Energy & Power

The Museum's collections on energy and power illuminate the role of fire, steam, wind, water, electricity, and the atom in the nation's history. The artifacts include wood-burning stoves, water turbines, and windmills, as well as steam, gas, and diesel engines. Oil-exploration and coal-mining equipment form part of these collections, along with a computer that controlled a power plant and even bubble chambers—a tool of physicists to study protons, electrons, and other charged particles.
A special strength of the collections lies in objects related to the history of electrical power, including generators, batteries, cables, transformers, and early photovoltaic cells. A group of Thomas Edison's earliest light bulbs are a precious treasure. Hundreds of other objects represent the innumerable uses of electricity, from streetlights and railway signals to microwave ovens and satellite equipment.


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Campaign Card, 1880
- associated date
- 1880 11 02
- ID Number
- PL.227739.1880.W01 [dup1]
- catalog number
- 227739.1880.W01
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History
-
Civil War Pardon
- date made
- 1865
- associated date
- 1865 05 29
- associated person
- Johnson, Andrew
- ID Number
- PL.020328
- catalog number
- 4093
- accession number
- 20328
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History
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Campaign Song Book, "Ye Little Giant"
- associated date
- 1888
- 1840
- associated person
- Harrison, Benjamin
- ID Number
- PL.305360.308
- catalog number
- 305360.308
- accession number
- 305360
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History
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Fox and Geese Game Board
- Description
- This 9-inch square board with 32 holes was made for playing Fox and Geese, a game of strategy between two players. The 19 pegs representing geese and a single longer peg for the fox are long gone from this particular board made in Gloucester, Massachusetts. Fox and Geese was among the games played by fishermen during idle times on sailing schooners working in the North Atlantic fisheries. This board was part of a display on “Habits of Fishermen,” at the International Fisheries Exhibition in London in 1883. Other games in the display, all from Gloucester, included cards, a checkerboard, backgammon, and a diamond puzzle.
- The rules of play for Fox and Geese are simple: one player controls the fox, while the other controls the geese. The fox can move in a straight line in any direction and, as it jumps over geese, the geese are removed from the board. To win, the fox must break through the entire line of geese. The geese are only allowed to move forward or sideways. To win, they must corner the fox so it cannot move.
- The Oxford English Dictionary cites a 1633 reference to the game from a play called Fine Companion by Shackerley Marmion: “Let him sit in the shop . . . and let him play at fox and geese with the foreman.” The game was played in colonial America and, with minor variations, well into the 19th and 20th centuries.
- This game board was one of several items donated to the Smithsonian by Capt. George Merchant Jr., of Gloucester.
- Location
- Currently not on view (Pegs from gameboard)
- Date made
- 1883
- ID Number
- AG.057950
- catalog number
- 057950
- accession number
- 12158
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History
-
page, carte-de-visite album
- Location
- Currently not on view
- date made
- 1864 circa
- ID Number
- 2018.0124.04j
- accession number
- 2018.0124
- catalog number
- 2018.0124.04
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History
-
Glass Ballot Jar with Lockable Wooden Housing, 1884
- Description
- The glass ballot jar became a symbol of democratic self-government. This 1884 glass ballot jar is typical of the transparent devices used to secure paper ballots.
- Date made
- 1884
- maker
- Amos Pettibone
- ID Number
- 1999.0024.01
- accession number
- 1999.0024
- catalog number
- 1999.0024.01
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History
-
Campaign Pin, 1888
- Description
- Campaign Pin, 1888
- associated date
- 1888
- associated person
- Harrison, Benjamin
- ID Number
- 2015.0200.033
- accession number
- 2015.0200
- catalog number
- 2015.0200.033
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History
-
National Republican Ticket
- Description
- This national electoral ballot of the Republican Party for the 1880 Presidential election depicts side by side oval portraits of James A Garfield (nominee for President) and Chester A. Arthur (nominee for Vice President).
- date made
- 1880
- referenced; depicted
- Garfield, James A.
- Arthur, Chester A.
- referenced
- Republican Party
- ID Number
- PL.227739.1880.T05
- catalog number
- 227739.1880.T5
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History
-
pages, carte-de-visite album
- Location
- Currently not on view
- date made
- 1864 circa
- depicted (sitter)
- Lincoln, Abraham
- referenced
- Whittier, John Greenleaf
- depicted (sitter)
- Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth
- ID Number
- 2018.0124.05f
- accession number
- 2018.0124
- catalog number
- 2018.0124.05
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History
-
Plate 89. Libby Prison, Richmond
- Description
- Text and photograph from Gardner's Photographic Sketchbook of the War, Vol. II. Negative by Alexander Gardner, text and positive by Alexander Gardner.
- The Old Tobacco Warehouse is too well known to need much description. This view was taken after the time was passed when Union officers and men looked wearily through the tiara at the monotonous flow of the James, and wondered how much longer they could endure without going mad; or peeping out into the street at the risk of being fired at by some sentry, watched the relief on its rounds, or the arrival of more prisoners to swell the already overcrowded numbers in durance. The Union flag floats upon the building, and the tables are turned. Rebel prisoners occupy the floors, so lately filled by Northern soldiers, with permission to kick up their heels to their hearts' content. There is a little crowd around the door at the corner, formed of destitute persona seeking relief. It was in this office the Union prisoners were received by the prison-keepers, and coolly dispoiled of any little trifles left about their persona, by their captors. The lower windows on the end of the building, light some of the small cells in the foundation, where officers were placed for punishment. It was here that Captains Flynn and Sawyer were confined, pending the retaliatory execution, to which they were condemned by the rebel authorities, and fortunately prevented by the prompt measures adopted by our Government. When Turner – brother of the notorious Dick – gave himself up, to escape vengeance at the hands of the soldiers, he was deposited in one of these places, that he might have a chance to appreciate the misery of some of those he had so ruthlessly confined there. This view of the Libby is taken from Castle Thunder, a warehouse of the same order of architecture.
- Location
- Currently not on view
- date made
- 1865-04
- maker
- Gardner, Alexander
- ID Number
- 1986.0711.0283.39
- accession number
- 1986.0711
- catalog number
- 1986.0711.0283.39
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History
-
pages, carte-de-visite album
- Location
- Currently not on view
- date made
- 1864 circa
- ID Number
- 2018.0124.04o
- accession number
- 2018.0124
- catalog number
- 2018.0124.04
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History
-
Republican Ticket
- Location
- Currently not on view
- Associated Date
- 1888
- associated person
- Harrison, Benjamin
- associated institution
- Republican National Party
- ID Number
- PL.227739.1888.T08
- catalog number
- 227739.1888.T08
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History
-
page, carte-de-visite album
- Location
- Currently not on view
- date made
- 1864 circa
- depicted (sitter)
- Grant, Ulysses S.
- ID Number
- 2018.0124.05c
- accession number
- 2018.0124
- catalog number
- 2018.0124.05
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History
-
1888 Prohibition Amendment Parlor Throw
- Description
- "Memorial to the Constitutional Prohibition Ammendment 1888", is found on a red satin triangle on a corner of the lining. In 1888 the Prohibition Party was beginning to achieve national strength in the presidential elections.
- Founded in 1869, for the purpose of prohibiting the sale and manufacture of liquor, the Prohibition Party finally achieved the goal in 1919 with the ratification of the 18th Amendment. The 18th Amendment was repealed in 1933 by the 21st Amendment. Although the party still exists, it does not have the following it had in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. This parlor throw was made at the height of the Prohibition Party’s popularity.
- A 14-inch center block of red velvet with painted water lilies is framed by two rows of painted or embroidered 7-inch satin blocks. The use of three colors (amber, blue and black), set alternately, provides a balanced overall aesthetic. An 8 ¼-inch red velvet border completes the throw. The lining is red satin, machine-quilted in a triple diagonal grid. Five of the black satin squares have painted religious inscriptions: “Hope;” a Bible with “Tried and Proved;” “Rest in the Lord and wait patiently for Him;” Be of the same mind one toward another;” and, a cross with “Et Teneo et Teneor.” The last, meaning "I hold and am held," may have referred to the motto of a Baptist college founded by Charles Haddon Spurgeon in the 1860s. The floral and bird motifs, the spider web, and others are similar to those found on crazy patchwork of the late 19th century.
- Although the maker is not known, the sentiments expressed are indicative of the types of inscriptions on decorative items that might be found in many homes during that era.
- Location
- Currently not on view
- date made
- 1888
- maker
- unknown
- ID Number
- TE.T11462
- accession number
- 211904
- catalog number
- T11462
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History
-
Jefferson Davis Death to Traitors Medal
- Description (Brief)
- This medal was made by the Scovill Manufacturing Company of Waterbury, Connecticut around 1861. The Scovill Company was established in 1802 as a button manufacturer that is still in business today. Scovill was an early industrial American innovator, adapting armory manufacturing processes to mass-produce a variety of consumer goods including buttons, daguerreotype mats, and medals. This medal was struck in reaction to the secession of the Confederacy and the election of its President, Jefferson Davis.
- Obverse: Image of a man being hanged on a gallows. The legend reads: JEFFERSON DAVIS 1861.
- Reverse: Legend reads: DEATH TO TRAITORS.
- Location
- Currently not on view
- referenced
- Davis, Jefferson
- maker
- Scovill Manufacturing Company
- ID Number
- 1981.0296.1128
- accession number
- 1981.0296
- catalog number
- 1981.0296.1128
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History
-
Ulysses S. Grant's chair from Appomattox
- Description
- On April 9, 1865, General Ulysses S. Grant and General Robert E. Lee met in the home of Wilmer McLean at Appomattox Court House, Virginia, to negotiate the surrender of the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia to the United States Army. Sitting in the chair on the right, Grant discussed the fate of Lee's troops. Then, leaning over the oval table, he drafted and signed the final terms of surrender. While there were still Confederate troops in the field under other commanders, Lee's surrender effectively marked the end of the Civil War.
- Union officers, recognizing the significance of the event, individually took pieces of furniture as souvenirs. General E. W. Whitaker grabbed Lee's chair, General Henry Capehart claimed Grant's chair, and General Philip Sheridan took the table and presented it to the wife of Major General George Amstrong Custer. In three separate donations, by 1915, these items were reunited at the Smithsonian Institution.
- Date made
- before 1865
- associated date
- 1865-04-09
- associated person
- Grant, Ulysses S. (Ulysses Simpson)
- ID Number
- PL.010517
- catalog number
- 010517
- accession number
- 45493
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History
-
1870 - 1886 Margaret Tormey's Crazy-patched Quilt Top
- Description
- It took Margaret Tormey sixteen years to carefully craft this 86-inch quilt top, dated 1886, and two matching pillow shams. She included campaign and club ribbons that name New York and Brooklyn; printed silks from the Robinson Company with such motifs as the Statue of Liberty; and brocaded silk pictures to personalize her project. Examples of chromolithograph printing on silk are also found on the quilt top. A multitude of embroidered motifs typical of the era embellish the crazy-patchwork.
- Margaret McNamara was born in Ireland (about 1835) and immigrated with her family to the United States about 1848. In 1861 she married Patrick Tormey, who was also born in Ireland (about 1835) and immigrated as a teenager. They lived in Brooklyn, N.Y. Patrick, a Civil War veteran, was keeper of the Brooklyn City Hall for many years. He died in 1900. Margaret died in 1910.
- Location
- Currently not on view
- date made
- 1870-1886
- maker
- Tormey, Margaret McNamara
- ID Number
- TE.T12927
- accession number
- 247329
- catalog number
- T12927
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History
-
Lewis Latimer Patent Drawing
- Description
- Electricity pioneer Lewis Latimer drew this component of an arc lamp, an early type of electric light, for the U.S. Electric Lighting Company in 1880.
- The son of escaped slaves and a Civil War veteran at age sixteen, Latimer trained himself as a draftsman. His technical and artistic skills earned him jobs with Alexander Graham Bell and Thomas Edison, among others. An inventor in his own right, Latimer received numerous patents and was a renowned industry expert on incandescent lighting.
- Location
- Currently not on view
- Date made
- 1880-07-25
- maker
- Latimer, Lewis H.
- ID Number
- 1983.0458.21
- accession number
- 1983.0458
- catalog number
- 1983.0458.21
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History
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page, carte-de-visite album
- Location
- Currently not on view
- date made
- 1864 circa
- ID Number
- 2018.0124.04g
- accession number
- 2018.0124
- catalog number
- 2018.0124.04
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History
-
Constitution and Union
- Location
- Currently not on view
- Associated Date
- 1888
- associated person
- Cleveland, Grover
- associated institution
- Democratic National Party
- ID Number
- PL.227739.1888.T16
- catalog number
- 227739.1888.T16
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History
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