Energy & Power
The Museum's collections on energy and power illuminate the role of fire, steam, wind, water, electricity, and the atom in the nation's history. The artifacts include wood-burning stoves, water turbines, and windmills, as well as steam, gas, and diesel engines. Oil-exploration and coal-mining equipment form part of these collections, along with a computer that controlled a power plant and even bubble chambers—a tool of physicists to study protons, electrons, and other charged particles.
A special strength of the collections lies in objects related to the history of electrical power, including generators, batteries, cables, transformers, and early photovoltaic cells. A group of Thomas Edison's earliest light bulbs are a precious treasure. Hundreds of other objects represent the innumerable uses of electricity, from streetlights and railway signals to microwave ovens and satellite equipment.
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The Rats Leaving a Falling House
- Description (Brief)
- This well-known caricature of President Andrew Jackson refers to the break-up of his cabinet in 1831. This breakup of the so-called Kitchen Cabinet was highly unusual, as it was personal disputes amongst the wives of politicians rather than political ones that upset the cabinet. Known as the Petticoat Affair, this dispute centered around Margaret Eaton, the wife of the Secretary of War, John Eaton. Other cabinet wives like Second Lady Floride Calhoun, and Jackson’s niece and official White House Hostess, Emily Donelson, felt that Eaton was not a proper lady and lacked the moral standard needed to be married to a cabinet member. This questioning of her character stemmed from her marriage to Eaton, deemed hasty and drenched in controversy due to rumors that they had an affair before her first husband had passed. Jackson sympathized with the Eatons and supported them, as he felt that the death of his beloved wife, Rachel was due to the stress of intense campaign trail speculation that her marriage was not legal. After years of tension, Jackson called for the resignation of anti-Eaton cabinet members, with only Eaton aligned Secretary of State, Martin Van Buren and Postmaster General, William T. Barry staying on. In this print, Jackson is depicted slumped in a chair with his glasses on his head. Behind him are scrolls labeled “Resignation,” as well as two falling pillars reading “Public confidence in the stability of this administration,” and “Altar of Reform.” In front of Jackson are four rats with the faces of resigning cabinet members including, Secretary of War John H. Eaton, Secretary of the Navy John Branch, Secretary of State Martin Van Buren, and Secretary of the Treasury Samuel D. Ingham. Jackson has his foot on Van Buren’s tail, a reference to his attempted resignation that Jackon did not allow. Van Buren went on to become Jackson’s Vice President, replacing John C. Calhoun who joined his wife in disapproval of the Eatons.
- The lithographer of this print is Edward Williams Clay (1799-1857). Clay was a caricaturist, engraver, lithographer, and etcher, as well as a portrait painter. Before his career as an artist, Clay was admitted to the Philadelphia Bar, but quickly left to pursue art in New York City. After losing his eyesight he retired from art and held minor office in Delaware before his death in December of 1857.
- Location
- Currently not on view
- Date made
- 1831
- depicted
- Jackson, Andrew
- Van Buren, Martin
- Ingham, Samuel D.
- Branch, John
- Eaton, John Henry
- maker
- Clay, Edward Williams
- ID Number
- DL.60.3447
- catalog number
- 60.3447
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History
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Chromolithograph of "Colorado Desert and Signal Mountain"
- Description
- This chromolithograph of “Colorado Desert and Signal Mountain” was originally drawn by Charles Koppel and printed as Plate XI in the first report of volume V of Reports of Explorations and Surveys, to ascertain the most practicable and economical route for a railroad from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean, “Explorations In California for Railroad Routes, to Connect with the Routes near the 35th and 32nd Parallels of North Latitude.” The volume was printed in 1856 by Beverley Tucker in Washington, D.C.
- Location
- Currently not on view
- date made
- 1856
- original artist
- Koppel, Charles
- publisher
- U.S. War Department
- author
- Williamson, Robert Stockton
- printer
- Tucker, Beverley
- graphic artist
- unknown
- publisher
- U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Topographic Command
- ID Number
- GA.10729.26
- accession number
- 62261
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History
-
Engraving of lizard species"Euphryne obesus"
- Description
- William Dougal (1822–1895) of Washington, D.C. engraved this print of “Euphryne obesus [Baird]”, now "Sauromalus ater" or Northern chuckwalla, from an original sketch by John H. Richard (c.1807–1881) of Philadelphia. The illustration was printed as Plate 27 in the “Reptiles” section of the second part of volume II of the Report on the United States and Mexican Boundary Survey, written by S.F. Baird (1823–1887). The volume was printed in 1859 by Cornelius Wendell of Washington, D.C.
- Location
- Currently not on view
- date of book publication
- 1859
- author
- Baird, Spencer Fullerton
- original artist
- Richard, John H.
- graphic artist
- Dougal, William H.
- printer
- Wendell, Cornelius
- author
- Emory, William H.
- publisher
- U.S. Department of the Interior
- U.S. Army
- ID Number
- 2009.0115.068
- catalog number
- 2009.0115.068
- accession number
- 2009.0115
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History
-
Monogrammed Fan Leaf with Designer’s Name
- Description
- This fan leaf is monogrammed A for Belgian King Albert I and E for Queen Elisabeth surmounted by the Belgian royal crowns and encircled by laurel as a symbol for victory. The dates 1914-1915 are on a shield held by the Belgian Lion in the center of the fan leaf below the Belgian and American flags. The names of the designer Juliette Wytsman, and the manufacturer and dealer Maison Daimeries-Petitjean are worked into the design. The fan leaf is an example of fine quality Point de Gaze needle lace made by Belgian lace makers during World War I. The fan leaf has never been mounted to fan sticks.
- Location
- Currently not on view
- made during
- 1915-1916
- inscribed in lace
- 1915
- 1914
- facilitator
- Hoover, Herbert
- described
- Albert I King of Belgium
- Elisabeth Queen of Belgium
- manufacturer
- Maison Daimeries-Petitjean
- designer
- Wytsman, Juliette Trullemans
- ID Number
- TE.E383969
- catalog number
- E383969
- accession number
- 172208
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History
-
Massachusetts Senate
- Description (Brief)
- Black and white print of forty-two bust portraits; each is in an oval frame containing the person's name. The portraits are arranged in two concentric ovals around a title and a small scene of Boston across the Charles River with the state capitol building in the background.
- Location
- Currently not on view
- date made
- 1856
- lithographer
- Homer, Winslow
- artist
- Bufford, John Henry
- publisher
- Usher, James M.
- ID Number
- DL.60.2583
- catalog number
- 60.2583
- accession number
- 228146
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History
-
Lithograph of "South End of S. Inez Mountains & S. Buenaventura Valley"
- Description
- This lithograph of “South End of S. Inez Mountains & S. Buenaventura Valley” was originally drawn by A.H. Campbell. It was printed in the first report of volume VII of Reports of Explorations and Surveys, to ascertain the most practicable and economical route for a railroad from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean, “Report of Explorations for Railroad Routes San Francisco Bay to Los Angeles, West of the Coast Range, and from the Pimas Villages on the Gila to the Rio Grande, near the 32nd Parallel of North Latitude, Lieutenant John G. Parke, Corps of Topographical Engineers, Assisted by Albert H. Campbell, Civil Engineer.” The volume was printed in 1857 by A.O.P. Nicholson in Washington, D.C.
- Location
- Currently not on view
- date made
- 1857
- graphic artist
- A. Hoen & Co.
- original artist
- Campbell, A. H.
- publisher
- U.S. War Department
- author
- Parke, J. G.
- publisher
- U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Topographic Command
- graphic artist
- A. Hoen & Co.
- ID Number
- GA.16332.048
- catalog number
- 16332.048
- accession number
- 1930.110179
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History
-
Engraving of lizard species "Cnemidophorus Presignis"
- Description
- William Dougal (1822–1895) of Washington, D.C. engraved this print of “Cnemidophorus presignis [sic]," now Ameiva ameiva (Giant ameiva or Amazon racerunner), from an original sketch by John H. Richard (c.1807–1881) of Philadelphia. This is an unfinished proof signed by Charles Girard (1822–1895), whose final proof was published in 1855 by A.O.P. Nicholson in Washington, D.C. as Plate XXXVIII in his “Reptiles, fishes, crustacea” section of volume II of The United States Naval Astronomical Survey to the Southern Hemisphere.
- Location
- Currently not on view
- date of book publication
- 1855
- original artist
- Richard, John H.
- graphic artist
- Dougal, William H.
- printer
- Nicholson, A. O. P.
- publisher
- United States Navy
- author
- Gilliss, James Melville
- ID Number
- 2008.0175.25
- accession number
- 2008.0175
- catalog number
- 2008.0175.25
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History
-
Bowl
- Description
- This transfer printed creamware bowl is decorated with an interior print of John Hancock and exterior prints of pastoral scenes. John Hancock is facing left in his portrait, on a ribbon below are the words “The Honourable John Hancock.”
- This bowl is part of the McCauley collection of American themed transfer print pottery. There is no mark on the bowl to tell us who made it, but it is characteristic of wares made in large volume for the American market in both Staffordshire and Liverpool between 1790 and 1820. Pitchers of this shape, with a cream colored glaze over a pale earthenware clay, known as Liverpool type, were the most common vessels to feature transfer prints with subjects commemorating events and significant figures in the early decades of United States’ history. Notwithstanding the tense relationship between Britain and America, Liverpool and Staffordshire printers and potters seized the commercial opportunity offered them in the production of transfer printed earthenwares celebrating the heroes, the military victories, and the virtues of the young republic, and frequently all of these things at once.
- Location
- Currently not on view
- ID Number
- CE.63.129
- catalog number
- 63.129
- accession number
- 248619
- collector/donor number
- 47-371
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History
-
Mailbox
- Description
- Thousands of homes were obliterated by the effects of Hurricane Katrina in August 2005. One of those homes stood at 2005 Lizardi Street in the Lower Ninth Ward of New Orleans. This mailbox is all that remained, except for the front steps and a field of debris.
- The hand-painted green flowers and butterflies on this mailbox, and the carefully lettered name and address of the Alexander family, evoke the domestic serenity that was shattered by Katrina's waters. Inside the mailbox a thick layer of dried mud recalled the wall of water that washed over this neighborhood August 29, 2005, when everything in its path was either submerged or destroyed.
- The Lower Ninth Ward was a victim of the over-burdened Industrial Canal, whose concrete flood walls collapsed beneath the weight and force of the water. Further afield, a manmade navigation canal, the Mississippi River Gulf Outlet ("Mr. Go"), offered a short cut not only to ships leaving the Gulf headed for New Orleans but for storm water moving inland from the Gulf. It was this water that in large part flooded the Industrial Canal and devastated the Lower Ninth Ward.
- Location
- Currently not on view
- Date made
- n.d.
- Associated Date
- 2005-08-2005-09
- ID Number
- 2006.3059.01
- nonaccession number
- 2006.3059
- catalog number
- 2006.3059.01
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History
-
Women Artists Speak to Government
- Description
- A 1979 poster, "Women Artists Speak to Government"
- Location
- Currently not on view
- date made
- 1979
- associated date
- January 24, 1979
- ID Number
- 1982.3014.02
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History
-
The Dream
- Description
- A poster supporting Barack Obama in 2008. The image was created by artist Ray Noland.
- Location
- Currently not on view
- date made
- 2008
- Associated Date
- 2008
- artist; maker
- Noland, Ray
- depicted (sitter)
- Obama, Barack H.
- maker; artist
- Noland, Ray
- ID Number
- 2008.0046.05
- accession number
- 2008.0046
- catalog number
- 2008.0046.05
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History
-
Chromolithograph of "Metamorphic Rocks-Borders of the Desert"
- Description
- This chromolithograph of “Metamorphic Rocks — Borders of the Desert” was originally drawn by William P. Blake (1826–1910), the mineralogist and geologist of the expedition. It was printed as "Geology Plate XIII" in the geological report of volume V of Reports of Explorations and Surveys, to ascertain the most practicable and economical route for a railroad from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean, “Routes in California, to Connect with the Routes near the Thirty–Fifth and Thirty–Second Parallels, Explored by Lieutenant R. S. Williamson, Corps of Topographical Engineers, in 1853” by William P. Blake. The volume was printed in 1857 by Beverley Tucker in Washington, D.C.
- Location
- Currently not on view
- date made
- 1856
- publisher
- U.S. War Department
- printer
- Tucker, Beverley
- graphic artist
- unknown
- original artist
- Koppel, Charles
- author
- Blake, William Phipps
- Williamson, Robert Stockton
- publisher
- U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Topographic Command
- original artist
- Koppel, Charles
- ID Number
- GA.10729.37
- accession number
- 62261
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History
-
Women Artists Speak to Government
- Description
- A 1979 poster, "Women Artists Speak to Government"
- Location
- Currently not on view
- date made
- 1979
- associated date
- January 28, 1979
- ID Number
- 1982.3014.01
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History
-
Bowl
- Description
- This creamware bowl is decorated with a number of transfer prints. The central inside this bowl is a polychromed print of an American sailing ship with the name “Zebedee Cook” below. Zebedee Cook was born in 1760 and lived as a prominent citizen in Newburyport, Massachusetts for much of his life. He was an underwriter for insuring merchandise and ships at sea. The interior edge of the bowl is ringed by six images of naval and military instruments. On the outside of the bowl are four prints. One print features a portrait of John Adams “President of the United States” flanked the allegorical figures of Plenty and Justice. Another print depicts George Washington stepping on a lion, symbolizing the defeat of Great Britain during the American Revolution. Surrounding this image are the words “By virtue and valour, we have freed our country, extended our commerce, and laid the foundations of a great empire.” In the background are a few Continental soldiers and a ship flying an American flag. The other two prints are concerned with mythological scenes featuring mermaids and the god Neptune. Robert H. McCauley purchased the bowl from Parke Burnet Galleries in New York, NY on March 31, 1944 for $90.00. This bowl was formerly part of the George Horace Lorimer collection. Lorimer was an editor of The Saturday Evening Post from 1899 to 1936.
- This bowl is part of the McCauley collection of American themed transfer print pottery. There is no mark on the bowl to tell us who made it, but it is characteristic of wares made in large volume for the American market in both Staffordshire and Liverpool between 1790 and 1820. Ceramics of this style, with a cream colored glaze over a pale earthenware clay, known as Liverpool type commonly featured transfer prints with subjects commemorating events and significant figures in the early decades of United States’ history. Notwithstanding the tense relationship between Britain and America, Liverpool and Staffordshire printers and potters seized the commercial opportunity offered them in the production of transfer printed earthenwares celebrating the heroes, the military victories, and the virtues of the young republic, and frequently all of these things at once.
- Location
- Currently not on view
- ID Number
- CE.63.166
- catalog number
- 63.166
- accession number
- 248619
- collector/donor number
- 44-347
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History
-
Engraving of snake species "Elaps nigrocinctus"
- Description
- William Dougal (1822–1895) of Washington, D.C. engraved this print of “Elaps nigrocinctus [Grd]”, now "Micrurus nigrocinctus nigrocinctus" or Central American coral snake, from an original sketch John H. Richard (c.1807–1881) of Philadelphia. The illustration was published in 1855 by A.O.P. Nicholson in Washington, D.C. as Plate XXXV in the “Reptiles, fishes, crustacea” section of volume II of The United States Naval Astronomical Survey to the Southern Hemisphere, written by Charles Girard (1822–1895).
- Location
- Currently not on view
- date of book publication
- 1855
- original artist
- Richard, John H.
- graphic artist
- Dougal, William H.
- book printer, publisher
- Nicholson, A. O. P.
- publisher
- United States Navy
- author
- Girard, Charles
- Gilliss, James Melville
- ID Number
- 2008.0175.08
- accession number
- 2008.0175
- catalog number
- 2008.0175.08
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History
-
Lithograph of bird species "Buteo calurus"
- Description
- This lithograph of “Buteo calurus [Cassin]," now "Buteo jamaicensis calurus" or Red–tailed hawk, was drawn by an unknown artist and printed as Plate XIV in the zoological report of volume X of Reports of Explorations and Surveys, to ascertain the most practicable and economical route for a railroad from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean, “Report of Lieut. E. G. Beckwith, Third Artillery, upon Explorations for a Railroad Route, near the 38th and 39th Parallels of North Latitude, by Captain J. W. Gunnison, Corps of Topographical Engineers, and near the Forty–First Parallel of North Latitude, by Lieut. E. G. Beckwith, Third Artillery.” Though the zoological report was prepared by 1854, the volume was not printed until 1859 by A.O.P. Nicholson in Washington D.C.
- Location
- Currently not on view
- date on report
- 1854
- date printed in book
- 1859
- original artist
- Cassin, John
- publisher
- U.S. War Department
- author
- Beckwith, Edward Griffin
- publisher
- U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Topographic Command
- printer
- Nicholson, A. O. P.
- ID Number
- GA.16332.017
- accession number
- 1930.110179
- catalog number
- 16332.017
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History
-
Bowl
- Description
- This transfer printed creamware bowl was made by Samuel Moore and Company of Durham, England during the early 19th century. The interior of the bowl features a print of a ship under sail flying an American flag. The exterior of the bowl features four prints on each side of bowl. A small oval portrait of George Washington is opposite a small oval portrait of Martha Washington, while a spread-winged U.S. eagle is on the other two opposing sides.
- This bowl is part of the McCauley collection of American themed transfer print pottery. There is no mark on the bowl to tell us who made it, but it is characteristic of wares made in large volume for the American market in both Staffordshire and Liverpool between 1790 and 1820. Porcelain with a cream colored glaze over a pale earthenware clay, known as Liverpool type, were the most common vessels to feature transfer prints with subjects commemorating events and significant figures in the early decades of United States’ history. Notwithstanding the tense relationship between Britain and America, Liverpool and Staffordshire printers and potters seized the commercial opportunity offered them in the production of transfer printed earthenwares celebrating the heroes, the military victories, and the virtues of the young republic, and frequently all of these things at once.
- Location
- Currently not on view
- maker
- Samuel Moore and Company
- ID Number
- CE.63.148
- catalog number
- 63.148
- accession number
- 248619
- collector/donor number
- 41-328
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History
-
Lewis Latimer Patent Drawing
- Description
- Electricity pioneer Lewis Latimer drew this component of an arc lamp, an early type of electric light, for the U.S. Electric Lighting Company in 1880.
- The son of escaped slaves and a Civil War veteran at age sixteen, Latimer trained himself as a draftsman. His technical and artistic skills earned him jobs with Alexander Graham Bell and Thomas Edison, among others. An inventor in his own right, Latimer received numerous patents and was a renowned industry expert on incandescent lighting.
- Location
- Currently not on view
- Date made
- 1880-07-25
- maker
- Latimer, Lewis H.
- ID Number
- 1983.0458.21
- accession number
- 1983.0458
- catalog number
- 1983.0458.21
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History
-
"Guerrilleros Mexicanos"
- Description
- This lithograph illustrates the chaos and conflict engulfing northern Mexico during the years of the Mexican-American War from 1846-1848. In these years the United States organized an Army of Occupation, initially led by General Zachary Taylor, to capture cities like Monterrey in preparation for a later assault on the Mexican heartland. The figure on horseback is a Mexican guerilla fighter. These skilled horsemen, often doubling as both patriots and bandits, had an established role in Mexican military tradition, and were actively recruited to combat the U.S. invaders. To understand his limited appeal to the Mexican public, note that the dead figures over whom the guerrillero is triumphantly galloping appear to be Mexican citizens, not invading American soldiers.
- The lithographer is unknown.
- Description (Spanish)
- Esta litografía ilustra el caos y el conflicto que abrumaron al norte de México durante los años de la guerra mexicoamericana entre 1846 y 1848. En este período Estados Unidos organizó un Ejército de Ocupación, inicialmente comandado por el General Zachary Taylor, a fin de capturar ciudades como Monterrey, en preparación para la posterior ofensa al corazón de México. La figura a caballo es la de un guerrillero mexicano. Estos hábiles jinetes, que a menudo actuaban tanto de patriotas como de bandidos, tenían una función establecida dentro de la tradición militar mexicana y se los reclutaba activamente para combatir a los invasores estadounidenses. A fin de comprender el poco atractivo que estas figuras despertaban entre el público mexicano, obsérvese que los muertos sobre los que galopa triunfante el guerrillero parecen ser ciudadanos mexicanos y no soldados americanos invasores.
- Location
- Currently not on view
- Date made
- ca 1848
- maker
- unknown
- ID Number
- DL.60.2559
- catalog number
- 60.2559
- accession number
- 228146
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History
-
Engraving of lizard species "Crotaphylus wislizenii"
- Description
- William Dougal (1822–1895) of Washington, D.C. engraved this print of “Crotaphylus wislizenii [sic] [B & G],” now "Gambelia wislizenii" or Longnose leopard lizard, from an original sketch by John H. Richard (c.1807–1881) of Philadelphia. The illustration was printed as Plate 31 in the “Reptiles” section of the second part of volume II of the Report on the United States and Mexican Boundary Survey, written by S.F. Baird (1823–1887). The volume was printed in 1859 by Cornelius Wendell of Washington, D.C.
- Location
- Currently not on view
- date of book publication
- 1859
- author
- Baird, Spencer Fullerton
- original artist
- Richard, John H.
- graphic artist
- Dougal, William H.
- printer
- Wendell, Cornelius
- author
- Emory, William H.
- publisher
- U.S. Department of the Interior
- ID Number
- 2009.0115.060
- catalog number
- 2009.0115.060
- accession number
- 2009.0115
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History
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