Computers & Business Machines
Imagine the loss, 100 years from now, if museums hadn't begun preserving the artifacts of the computer age. The last few decades offer proof positive of why museums must collect continuously—to document technological and social transformations already underway.
The museum's collections contain mainframes, minicomputers, microcomputers, and handheld devices. Computers range from the pioneering ENIAC to microcomputers like the Altair and the Apple I. A Cray2 supercomputer is part of the collections, along with one of the towers of IBM's Deep Blue, the computer that defeated reigning champion Garry Kasparov in a chess match in 1997. Computer components and peripherals, games, software, manuals, and other documents are part of the collections. Some of the instruments of business include adding machines, calculators, typewriters, dictating machines, fax machines, cash registers, and photocopiers
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Sheets, Marchant I Type II Service Guide
- Description
- These sheets, stored in a green paper folder, provide illustrated instructions for the service of SCM Marchant electronic calculators with model numbers Marchant I (both the two and the three-chip versions), and the related Marchant RX, Marchant RXX, and Marchant F-80.
- Location
- Currently not on view
- Date made
- 1973
- maker
- SCM Corporation
- ID Number
- 1979.3084.077
- nonaccession number
- 1979.3084
- catalog number
- 1979.3084.077
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History
-
Sheets, Cogito 616 Electronic Printing Calculator Service & Parts Manual
- Description
- This spiral-bound printed illustrated volume is a service manual for an SCM Marchant electronic printing calculator.
- Location
- Currently not on view
- Date made
- 1968
- maker
- SCM Corporation
- ID Number
- 1979.3084.073
- nonaccession number
- 1979.3084
- catalog number
- 1979.3084.073
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History
-
Sheets, Marchant 310/410 Electronic Calculator Type II Service Guide
- Description
- These sheets, stored in a green paper folder, provide instructions for the service of SCM Marchant electronic calculators with model numbers 310 and 410.
- Location
- Currently not on view
- Date made
- 1971
- maker
- SCM Corporation
- ID Number
- 1979.3084.076
- nonaccession number
- 1979.3084
- catalog number
- 1979.3084.076
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History
-
Sheets, 312/412,414 Electronic Calculator Type II Service Guide
- Description
- These sheets, stored in a green paper folder, provide illustrated instructions for the service of SCM Marchant electronic calculators with model numbers 312, 412, and 414. This is the second edition of the service guilde, previously copyrighted in 1972.
- Location
- Currently not on view
- Date made
- 1972
- maker
- SCM Corporation
- ID Number
- 1979.3084.078
- nonaccession number
- 1979.3084
- catalog number
- 1979.3084.078
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History
-
Sheets, Marchant 616/516/516A/616C Electronic Calculator Type II Service Guide
- Description
- These sheets, stored in a green paper folder, provide instructions for the service of SCM Marchant electronic calculators with model numbers 616, 616C, 516, and 516A.
- A note on the back of the title page reads: "THIS SERVICE GUIDE HAS BEEN (/) PRINTED ON RECYCLED PAPER TO (/) HELP PRESERVE THE ENVIRONMENT.
- Location
- Currently not on view
- Date made
- 1971
- maker
- SCM Corporation
- ID Number
- 1979.3084.075
- nonaccession number
- 1979.3084
- catalog number
- 1979.3084.075
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History
-
Sheets, F-160P / 6161 / 6162 / 4161 Electronic Calculator Type II Service Guide
- Description
- These sheets, stored in a green paper folder, provide illustrated instructions for the service of SCM Marchant electronic calculators with model numbers F-160 P, 6161, 6162, and 4161 (the 6160 family).
- Location
- Currently not on view
- Date made
- 1972
- maker
- SCM Corporation
- ID Number
- 1979.3084.079
- nonaccession number
- 1979.3084
- catalog number
- 1979.3084.079
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History
-
Notebook, SCM Procedures Manual
- Description
- In the mid-1960s, after years of selling mechanical calculation machines, Marchant (now the Marchant division of SCM) introduced desktop electronic calculators. This notebook provides information about the repari of several SCM Marchant electronic caclulators, specifically the Cogito 240-240SR, Marchant I, Marchant /IF-80, Marchant I - RX/RXX, Cogito 566 PR, and model F-160P/6161/6162/4161.
- Location
- Currently not on view
- Date made
- 1960s
- date made
- 1965-1971
- maker
- SCM Corporation
- ID Number
- 1979.3084.072
- nonaccession number
- 1979.3084
- catalog number
- 1979.3084.072
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History
-
SCM Marchant Cogito 240 Electronic Calculator
- Description
- This ten-key, non-printing electronic desktop calculator performs the four arithmetic operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. The factors and results are stored in three registers, two of twelve-digit capacity and the third, of twenty-four digits. The content of these registers appears in three rows on a cathode ray tube display. The top row (K) shows the entry from the keyboard, the second row (Q) the second factor or the quotient, and the third row (P) the total, product, or dividend.
- In front of the display is the keyboard, with an array of digit keys at the center, keys for arithmetic functions and memory on the right, and on the left reset, register transfer, register entry, recall, and exchange keys.
- A mark on the left front of the machine reads: SCM MARCHANT. A mark behind the keyboard and below the screen reads: COGITO 240.
- In the summer of 1965, the SCM Marchant Division of SCM Corporation announced that it would begin to sell the company’s first electronic calculators that fall. These were the Cogito 240 and a similar machine, the Cogito 240SR, which also had the ability to take square roots. The 240 was to sell for $2,195, and the 240SR for $2,395. The machines were manufactured at a company plant in Oakland, California.
- According to Bensene, the machine was designed by computer pioneer Stanley Frankel, who had worked on the Manhattan Project, run programs on the ENIAC computer, headed the Computation Laboratory at the California Institute of Technology, and contributed to the design of minicomputers such as the LGP-30 and the Packard-Bell PB-250. Frankel worked on the design at Computron Corporation, a subsidiary of the California firm of Electrosolids. Not long after the British firm of Sumlock Comptometer released a desktop electronic calculator in 1961 (see the Anita Mark VIII), SCM acquired Computron Corporation, and Frankel and his team moved there to develop the Cogito 240.
- The calculator was quickly replaced by other electronic calculators in the SCM line. SCM dropped out of the calculator business entirely in 1972.
- References:
- R. Bensene, “SCM Marchant Cogito 240SR Electronic Desktop Computer,” at the website The Old Calculator Museum, accessed March 28, 2013.
- SCM Marchant, Cogito 240-240SR Service Manual & Parts List, Oakland, Calif.: SCM Corporation, 1965. This is 1979.3084.72.
- W. D. Smith, “Electronic Calculators Gaining,” New York Times, August 7, 1965, p. 25.
- “Presenting a new, highly advanced electronic calculator the Cogito 240,” Los Angeles Times, June 17, 1965, p. B10. Similar advertisements ran in the Chicago Tribune, Washington Post, and New York Times.
- Location
- Currently not on view
- date made
- ca 1966
- maker
- SCM Corporation
- ID Number
- CI.335373
- accession number
- 318944
- catalog number
- 335373
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History
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