983).

  Kidwell, Peggy and Paul Ceruzzi. Landmarks in Digital Computing (Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian

  Institution Press, 1994).

  Millman, Sidney, Ed. A History of Engineering and Science in the Bell System: Communications Sciences

  1925-1980 (AT&T Bell Laboratories, 1984).

  Location

  Currently not on view

  date made

  1952-09-25

  maker

  Bell Telephone Laboratories

  ID Number

  1983.3018.10.17

  nonaccession number

  1983.3018

  catalog number

  1983.3018.10.17

  Data Source

  National Museum of American History

• Schematic for the Computer System X-66744, Bell Telephone Laboratories

  Description

  The computing collection contains several schematics of the computer system X-66744, created by Samuel B. Williams and George Stibitz at Bell Telephone Laboratories in New York City. Williams and Stibitz designed a series of six electromechanical relay computers between 1939 and 1949. The X-66744 was fifth in the series of computers, later called Models I through VI, which were deployed in defense efforts, including executing calculations for antiaircraft guns at federal agencies and military research hubs. This computer was one of two duplicate Model V versions created between 1946 and 1947. The Model V computers were sophisticated digital calculating machines that employed about 9,000 telephone relays for switching elements and paper tape for programming. They could perform multiple calculations using floating point numbers and contained a system for self-checking errors. The Model V represented the limits of what was possible with electromechanical relay technology for the time. Even though relays would fail intermittently, the self-checking system and ability to automatically switch to other calculations afforded the machine its reliable reputation and impressive track record for continuous around-the-clock operation.

  In 1946, the x-66744 was delivered to the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) in Langley Field, Virginia. Then, in 1958 it was given to Texas Technical College, although according to a 1963 article in The Bell System Technical Journal, the machine suffered extensive damage in that shipment and its parts were salvaged for the other Model V computer that was in operation at Fort Bliss, Texas and later New Mexico State University at Las Cruces before portions of it were acquired by NMAH. The article erroneously mentions that the latter computer was transferred to the University of Arizona rather than New Mexico State University. See the Model V (or Model 5) Control Panel in the NMAH collection (1987.0821.01).

  References:

  Andrews, E.G. “Telephone Switching and the Early Bell Laboratories Computers.” The Bell System

  Technical Journal 42:2 March 1963): 341 – 353.

  Ceruzzi, Paul. Reckoners: The Prehistory of the Digital Computer from Relays to the Stored Program

  Concept, 1935-1945 (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press 1983).

  Kidwell, Peggy and Paul Ceruzzi. Landmarks in Digital Computing (Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian

  Institution Press, 1994).

  Millman, Sidney, Ed. A History of Engineering and Science in the Bell System: Communications Sciences

  1925-1980 (AT&T Bell Laboratories, 1984).

  Location

  Currently not on view

  date made

  1952-09-24

  maker

  Bell Telephone Laboratories

  ID Number

  1983.3018.10.18

  nonaccession number

  1983.3018

  catalog number

  1983.3018.10.18

  Data Source

  National Museum of American History

• Schematic for the Computer System X-66744, Bell Telephone Laboratories

  Description

  The computing collection contains several schematics of the computer system X-66744, created by Samuel B. Williams and George Stibitz at Bell Telephone Laboratories in New York City. Williams and Stibitz designed a series of six electromechanical relay computers between 1939 and 1949. The X-66744 was fifth in the series of computers, later called Models I through VI, which were deployed in defense efforts, including executing calculations for antiaircraft guns at federal agencies and military research hubs. This computer was one of two duplicate Model V versions created between 1946 and 1947. The Model V computers were sophisticated digital calculating machines that employed about 9,000 telephone relays for switching elements and paper tape for programming. They could perform multiple calculations using floating point numbers and contained a system for self-checking errors. The Model V represented the limits of what was possible with electromechanical relay technology for the time. Even though relays would fail intermittently, the self-checking system and ability to automatically switch to other calculations afforded the machine its reliable reputation and impressive track record for continuous around-the-clock operation.

  In 1946, the x-66744 was delivered to the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) in Langley Field, Virginia. Then, in 1958 it was given to Texas Technical College, although according to a 1963 article in The Bell System Technical Journal, the machine suffered extensive damage in that shipment and its parts were salvaged for the other Model V computer that was in operation at Fort Bliss, Texas and later New Mexico State University at Las Cruces before portions of it were acquired by NMAH. The article erroneously mentions that the latter computer was transferred to the University of Arizona rather than New Mexico State University. See the Model V (or Model 5) Control Panel in the NMAH collection (1987.0821.01).

  References:

  Andrews, E.G. “Telephone Switching and the Early Bell Laboratories Computers.” The Bell System

  Technical Journal 42:2 March 1963): 341 – 353.

  Ceruzzi, Paul. Reckoners: The Prehistory of the Digital Computer from Relays to the Stored Program

  Concept, 1935-1945 (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press 1983).

  Kidwell, Peggy and Paul Ceruzzi. Landmarks in Digital Computing (Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian

  Institution Press, 1994).

  Millman, Sidney, Ed. A History of Engineering and Science in the Bell System: Communications Sciences

  1925-1980 (AT&T Bell Laboratories, 1984).

  Location

  Currently not on view

  date made

  1952-09-24

  maker

  Bell Telephone Laboratories

  ID Number

  1983.3018.10.20

  nonaccession number

  1983.3018

  catalog number

  1983.3018.10.20

  Data Source

  National Museum of American History

• Pamphlet, Wholesale House Punched Card Machine Accounting Manual

  Description

  his pamphlet introduces the use of tabulating machines at the Western Auto Supply Company in Kansas City, Missouri. It has Remington Rand form number SP TM-4282.

  Location

  Currently not on view

  date made

  ca 1955

  ca 1954

  maker

  Remington Rand Inc.

  ID Number

  1997.3012.06

  catalog number

  1977.3012.06

  nonaccession number

  1977.3012

  Data Source

  National Museum of American History

• Schematic for the Computer System X-66744, Bell Telephone Laboratories

  Description

  The computing collection contains several schematics of the computer system X-66744, created by Samuel B. Williams and George Stibitz at Bell Telephone Laboratories in New York City. Williams and Stibitz designed a series of six electromechanical relay computers between 1939 and 1949. The X-66744 was fifth in the series of computers, later called Models I through VI, which were deployed in defense efforts, including executing calculations for antiaircraft guns at federal agencies and military research hubs. This computer was one of two duplicate Model V versions created between 1946 and 1947. The Model V computers were sophisticated digital calculating machines that employed about 9,000 telephone relays for switching elements and paper tape for programming. They could perform multiple calculations using floating point numbers and contained a system for self-checking errors. The Model V represented the limits of what was possible with electromechanical relay technology for the time. Even though relays would fail intermittently, the self-checking system and ability to automatically switch to other calculations afforded the machine its reliable reputation and impressive track record for continuous around-the-clock operation.

  In 1946, the x-66744 was delivered to the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) in Langley Field, Virginia. Then, in 1958 it was given to Texas Technical College, although according to a 1963 article in The Bell System Technical Journal, the machine suffered extensive damage in that shipment and its parts were salvaged for the other Model V computer that was in operation at Fort Bliss, Texas and later New Mexico State University at Las Cruces before portions of it were acquired by NMAH. The article erroneously mentions that the latter computer was transferred to the University of Arizona rather than New Mexico State University. See the Model V (or Model 5) Control Panel in the NMAH collection (1987.0821.01).

  References:

  Andrews, E.G. “Telephone Switching and the Early Bell Laboratories Computers.” The Bell System

  Technical Journal 42:2 March 1963): 341 – 353.

  Ceruzzi, Paul. Reckoners: The Prehistory of the Digital Computer from Relays to the Stored Program

  Concept, 1935-1945 (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press 1983).

  Kidwell, Peggy and Paul Ceruzzi. Landmarks in Digital Computing (Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian

  Institution Press, 1994).

  Millman, Sidney, Ed. A History of Engineering and Science in the Bell System: Communications Sciences

  1925-1980 (AT&T Bell Laboratories, 1984).

  Location

  Currently not on view

  date made

  1952-09-24

  maker

  Bell Telephone Laboratories

  ID Number

  1983.3018.10.22

  nonaccession number

  1983.3018

  catalog number

  1983.3018.10.22

  Data Source

  National Museum of American History

• Schematic for the Computer System X-66744, Bell Telephone Laboratories

  Description

  The computing collection contains several schematics of the computer system X-66744, created by Samuel B. Williams and George Stibitz at Bell Telephone Laboratories in New York City. Williams and Stibitz designed a series of six electromechanical relay computers between 1939 and 1949. The X-66744 was fifth in the series of computers, later called Models I through VI, which were deployed in defense efforts, including executing calculations for antiaircraft guns at federal agencies and military research hubs. This computer was one of two duplicate Model V versions created between 1946 and 1947. The Model V computers were sophisticated digital calculating machines that employed about 9,000 telephone relays for switching elements and paper tape for programming. They could perform multiple calculations using floating point numbers and contained a system for self-checking errors. The Model V represented the limits of what was possible with electromechanical relay technology for the time. Even though relays would fail intermittently, the self-checking system and ability to automatically switch to other calculations afforded the machine its reliable reputation and impressive track record for continuous around-the-clock operation.

  In 1946, the x-66744 was delivered to the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) in Langley Field, Virginia. Then, in 1958 it was given to Texas Technical College, although according to a 1963 article in The Bell System Technical Journal, the machine suffered extensive damage in that shipment and its parts were salvaged for the other Model V computer that was in operation at Fort Bliss, Texas and later New Mexico State University at Las Cruces before portions of it were acquired by NMAH. The article erroneously mentions that the latter computer was transferred to the University of Arizona rather than New Mexico State University. See the Model V (or Model 5) Control Panel in the NMAH collection (1987.0821.01).

  References:

  Andrews, E.G. “Telephone Switching and the Early Bell Laboratories Computers.” The Bell System

  Technical Journal 42:2 March 1963): 341 – 353.

  Ceruzzi, Paul. Reckoners: The Prehistory of the Digital Computer from Relays to the Stored Program

  Concept, 1935-1945 (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press 1983).

  Kidwell, Peggy and Paul Ceruzzi. Landmarks in Digital Computing (Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian

  Institution Press, 1994).

  Millman, Sidney, Ed. A History of Engineering and Science in the Bell System: Communications Sciences

  1925-1980 (AT&T Bell Laboratories, 1984).

  Location

  Currently not on view

  date made

  1952-09-25

  maker

  Bell Telephone Laboratories

  ID Number

  1983.3018.10.11

  nonaccession number

  1983.3018

  catalog number

  1983.3018.10.11

  Data Source

  National Museum of American History

• Schematic for the Computer System X-66744, Bell Telephone Laboratories

  Description

  The computing collection contains several schematics of the computer system X-66744, created by Samuel B. Williams and George Stibitz at Bell Telephone Laboratories in New York City. Williams and Stibitz designed a series of six electromechanical relay computers between 1939 and 1949. The X-66744 was fifth in the series of computers, later called Models I through VI, which were deployed in defense efforts, including executing calculations for antiaircraft guns at federal agencies and military research hubs. This computer was one of two duplicate Model V versions created between 1946 and 1947. The Model V computers were sophisticated digital calculating machines that employed about 9,000 telephone relays for switching elements and paper tape for programming. They could perform multiple calculations using floating point numbers and contained a system for self-checking errors. The Model V represented the limits of what was possible with electromechanical relay technology for the time. Even though relays would fail intermittently, the self-checking system and ability to automatically switch to other calculations afforded the machine its reliable reputation and impressive track record for continuous around-the-clock operation.

  In 1946, the x-66744 was delivered to the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) in Langley Field, Virginia. Then, in 1958 it was given to Texas Technical College, although according to a 1963 article in The Bell System Technical Journal, the machine suffered extensive damage in that shipment and its parts were salvaged for the other Model V computer that was in operation at Fort Bliss, Texas and later New Mexico State University at Las Cruces before portions of it were acquired by NMAH. The article erroneously mentions that the latter computer was transferred to the University of Arizona rather than New Mexico State University. See the Model V (or Model 5) Control Panel in the NMAH collection (1987.0821.01).

  References:

  Andrews, E.G. “Telephone Switching and the Early Bell Laboratories Computers.” The Bell System

  Technical Journal 42:2 March 1963): 341 – 353.

  Ceruzzi, Paul. Reckoners: The Prehistory of the Digital Computer from Relays to the Stored Program

  Concept, 1935-1945 (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press 1983).

  Kidwell, Peggy and Paul Ceruzzi. Landmarks in Digital Computing (Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian

  Institution Press, 1994).

  Millman, Sidney, Ed. A History of Engineering and Science in the Bell System: Communications Sciences

  1925-1980 (AT&T Bell Laboratories, 1984).

  Location

  Currently not on view

  date made

  1952-09-25

  maker

  Bell Telephone Laboratories

  ID Number

  1983.3018.10.12

  nonaccession number

  1983.3018

  catalog number

  1983.3018.10.12

  Data Source

  National Museum of American History

• Schematic for the Computer System X-66744, Bell Telephone Laboratories

  Description

  The computing collection contains several schematics of the computer system X-66744, created by Samuel B. Williams and George Stibitz at Bell Telephone Laboratories in New York City. Williams and Stibitz designed a series of six electromechanical relay computers between 1939 and 1949. The X-66744 was fifth in the series of computers, later called Models I through VI, which were deployed in defense efforts, including executing calculations for antiaircraft guns at federal agencies and military research hubs. This computer was one of two duplicate Model V versions created between 1946 and 1947. The Model V computers were sophisticated digital calculating machines that employed about 9,000 telephone relays for switching elements and paper tape for programming. They could perform multiple calculations using floating point numbers and contained a system for self-checking errors. The Model V represented the limits of what was possible with electromechanical relay technology for the time. Even though relays would fail intermittently, the self-checking system and ability to automatically switch to other calculations afforded the machine its reliable reputation and impressive track record for continuous around-the-clock operation.

  In 1946, the x-66744 was delivered to the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) in Langley Field, Virginia. Then, in 1958 it was given to Texas Technical College, although according to a 1963 article in The Bell System Technical Journal, the machine suffered extensive damage in that shipment and its parts were salvaged for the other Model V computer that was in operation at Fort Bliss, Texas and later New Mexico State University at Las Cruces before portions of it were acquired by NMAH. The article erroneously mentions that the latter computer was transferred to the University of Arizona rather than New Mexico State University. See the Model V (or Model 5) Control Panel in the NMAH collection (1987.0821.01).

  References:

  Andrews, E.G. “Telephone Switching and the Early Bell Laboratories Computers.” The Bell System

  Technical Journal 42:2 March 1963): 341 – 353.

  Ceruzzi, Paul. Reckoners: The Prehistory of the Digital Computer from Relays to the Stored Program

  Concept, 1935-1945 (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press 1983).

  Kidwell, Peggy and Paul Ceruzzi. Landmarks in Digital Computing (Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian

  Institution Press, 1994).

  Millman, Sidney, Ed. A History of Engineering and Science in the Bell System: Communications Sciences

  1925-1980 (AT&T Bell Laboratories, 1984).

  Location

  Currently not on view

  date made

  1952-09-25

  maker

  Bell Telephone Laboratories

  ID Number

  1983.3018.10.13

  nonaccession number

  1983.3018

  catalog number

  1983.3018.10.13

  Data Source

  National Museum of American History

• Schematic for the Computer System X-66744, Bell Telephone Laboratories

  Description

  The computing collection contains several schematics of the computer system X-66744, created by Samuel B. Williams and George Stibitz at Bell Telephone Laboratories in New York City. Williams and Stibitz designed a series of six electromechanical relay computers between 1939 and 1949. The X-66744 was fifth in the series of computers, later called Models I through VI, which were deployed in defense efforts, including executing calculations for antiaircraft guns at federal agencies and military research hubs. This computer was one of two duplicate Model V versions created between 1946 and 1947. The Model V computers were sophisticated digital calculating machines that employed about 9,000 telephone relays for switching elements and paper tape for programming. They could perform multiple calculations using floating point numbers and contained a system for self-checking errors. The Model V represented the limits of what was possible with electromechanical relay technology for the time. Even though relays would fail intermittently, the self-checking system and ability to automatically switch to other calculations afforded the machine its reliable reputation and impressive track record for continuous around-the-clock operation.

  In 1946, the x-66744 was delivered to the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) in Langley Field, Virginia. Then, in 1958 it was given to Texas Technical College, although according to a 1963 article in The Bell System Technical Journal, the machine suffered extensive damage in that shipment and its parts were salvaged for the other Model V computer that was in operation at Fort Bliss, Texas and later New Mexico State University at Las Cruces before portions of it were acquired by NMAH. The article erroneously mentions that the latter computer was transferred to the University of Arizona rather than New Mexico State University. See the Model V (or Model 5) Control Panel in the NMAH collection (1987.0821.01).

  References:

  Andrews, E.G. “Telephone Switching and the Early Bell Laboratories Computers.” The Bell System

  Technical Journal 42:2 March 1963): 341 – 353.

  Ceruzzi, Paul. Reckoners: The Prehistory of the Digital Computer from Relays to the Stored Program

  Concept, 1935-1945 (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press 1983).

  Kidwell, Peggy and Paul Ceruzzi. Landmarks in Digital Computing (Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian

  Institution Press, 1994).

  Millman, Sidney, Ed. A History of Engineering and Science in the Bell System: Communications Sciences

  1925-1980 (AT&T Bell Laboratories, 1984).

  Location

  Currently not on view

  date made

  1952-09-25

  maker

  Bell Telephone Laboratories

  ID Number

  1983.3018.10.08

  nonaccession number

  1983.3018

  catalog number

  1983.3018.10.08

  Data Source

  National Museum of American History

• Schematic for the Computer System X-66744, Bell Telephone Laboratories

  Description

  The computing collection contains several schematics of the computer system X-66744, created by Samuel B. Williams and George Stibitz at Bell Telephone Laboratories in New York City. Williams and Stibitz designed a series of six electromechanical relay computers between 1939 and 1949. The X-66744 was fifth in the series of computers, later called Models I through VI, which were deployed in defense efforts, including executing calculations for antiaircraft guns at federal agencies and military research hubs. This computer was one of two duplicate Model V versions created between 1946 and 1947. The Model V computers were sophisticated digital calculating machines that employed about 9,000 telephone relays for switching elements and paper tape for programming. They could perform multiple calculations using floating point numbers and contained a system for self-checking errors. The Model V represented the limits of what was possible with electromechanical relay technology for the time. Even though relays would fail intermittently, the self-checking system and ability to automatically switch to other calculations afforded the machine its reliable reputation and impressive track record for continuous around-the-clock operation.

  In 1946, the x-66744 was delivered to the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) in Langley Field, Virginia. Then, in 1958 it was given to Texas Technical College, although according to a 1963 article in The Bell System Technical Journal, the machine suffered extensive damage in that shipment and its parts were salvaged for the other Model V computer that was in operation at Fort Bliss, Texas and later New Mexico State University at Las Cruces before portions of it were acquired by NMAH. The article erroneously mentions that the latter computer was transferred to the University of Arizona rather than New Mexico State University. See the Model V (or Model 5) Control Panel in the NMAH collection (1987.0821.01).

  References:

  Andrews, E.G. “Telephone Switching and the Early Bell Laboratories Computers.” The Bell System

  Technical Journal 42:2 March 1963): 341 – 353.

  Ceruzzi, Paul. Reckoners: The Prehistory of the Digital Computer from Relays to the Stored Program

  Concept, 1935-1945 (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press 1983).

  Kidwell, Peggy and Paul Ceruzzi. Landmarks in Digital Computing (Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian

  Institution Press, 1994).

  Millman, Sidney, Ed. A History of Engineering and Science in the Bell System: Communications Sciences

  1925-1980 (AT&T Bell Laboratories, 1984).

  Location

  Currently not on view

  date made

  1952-09-12

  maker

  Bell Telephone Laboratories

  ID Number

  1983.3018.32

  nonaccession number

  1983.3018

  catalog number

  1983.3018.32

  Data Source

  National Museum of American History

• Schematic for the Computer System X-66744, Bell Telephone Laboratories

  Description

  The computing collection contains several schematics of the computer system X-66744, created by Samuel B. Williams and George Stibitz at Bell Telephone Laboratories in New York City. Williams and Stibitz designed a series of six electromechanical relay computers between 1939 and 1949. The X-66744 was fifth in the series of computers, later called Models I through VI, which were deployed in defense efforts, including executing calculations for antiaircraft guns at federal agencies and military research hubs. This computer was one of two duplicate Model V versions created between 1946 and 1947. The Model V computers were sophisticated digital calculating machines that employed about 9,000 telephone relays for switching elements and paper tape for programming. They could perform multiple calculations using floating point numbers and contained a system for self-checking errors. The Model V represented the limits of what was possible with electromechanical relay technology for the time. Even though relays would fail intermittently, the self-checking system and ability to automatically switch to other calculations afforded the machine its reliable reputation and impressive track record for continuous around-the-clock operation.

  In 1946, the x-66744 was delivered to the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) in Langley Field, Virginia. Then, in 1958 it was given to Texas Technical College, although according to a 1963 article in The Bell System Technical Journal, the machine suffered extensive damage in that shipment and its parts were salvaged for the other Model V computer that was in operation at Fort Bliss, Texas and later New Mexico State University at Las Cruces before portions of it were acquired by NMAH. The article erroneously mentions that the latter computer was transferred to the University of Arizona rather than New Mexico State University. See the Model V (or Model 5) Control Panel in the NMAH collection (1987.0821.01).

  References:

  Andrews, E.G. “Telephone Switching and the Early Bell Laboratories Computers.” The Bell System

  Technical Journal 42:2 March 1963): 341 – 353.

  Ceruzzi, Paul. Reckoners: The Prehistory of the Digital Computer from Relays to the Stored Program

  Concept, 1935-1945 (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press 1983).

  Kidwell, Peggy and Paul Ceruzzi. Landmarks in Digital Computing (Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian

  Institution Press, 1994).

  Millman, Sidney, Ed. A History of Engineering and Science in the Bell System: Communications Sciences

  1925-1980 (AT&T Bell Laboratories, 1984).

  Location

  Currently not on view

  date made

  1952-09-25

  maker

  Bell Telephone Laboratories

  ID Number

  1983.3018.10.09

  nonaccession number

  1983.3018

  catalog number

  1983.3018.10.09

  Data Source

  National Museum of American History

• Schematic for the Computer System X-66744, Bell Telephone Laboratories

  Description

  The computing collection contains several schematics of the computer system X-66744, created by Samuel B. Williams and George Stibitz at Bell Telephone Laboratories in New York City. Williams and Stibitz designed a series of six electromechanical relay computers between 1939 and 1949. The X-66744 was fifth in the series of computers, later called Models I through VI, which were deployed in defense efforts, including executing calculations for antiaircraft guns at federal agencies and military research hubs. This computer was one of two duplicate Model V versions created between 1946 and 1947. The Model V computers were sophisticated digital calculating machines that employed about 9,000 telephone relays for switching elements and paper tape for programming. They could perform multiple calculations using floating point numbers and contained a system for self-checking errors. The Model V represented the limits of what was possible with electromechanical relay technology for the time. Even though relays would fail intermittently, the self-checking system and ability to automatically switch to other calculations afforded the machine its reliable reputation and impressive track record for continuous around-the-clock operation.

  In 1946, the x-66744 was delivered to the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) in Langley Field, Virginia. Then, in 1958 it was given to Texas Technical College, although according to a 1963 article in The Bell System Technical Journal, the machine suffered extensive damage in that shipment and its parts were salvaged for the other Model V computer that was in operation at Fort Bliss, Texas and later New Mexico State University at Las Cruces before portions of it were acquired by NMAH. The article erroneously mentions that the latter computer was transferred to the University of Arizona rather than New Mexico State University. See the Model V (or Model 5) Control Panel in the NMAH collection (1987.0821.01).

  References:

  Andrews, E.G. “Telephone Switching and the Early Bell Laboratories Computers.” The Bell System

  Technical Journal 42:2 March 1963): 341 – 353.

  Ceruzzi, Paul. Reckoners: The Prehistory of the Digital Computer from Relays to the Stored Program

  Concept, 1935-1945 (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press 1983).

  Kidwell, Peggy and Paul Ceruzzi. Landmarks in Digital Computing (Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian

  Institution Press, 1994).

  Millman, Sidney, Ed. A History of Engineering and Science in the Bell System: Communications Sciences

  1925-1980 (AT&T Bell Laboratories, 1984).

  Location

  Currently not on view

  date made

  1952-09-24

  maker

  Bell Telephone Laboratories

  ID Number

  1983.3018.10.23

  nonaccession number

  1983.3018

  catalog number

  1983.3018.10.23

  Data Source

  National Museum of American History

• Schematic for the Computer System X-66744, Bell Telephone Laboratories

  Description

  The computing collection contains several schematics of the computer system X-66744, created by Samuel B. Williams and George Stibitz at Bell Telephone Laboratories in New York City. Williams and Stibitz designed a series of six electromechanical relay computers between 1939 and 1949. The X-66744 was fifth in the series of computers, later called Models I through VI, which were deployed in defense efforts, including executing calculations for antiaircraft guns at federal agencies and military research hubs. This computer was one of two duplicate Model V versions created between 1946 and 1947. The Model V computers were sophisticated digital calculating machines that employed about 9,000 telephone relays for switching elements and paper tape for programming. They could perform multiple calculations using floating point numbers and contained a system for self-checking errors. The Model V represented the limits of what was possible with electromechanical relay technology for the time. Even though relays would fail intermittently, the self-checking system and ability to automatically switch to other calculations afforded the machine its reliable reputation and impressive track record for continuous around-the-clock operation.

  In 1946, the x-66744 was delivered to the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) in Langley Field, Virginia. Then, in 1958 it was given to Texas Technical College, although according to a 1963 article in The Bell System Technical Journal, the machine suffered extensive damage in that shipment and its parts were salvaged for the other Model V computer that was in operation at Fort Bliss, Texas and later New Mexico State University at Las Cruces before portions of it were acquired by NMAH. The article erroneously mentions that the latter computer was transferred to the University of Arizona rather than New Mexico State University. See the Model V (or Model 5) Control Panel in the NMAH collection (1987.0821.01).

  References:

  Andrews, E.G. “Telephone Switching and the Early Bell Laboratories Computers.” The Bell System

  Technical Journal 42:2 March 1963): 341 – 353.

  Ceruzzi, Paul. Reckoners: The Prehistory of the Digital Computer from Relays to the Stored Program

  Concept, 1935-1945 (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press 1983).

  Kidwell, Peggy and Paul Ceruzzi. Landmarks in Digital Computing (Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian

  Institution Press, 1994).

  Millman, Sidney, Ed. A History of Engineering and Science in the Bell System: Communications Sciences

  1925-1980 (AT&T Bell Laboratories, 1984).

  Location

  Currently not on view

  date made

  1952-09-12

  maker

  Bell Telephone Laboratories

  ID Number

  1983.3018.30

  nonaccession number

  1983.3018

  catalog number

  1983.3018.30

  Data Source

  National Museum of American History

• Schematic for the Computer System X-66744, Bell Telephone Laboratories

  Description

  The computing collection contains several schematics of the computer system X-66744, created by Samuel B. Williams and George Stibitz at Bell Telephone Laboratories in New York City. Williams and Stibitz designed a series of six electromechanical relay computers between 1939 and 1949. The X-66744 was fifth in the series of computers, later called Models I through VI, which were deployed in defense efforts, including executing calculations for antiaircraft guns at federal agencies and military research hubs. This computer was one of two duplicate Model V versions created between 1946 and 1947. The Model V computers were sophisticated digital calculating machines that employed about 9,000 telephone relays for switching elements and paper tape for programming. They could perform multiple calculations using floating point numbers and contained a system for self-checking errors. The Model V represented the limits of what was possible with electromechanical relay technology for the time. Even though relays would fail intermittently, the self-checking system and ability to automatically switch to other calculations afforded the machine its reliable reputation and impressive track record for continuous around-the-clock operation.

  In 1946, the x-66744 was delivered to the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) in Langley Field, Virginia. Then, in 1958 it was given to Texas Technical College, although according to a 1963 article in The Bell System Technical Journal, the machine suffered extensive damage in that shipment and its parts were salvaged for the other Model V computer that was in operation at Fort Bliss, Texas and later New Mexico State University at Las Cruces before portions of it were acquired by NMAH. The article erroneously mentions that the latter computer was transferred to the University of Arizona rather than New Mexico State University. See the Model V (or Model 5) Control Panel in the NMAH collection (1987.0821.01).

  References:

  Andrews, E.G. “Telephone Switching and the Early Bell Laboratories Computers.” The Bell System

  Technical Journal 42:2 March 1963): 341 – 353.

  Ceruzzi, Paul. Reckoners: The Prehistory of the Digital Computer from Relays to the Stored Program

  Concept, 1935-1945 (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press 1983).

  Kidwell, Peggy and Paul Ceruzzi. Landmarks in Digital Computing (Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian

  Institution Press, 1994).

  Millman, Sidney, Ed. A History of Engineering and Science in the Bell System: Communications Sciences

  1925-1980 (AT&T Bell Laboratories, 1984).

  Location

  Currently not on view

  date made

  1952-09-25

  maker

  Bell Telephone Laboratories

  ID Number

  1983.3018.10.14

  nonaccession number

  1983.3018

  catalog number

  1983.3018.10.14

  Data Source

  National Museum of American History

• Documentation on the Philbrick Computer

  Description

  TheElectronic Analogue Computation Laboratory of the Department of Engineering at the University of California at Los Anglees prepared a typescript Bulletin describing developments in the field. This is Bulletin No. 2.The undated document - as well as Bulletin No. 1 - described use of Philbrick Computer components. A signature on the document reads: Don Lebell. A five-page document attached to this one is entitled "Application of Feedback Amplifiers to Analog Operations." It is by Louis G. Walters.

  Location

  Currently not on view

  date made

  1950

  ID Number

  1995.3001.16

  nonaccession number

  1995.3001

  catalog number

  1995.3001.16

  Data Source

  National Museum of American History

• Documentation on Miscellaneous Computing Devices

  Description

  This documentation on diverse computing devices includes material on the BINAC, the C.I.T. Electric Analog Computer, the Douglas Aircraft Data Analyzer, the EDVAC, diverse German and Japanese machines, the Goodyear Geda L3, the Maddida, the SWAC, and Reeves Instrument Company machines.

  For a related transaction, see 1983.0023.

  Location

  Currently not on view

  date made

  ca 1947-1956

  ID Number

  1995.3001.19

  nonaccession number

  1995.3001

  catalog number

  1995.3001.19

  Data Source

  National Museum of American History

• Schematic for the Computer System X-66744, Bell Telephone Laboratories

  Description

  The computing collection contains several schematics of the computer system X-66744, created by Samuel B. Williams and George Stibitz at Bell Telephone Laboratories in New York City. Williams and Stibitz designed a series of six electromechanical relay computers between 1939 and 1949. The X-66744 was fifth in the series of computers, later called Models I through VI, which were deployed in defense efforts, including executing calculations for antiaircraft guns at federal agencies and military research hubs. This computer was one of two duplicate Model V versions created between 1946 and 1947. The Model V computers were sophisticated digital calculating machines that employed about 9,000 telephone relays for switching elements and paper tape for programming. They could perform multiple calculations using floating point numbers and contained a system for self-checking errors. The Model V represented the limits of what was possible with electromechanical relay technology for the time. Even though relays would fail intermittently, the self-checking system and ability to automatically switch to other calculations afforded the machine its reliable reputation and impressive track record for continuous around-the-clock operation.

  In 1946, the x-66744 was delivered to the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) in Langley Field, Virginia. Then, in 1958 it was given to Texas Technical College, although according to a 1963 article in The Bell System Technical Journal, the machine suffered extensive damage in that shipment and its parts were salvaged for the other Model V computer that was in operation at Fort Bliss, Texas and later New Mexico State University at Las Cruces before portions of it were acquired by NMAH. The article erroneously mentions that the latter computer was transferred to the University of Arizona rather than New Mexico State University. See the Model V (or Model 5) Control Panel in the NMAH collection (1987.0821.01).

  References:

  Andrews, E.G. “Telephone Switching and the Early Bell Laboratories Computers.” The Bell System

  Technical Journal 42:2 March 1963): 341 – 353.

  Ceruzzi, Paul. Reckoners: The Prehistory of the Digital Computer from Relays to the Stored Program

  Concept, 1935-1945 (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press 1983).

  Kidwell, Peggy and Paul Ceruzzi. Landmarks in Digital Computing (Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian

  Institution Press, 1994).

  Millman, Sidney, Ed. A History of Engineering and Science in the Bell System: Communications Sciences

  1925-1980 (AT&T Bell Laboratories, 1984).

  Location

  Currently not on view

  date made

  1952-09-25

  maker

  Bell Telephone Laboratories

  ID Number

  1983.3018.10.10

  nonaccession number

  1983.3018

  catalog number

  1983.3018.10.10

  Data Source

  National Museum of American History

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