Energy & Power

The Museum's collections on energy and power illuminate the role of fire, steam, wind, water, electricity, and the atom in the nation's history. The artifacts include wood-burning stoves, water turbines, and windmills, as well as steam, gas, and diesel engines. Oil-exploration and coal-mining equipment form part of these collections, along with a computer that controlled a power plant and even bubble chambers—a tool of physicists to study protons, electrons, and other charged particles.
A special strength of the collections lies in objects related to the history of electrical power, including generators, batteries, cables, transformers, and early photovoltaic cells. A group of Thomas Edison's earliest light bulbs are a precious treasure. Hundreds of other objects represent the innumerable uses of electricity, from streetlights and railway signals to microwave ovens and satellite equipment.


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Electrically Welded Specimen, Bicycle Top Tubing
- Description
- This bicycle’s welded steel top tube was created using Elihu Thomson’s electric welding apparatus (see object number MC*181724). Welding samples demonstrated potential industrial applications of electric welding, and illustrations of these samples were published in journals, brochures, and advertisements. Elihu Thomson’s invention of electric welding in 1885 resulted in numerous applications including the manufacture of automobile parts, tools, screws, ball bearings, and wire lines. Thomson’s welding apparatus passed an electric current through two pieces of metal pressed together. Resistance to the current at the contact point between the metal pieces created heat and welded the metals together.
- Scientist and inventor Elihu Thomson (1853-1937) played a prominent role in the industrialization and electrification of America with over 700 patents in his name. His inventions and patents helped change the nature of industry in the United States and included the “uniflow” steam engine, automobile muffler, producing fused quartz, stereoscopic x-ray pictures, electric arc lamps, lightning arrestors, and perhaps most notably—the process of electrical welding. Thomson and partner Edwin Houston established the Thomson-Houston Electric Company in 1883. In 1892 Thomson-Houston merged with the Edison Electric Company to form General Electric.
- date made
- 1886
- maker
- Thomson, Elihu
- ID Number
- EM.181672
- catalog number
- 181672
- accession number
- 33015
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History
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Display of Edison experimental light bulb filament
- Date made
- 1881
- maker
- Hammer, William J.
- Edison, Thomas Alva
- ID Number
- EM.320526
- catalog number
- 320526
- accession number
- 241402
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History
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Electrically Welded Specimen, Bicycle Pedal
- Description
- This bicycle’s welded steel pedal was created using Elihu Thomson’s electric welding apparatus (see object number MC*181724). Welding samples demonstrated the potential industrial applications of electric welding, and illustrations of these samples were published in journals, brochures, and advertisements. Elihu Thomson’s invention of electric welding in 1885 resulted in numerous industrial applications including the manufacture of automobile parts, tools, screws, ball bearings, and wire lines. Thomson’s welding apparatus pressed two pieces of metal together while an electric current ran through the metal. Resistance to the current at the contact point between the metal pieces created heat and welded the metals together.
- Scientist and inventor Elihu Thomson (1853-1937) played a prominent role in the industrialization and electrification of America with over 700 patents in his name. His inventions and patents helped change the nature of industry in the United States and included the “uniflow” steam engine, automobile muffler, producing fused quartz, stereoscopic x-ray pictures, electric arc lamps, lightning arrestors, and perhaps most notably—the process of electrical welding. Thomson and partner Edwin Houston established a variety of companies to manage his industrial interests. In 1892, his Thomson-Houston Electric Company merged with the Edison Electric Company to form General Electric.
- Location
- Currently not on view
- date made
- 1886
- maker
- Thomson, Elihu
- ID Number
- EM.181681
- catalog number
- 181681
- accession number
- 33015
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History
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Incandescent Lamp Holder
- Description (Brief)
- Wooden pedestal mount with lamp socket for Maxim lamp. Three screws are mounted on the base, the center one is a switch.
- Location
- Currently not on view
- date made
- ca 1880
- maker
- Farmer, Moses G.
- Maxim, Hiram S.
- ID Number
- EM.181979
- catalog number
- 181979
- accession number
- 2015.0173
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History
-
Lewis Latimer Patent Drawing
- Description
- Electricity pioneer Lewis Latimer drew this component of an arc lamp, an early type of electric light, for the U.S. Electric Lighting Company in 1880.
- The son of escaped slaves and a Civil War veteran at age sixteen, Latimer trained himself as a draftsman. His technical and artistic skills earned him jobs with Alexander Graham Bell and Thomas Edison, among others. An inventor in his own right, Latimer received numerous patents and was a renowned industry expert on incandescent lighting.
- Location
- Currently not on view
- Date made
- 1880-07-25
- maker
- Latimer, Lewis H.
- ID Number
- 1983.0458.21
- accession number
- 1983.0458
- catalog number
- 1983.0458.21
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History
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Electrically Welded Specimen, Bicycle Head Lug
- Description
- This bicycle’s welded steel head post was created using Elihu Thomson’s electric welding apparatus (see object number MC*181724). Welding samples demonstrated the potential industrial applications of electric welding, and illustrations of these samples were published in journals, brochures, and advertisements. Elihu Thomson’s invention of electric welding in 1885 resulted in numerous industrial applications including the manufacture of automobile parts, tools, screws, ball bearings, and wire lines. Thomson’s welding apparatus pressed two pieces of metal together while an electric current ran through the metal. Resistance to the current at the contact point between the metal pieces created heat and welded the metals together.
- Scientist and inventor Elihu Thomson (1853-1937) played a prominent role in the industrialization and electrification of America with over 700 patents in his name. His inventions and patents helped change the nature of industry in the United States and included the “uniflow” steam engine, automobile muffler, producing fused quartz, stereoscopic x-ray pictures, electric arc lamps, lightning arrestors, and perhaps most notably—the process of electrical welding. Thomson and partner Edwin Houston established a variety of companies to manage his industrial interests. In 1892, his Thomson-Houston Electric Company merged with the Edison Electric Company to form General Electric.
- Location
- Currently not on view
- date made
- 1886
- maker
- Thomson, Elihu
- ID Number
- EM.181679
- catalog number
- 181679
- accession number
- 33015
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History
-
Electrically Welded Specimen, Bicycle Rear Forks
- Description
- This bicycle’s welded steel rear fork was created using Elihu Thomson’s electric welding apparatus (see object number MC*181724). Welding samples demonstrated the potential industrial applications of electric welding, and illustrations of these samples were published in journals, brochures, and advertisements. Elihu Thomson’s invention of electric welding in 1885 resulted in numerous industrial applications including the manufacture of automobile parts, tools, screws, ball bearings, and wire lines. Thomson’s welding apparatus pressed two pieces of metal together while an electric current ran through the metal. Resistance to the current at the contact point between the metal pieces created heat and welded the metals together.
- Scientist and inventor Elihu Thomson (1853-1937) played a prominent role in the industrialization and electrification of America with over 700 patents in his name. His inventions and patents helped change the nature of industry in the United States and included the “uniflow” steam engine, automobile muffler, producing fused quartz, stereoscopic x-ray pictures, electric arc lamps, lightning arrestors, and perhaps most notably—the process of electrical welding. Thomson and partner Edwin Houston established a variety of companies to manage his industrial interests. In 1892, his Thomson-Houston Electric Company merged with the Edison Electric Company to form General Electric.
- date made
- 1886
- maker
- Thomson, Elihu
- ID Number
- EM.181675
- catalog number
- 181675
- accession number
- 33015
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History
-
Experimental Incandescent Lamp
- Description (Brief)
- Experimental incandescent lamp, U.S. Patent # 247380. A ribbon radiator will glow but short-circuit before melting.
- Location
- Currently not on view
- date made
- 1881
- associated person
- Maxim, Hiram S.
- maker
- Maxim, Hiram S.
- ID Number
- EM.308595
- catalog number
- 308595
- accession number
- 89797
- patent number
- 247380
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History
-
Carbon Filament Lamp
- Description (Brief)
- Edison carbon lamp. A typical commercial incandescent lamp of the late 1880s.
- Location
- Currently not on view
- date made
- ca 1889
- maker
- Edison Lamp Company
- ID Number
- EM.181806
- catalog number
- 181806
- accession number
- 33407
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History
-
Carbon Filament Lamp
- Description (Brief)
- Incandescent lamp with United States base and a milk-glass envelope.
- Location
- Currently not on view
- date made
- ca 1884
- maker
- Weston
- Weston Electric Light Co.
- ID Number
- EM.334460
- catalog number
- 334460
- accession number
- 271855
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History
-
Carbon Filament Lamp
- Description (Brief)
- This lamp has an Edison base but the stem press is more like those made by Mather Electric Company.
- Location
- Currently not on view
- date made
- ca 1883
- maker
- Mather
- ID Number
- EM.318636
- catalog number
- 318636
- accession number
- 232729
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History
-
Edison chemical-type electric meter
- Date made
- ca1882
- ca 1882
- associated person
- Edison, Thomas Alva
- maker
- Edison Electric Co.
- ID Number
- EM.262476
- catalog number
- 262476
- accession number
- 52260
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History
-
Electrically Welded Specimen, Bicycle Tapered Head Tube
- Description
- This bicycle’s welded steel tapered head tube was created using Elihu Thomson’s electric welding apparatus (see object number MC*181724). Welding samples demonstrated the potential industrial applications of electric welding, and illustrations of these samples were published in journals, brochures, and advertisements. Elihu Thomson’s invention of electric welding in 1885 resulted in numerous industrial applications including the manufacture of automobile parts, tools, screws, ball bearings, and wire lines. Thomson’s welding apparatus pressed two pieces of metal together while an electric current ran through the metal. Resistance to the current at the contact point between the metal pieces created heat and welded the metals together.
- Scientist and inventor Elihu Thomson (1853-1937) played a prominent role in the industrialization and electrification of America with over 700 patents in his name. His inventions and patents helped change the nature of industry in the United States and included the “uniflow” steam engine, automobile muffler, producing fused quartz, stereoscopic x-ray pictures, electric arc lamps, lightning arrestors, and perhaps most notably—the process of electrical welding. Thomson and partner Edwin Houston established the Thomson-Houston Electric Company in 1883. In 1892 Thomson-Houston merged with the Edison Electric Company to form General Electric.
- Location
- Currently not on view
- date made
- 1886
- maker
- Thomson, Elihu
- ID Number
- EM.181673
- catalog number
- 181673
- accession number
- 33015
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History
-
Edison underground electrical junction box
- Date made
- 1885
- ID Number
- EM.314917
- catalog number
- 314917
- accession number
- 212336
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History
-
Weston Potential Indicator
- Description
- In the 1880s—the early days of commercial electric power—convenient, rugged, and reliable instruments for measuring that power did not exist. Engineers had to struggle with complex, delicate, laboratory-type instruments that required leveling, calibration, and manipulation to yield a reading, which then required calculation to yield a meaningful number. Edward Weston, an immigrant English entrepreneur and electrical inventor and engineer, developed this instrument for measuring direct current potential, patented in 1886, to answer the demand for a better way. Although its leveling screws, delicate suspension, and glass shade (now missing) betray its laboratory antecedents, the hefty magnet, the moving coil design, and the "direct reading" pointer and scale show the direction in which Weston was heading. His subsequent instruments soon secured a worldwide reputation for reliability, precision, and ease of use.
- Location
- Currently not on view
- Date made
- about 1888
- maker
- Weston, Edward
- ID Number
- EM.318562
- accession number
- 232729
- catalog number
- 318562
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History
-
Carbon Filament Lamp
- Description (Brief)
- Edison lamp with carbon filament and frosted envelope. Unit was long-ago welded to a corner-iron for display.
- Location
- Currently not on view
- date made
- ca 1883
- Maker
- Edison
- maker
- Edison Electric Light Company
- ID Number
- 1997.0388.61
- catalog number
- 1997.0388.61
- accession number
- 1997.0388
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History
-
Electric Motor for Alternating Current
- Description (Brief)
- An electric motor was one of the critical components needed to make an electrical power system based on alternating current. Electrical inventor Nikola Tesla developed a revolutionary motor based on electromagnetic induction that featured rotating magnetic fields to drive the central armature. Engineers working for George Westinghouse refined Tesla’s concept and introduced this model A two-phase motor in 1888. The armature core is of the Siemens drum-type, a design intended to minimize the number of wire windings.
- Westinghouse 2-phase induction motor marked "M-68". Metal plate reads: " The Westinghouse Electric Co. Pittsburgh, 271". Case has radial fins for heat dissipation. Connection is made through two binding posts on the base. An electrodynamic rotation motor designed by Nikola Tesla, without commutator or contact brushes. A series of field magnets are built of laminated sheet iron and wound with two sets of coils. Two alternating currents are sent through the field at the same time, one a 1/4 phase behind the other. References: Electrical World, vol. 12, 27 October 1888, pages 221-223. Westinghouse Engineer, January 1950, page 72.
- date made
- 1888
- maker
- Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Co.
- ID Number
- EM.315975
- accession number
- 223204
- catalog number
- 315975
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History
-
Carbon Filament Lamp
- Description (Brief)
- Edison carbon lamp. A typical commercial incandescent lamp of the late 1880s.
- Location
- Currently not on view
- date made
- ca 1889
- maker
- Edison Lamp Company
- ID Number
- EM.181805
- catalog number
- 181805
- accession number
- 33407
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History
-
Incandescent Lamp Patent Model
- Description (Brief)
- Incandescent lamp, U.S. Patent #344343. The lamp has two glass envelopes to prevent breakage due to cold air.
- Location
- Currently not on view
- date made
- 1886
- maker
- Buell, Charles E.
- ID Number
- EM.308601
- catalog number
- 308601
- accession number
- 89797
- patent number
- 344343
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History
-
Carbon Resistance Lamp
- Description (Brief)
- This lamp was not intended for illumination but rather for providing resistance in an electrical circuit.
- Location
- Currently not on view
- date made
- ca 1888
- Maker
- Western Union Corporation
- ID Number
- EM.333033
- accession number
- 294351
- catalog number
- 333033
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History
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