; ; ; 02/11/13 1:39 PM ; ;;;;WEBINAR _t 11:57:09:15 WE CAN GET YOUR QUESTIONS _t 11:57:09:23 INVOLVED AS WELL. _t 11:57:10:02 TO FOLKS WATCHING AROUND THE _t 11:57:10:09 UNITED STATES, LET'S SAY HI TO _t 11:57:10:19 THE FOLKS AT OUR SMITHSONIAN _t 11:57:10:29 AFFILIATION PARTNER AT THE _t 11:57:11:07 UNDERGROUND RAILROAD FREEDOM _t 11:57:11:17 CENTER IN CINCINNATI, OHIO, _t 11:57:11:27 THEY'RE WATCHING AND THE HEINTZ HISTORY _t 11:57:12:07 CENTER IN PENNSYLVANIA, IN _t 11:57:14:21 PITTSBURGH, ANOTHER SMITHSONIAN AFFILIATE. _t 11:57:15:14 ALSO AT PRESIDENT LINCOLN'S COTTAGE, THE SITE WHERE HE _t 11:57:17:12 DEVELOPED THE EMANCIPATION _t 11:57:19:05 PROCLAMATION AND THE UNITED _t 11:57:21:06 STATES EMBASSY YOUTH _t 11:57:23:10 COURTS PROGRAM FROM MALTA, ZAMBIA AND _t 11:57:29:21 LAOS, LET'S WELCOME THEM. _t 11:57:31:14 [APPLAUSE] _t 11:57:31:24 NOW LET'S GET TO THE PANEL, THIS _t 11:57:34:26 GREAT PANEL. _t 11:57:36:04 FIRST OF ALL, TO MY LEFT, IS KEN MORRIS. _t 11:57:37:07 KEN IS THE FOUNDER AND PRESIDENT _t 11:57:38:26 OF THE FREDERICK DOUGLASS FAMILY _t 11:57:40:22 FOUNDATION, A NONPROFIT _t 11:57:42:07 ORGANIZATION DEDICATED TO ENDING _t 11:57:45:04 MODERN-DAY SLAVERY AND HE IS _t 11:57:46:25 ALSO THE GREAT, GREAT, GRANDSON _t 11:57:50:24 OF FREDERICK DOUGLAS AND THE _t 11:57:52:23 GREAT GREAT GRANDSON OF BOOKER _t 11:57:55:14 WASHINGTON. _t 11:57:55:19 TO HIS LEFT, IS LOIS BROWN, THE CLASS OF 1958 DISTINGUISHED _t 11:57:59:16 PROFESSOR AT WESLEYAN UNIVERSITY _t 11:58:02:05 AND AN ADVISOR ON THE AMERICAN EXPERIENCE _t 11:58:04:21 DOCUMENTARY, THE ABOLITIONISTS. _t 11:58:06:20 TO HER LEFT, IS 17 YEAR OLD IS ANNA ALARCON, A SENIOR _t 11:58:11:18 AT THE METROPOLITAN LEARNING CENTER IN HARDFORD, CONNECTICUT AND PRESIDENT OF THE STUDENTS AGAINST STOPPING SLAVERY. AND _t 11:58:16:28 AMBASSADOR LUIS CDEBACA IS HEAD OF THE _t 11:58:19:06 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF STATE, OFFICE OF _t 11:58:20:14 MONITORING AND COMBATING _t 11:58:21:23 TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS. _t 11:58:23:06 AMBASSADOR, LET'S GET OUR _t 11:58:24:14 DEFINITIONS STRAIGHT. _t 11:58:25:05 WHAT IS THE MODERN-DAY _t 11:58:28:18 DEFINITION OF SLAVERY? _t 11:58:29:12 >> WELL, WE USE THESE EUPHEMISMS _t 11:58:33:02 IN DIPLOMACY TO WE CAN TALK ABOUT IT _t 11:58:35:27 AND THIS NOTION OF HUMAN _t 11:58:37:28 TRAFFICKING IS BROADLY DEFINED _t 11:58:39:10 BY THE UNITED STATES AS ALL OF _t 11:58:41:03 THE ACTIVITIES IN RECRUITING _t 11:58:43:12 SOMEBODY INTO MOVING THEM INTO _t 11:58:44:17 OR HOLDING THEM IN A CONDITION _t 11:58:49:07 OF COMPELLED SERVICE. _t 11:58:51:03 WHAT WE'RE TALKING ABOUT IS FOLKS WHO CAN'T LEAVE _t 11:58:52:19 SERVICE, WHETHER IT'S BECAUSE OF A DEBT OR _t 11:58:54:22 BECAUSE OF THREATS OF VIOLENCE. _t 11:58:56:16 SLAVERY IS NOT LEGAL ANYWHERE IN _t 11:58:57:22 THE WORLD ANYMORE BUT THE LAST _t 11:58:59:14 COUNTRY TO ABOLISH IT WAS ONLY _t 11:59:02:24 7 YEARS AGO IN MORATANIA. _t 11:59:03:06 SO THIS IS A NEW THING IN A LOT _t 11:59:04:28 OF PARTS OF THE WORLD BUT WE'RE _t 11:59:06:26 COMING OUT AND SAYING, WE CAN'T _t 11:59:09:15 HOLD SOMEBODY ELSE AS A SLAVE. _t 11:59:12:11 SADLY THERE ARE ABOUT 27 MILLION _t 11:59:14:02 PEOPLE STILL AROUND THE WORLD _t 11:59:15:11 WHO ARE SUFFERING WITH THIS AND _t 11:59:17:17 THERE HAVE BEEN CASES, AND WE'RE _t 11:59:20:03 ABOUT THREE BLOCKS FROM THE WHITE _t 11:59:21:09 HOUSE TODAY, THERE HAVE BEEN _t 11:59:22:25 CASES WITHIN FIVE MILES OF WHERE _t 11:59:25:05 WE'RE SITTING OF BOTH FOREIGN _t 11:59:27:14 KIDS HERE IN THE UNITED STATES _t 11:59:28:15 AND AMERICANS WHO HAVE BEEN HELD _t 11:59:30:21 IN SLAVERY. _t 11:59:31:14 >> HOW IS IT? _t 11:59:33:04 WHAT ARE THE CRACKS IN THE _t 11:59:36:06 MODERN-DAY CRIMINAL SYSTEM OR _t 11:59:37:17 THE JUSTICE SYSTEM THAT ALLOW THIS _t 11:59:39:13 TO EXIST? _t 11:59:40:11 >> I THINK SOMETIMES IT COMES _t 11:59:41:24 DOWN TO, THERE'S A ZONE OF _t 11:59:45:06 IMPUNITY WHERE IMMIGRANT _t 11:59:47:09 COMMUNITIES, IN MARGINALIZED, _t 11:59:49:06 MINORITY COMMUNITIES AND OTHERS, _t 11:59:50:24 THAT THE POLICE DON'T _t 11:59:52:09 REALLY PROTECT FOLKS IN THOSE _t 11:59:54:08 COMMUNITIES. _t 11:59:54:15 WE SEE THAT ALL OVER THE WORLD _t 11:59:56:07 AND HERE IN THE UNITED STATES SO _t 11:59:57:10 PART OF IT IS MAKING SURE THAT THE POLICE REALIZE THAT _t 12:00:01:22 A CRIME HAPPENS TO SOMEONE, NO _t 12:00:04:11 MATTER WHO THEY ARE OR WHERE THEY'RE FROM AND _t 12:00:06:07 THAT'S THE IMPORTANT THING, AND NEEDS TO BE STOPPED _t 12:00:07:25 FOR THE LAST 150 YEARS, TOO OFTEN _t 12:00:12:10 WE'D HAVE WHAT USED TO BE CALLED PEONAGE, DEBT BONDAGE, SHARECROPPING OR _t 12:00:13:28 WHATEVER WE CALL IT, THE LOCAL _t 12:00:16:20 SHERIFFS WOULD LET THAT HAPPEN _t 12:00:18:02 BECAUSE IT WAS HAPPENING TO _t 12:00:19:04 BLACK FOLKS AND THEY DIDN'T _t 12:00:22:02 CARE IF THE CRIME WAS HAPPENING AGAINST THEM. _t 12:00:22:07 AND A LOT OF WAYS THOSE JOBS IN _t 12:00:24:24 THE FIELDS OF AMERICA HAVE BEEN _t 12:00:28:02 REPLACED WITH LATINO IMMIGRANTS. THE SAME FIELDS, MAYBE EVEN THE SAME _t 12:00:33:28 FARMERS, PICKING THE SAME CROPS BUT NOW _t 12:00:38:28 IT'S HISPANICS. WELL THE SAME THING, THE LOCAL POLICE MAYBE NEVER GO OUT PROTECT THOSE PEOPLE. _t 12:00:40:02 SO PART OF IT IS JUST STANDING UP AND SAYING THE GOVERNMENT NEEDS TO PROTECT EVERYBODY. _t 12:00:44:12 >> THIS IS A LITTLE BIT OF A CONTROVERSIAL QUESTION _t 12:00:45:17 BUT DO SOME OF THESE PEOPLE THAT _t 12:00:46:23 YOU'RE TALKING ABOUT, DO THEY SEE _t 12:00:49:02 THEMSELVES AS SLAVES? _t 12:00:50:12 DO THEY SEE THEMSELVES THAT WAY? _t 12:00:52:11 >> I THINK A LOT OF THEM SEE _t 12:00:54:04 THEMSELVES AS WORKING HARD TO _t 12:00:55:05 MAKE A BETTER LIFE FOR THEIR _t 12:00:56:27 FAMILY. _t 12:00:57:02 THEY KNOW IT'S WRONG THAT _t 12:00:58:24 THE BOSS IS THREATENING THEM AND _t 12:01:00:20 IT'S WRONG THAT THE BOSS IS GOING TO TRY TO HUNT SOMEBODY _t 12:01:02:19 DOWN IF THEY TRY TO LEAVE _t 12:01:03:26 WITHOUT PAYING OFF THEIR DEBT, _t 12:01:05:17 THEY KNOW IT'S WRONG THEY MAY BE _t 12:01:07:16 GETTING SEXUALLY ABUSED. BUT IF _t 12:01:09:20 YOU ASK THEM STRAIGHT OUT, "ARE _t 12:01:11:23 YOU A SLAVE?" THEY PROBABLY WON'T _t 12:01:13:29 SAY YES. _t 12:01:14:27 THEY WILL SAY I'M BEING _t 12:01:17:23 TERRIBLY MISTREATED AND I CAN'T _t 12:01:18:29 LEAVE. _t 12:01:19:06 PART OF IT IS THAT NOTION OF HOW _t 12:01:20:28 DO WE DEFINE SLAVERY IN THE _t 12:01:23:16 WORLD WHERE IT'S BEEN ILLEGAL _t 12:01:26:24 FOR SO LONG. _t 12:01:27:24 >> PROFESSOR, LET'S BRING YOU IN _t 12:01:29:28 TERMS OF THE HISTORICAL _t 12:01:31:06 DEFINITION OF SLAVERY. _t 12:01:31:28 WHEN YOU TALK TO YOUR STUDENTS, _t 12:01:35:18 HOW DO YOU TALK TO THEM ABOUT IT? _t 12:01:37:06 >> ONE OF THE THINGS THAT IS SO IMPORTANT TO REALIZE ABOUT IS THAT IT'S ALL ABOUT _t 12:01:39:15 POSSESSION. _t 12:01:39:20 IT'S ALL ABOUT WORTH. _t 12:01:41:06 AND IF YOU'RE TALKING ABOUT _t 12:01:43:09 SLAVERY YOU'RE TALKING ABOUT _t 12:01:44:25 ECONOMICS, YOU'RE TALKING ABOUT MONEY. _t 12:01:46:19 ONE OF THE GREAT POINTS THAT _t 12:01:48:09 SHOULD STOP US IN OUR TRACKS IS _t 12:01:49:25 THAT DURING THE 19th CENTURY, _t 12:01:51:18 THE ONLY THING IN AMERICA WORTH _t 12:01:53:02 MORE THAN THE LAND ITSELF IN _t 12:01:55:26 THIS NATION WERE PEOPLE WHO WERE _t 12:01:58:25 ENSLAVED AND THAT THEY _t 12:02:00:10 REPRESENTED THIS INCREDIBLE _t 12:02:02:15 CAPITAL AND WERE ESSENTIAL TO _t 12:02:03:17 THE FOUNDATIONS OF THE AMERICAN _t 12:02:05:23 ECONOMY, THEY WERE ESSENTIAL TO _t 12:02:07:11 THE EXPORT OF GOODS ABROAD. _t 12:02:11:08 INDUSTRY DEPENDED UPON THEM AND _t 12:02:12:20 THAT'S WHERE WE BEGIN TO DEFINE SLAVERY. _t 12:02:16:24 SO CHATTEL SLAVERY AS IT WAS _t 12:02:19:24 CALLED IN THE 19th CENTURY, _t 12:02:21:22 THE WORD CHATTEL IS DEFINED AS _t 12:02:24:02 POSSESSION. _t 12:02:24:06 SO IN THAT SENSE, SOMEBODY WHO _t 12:02:26:12 CAN'T GET AWAY MAY NOT IMAGINE _t 12:02:28:12 THEMSELVES AS BEING POSSESSED BY _t 12:02:30:26 ANOTHER, BUT THAT'S A HALLMARK _t 12:02:32:14 OF THE 19th CENTURY AND 18th _t 12:02:35:11 CENTURY DEFINITION OF SLAVERY. _t 12:02:36:27 AND THEN SLAVERY ITSELF, WHAT DOES IT _t 12:02:40:22 MEAN TO ENSLAVE SOMEONE? _t 12:02:40:26 IT MEANS TO REDUCE THEM TO A _t 12:02:44:13 PARTICULARLY CONFINING AND VERY _t 12:02:47:25 ONE-DIMENSIONAL STATE OF BEING. _t 12:02:51:02 IT'S AN EXISTENCE WHERE THEY _t 12:02:52:20 HAVE NO HUMANITY, THEY HAVE NO _t 12:02:55:22 SPIRIT WORTH RECOGNIZING IT'S _t 12:02:57:08 A CURIOUS BALANCE BECAUSE AT _t 12:02:59:04 THE SAME TIME THEY HAVE VALUE _t 12:03:00:27 AND THEY REPRESENT CAPITAL AND _t 12:03:03:13 THEY CAN BE PURCHASED AND SOLD, _t 12:03:04:29 SOLD TO RECOVER DEBTS, AND AT _t 12:03:07:02 THE SAME TIME THERE'S AN _t 12:03:08:08 ARGUMENT THAT THEY ARE WORTH _t 12:03:09:21 NOTHING, RIGHT, THAT THEY CAN _t 12:03:11:12 JUST BE SET ASIDE. _t 12:03:12:20 SO WE HAVE A REAL TENSION WHEN _t 12:03:16:02 WE COME TO DEFINE SLAVERY _t 12:03:19:02 BECAUSE IT DEPENDS ON HUMAN _t 12:03:21:28 BODIES AND IT DEPENDS ON AN IDEA THAT THEY ARE NOT HUMAN. _t 12:03:22:06 SO THATS PART OF THE TENSION. _t 12:03:23:14 >> THAT'S INTERESTING WHEN YOU _t 12:03:25:07 TALK ABOUT DESCRIBING SOMETHING _t 12:03:26:18 AND SOMEONE AS BEING AND HAVING _t 12:03:30:17 NOTHINGNESS. _t 12:03:30:22 CAN YOU TALK ABOUT WHY THAT IS _t 12:03:32:02 SO IMPORTANT AND WHY THAT WAS SO _t 12:03:33:21 IMPORTANT TO KEEP THE SLAVE _t 12:03:44:17 TRADE ALIVE? THE SENSE THAT THESE PEOPLE AREN'T PEOPLE, THEY DON'T HAVE SOULS, THEY'RE NOTHING. _t 12:03:45:13 >> WHEN WE IMAGINE THE 19th _t 12:03:47:18 CENTURY AND AS WE BEGIN TO GET _t 12:03:49:10 INTO THE STORIES OF THOSE WHO EMERGED FROM THE MIDDLE PASSAGE, WHICH _t 12:03:54:02 WAS LITERALLY THE MIDDLE PIECE _t 12:03:56:02 OF THE VOYAGE FROM AFRICAN _t 12:03:57:24 HOMELANDS TO THE NEW WORLD IN _t 12:04:00:27 AMERICA, SO MUCH OF WHAT COMES _t 12:04:02:16 ACROSS ARE THE ABSOLUTELY -- _t 12:04:05:12 JUST THE TERRIFYING, HORRIFYING _t 12:04:07:21 NATURE OF THE TRADE, THE REALLY _t 12:04:11:02 AWFUL WRENCHING MOMENTS OF THE _t 12:04:13:25 SLAVE AUCTION. _t 12:04:16:11 AND IT'S IMPOSSIBLE TO IMAGINE _t 12:04:18:14 THAT YOU COULD DO THAT KIND OF _t 12:04:21:06 WORK, ROUNDING PEOPLE UP, _t 12:04:24:15 MANAGING, ORGANIZING SALES, _t 12:04:26:23 NEGOTIATING, AND YOU'RE NOT _t 12:04:28:02 DOING THAT IN SILENCE. _t 12:04:29:18 YOU ARE DOING THAT AS PEOPLE ARE _t 12:04:31:26 CRYING OUT FOR LOVED ONES, YOU _t 12:04:34:02 ARE DOING THAT AS INDIVIDUALS _t 12:04:35:13 ARE TRYING TO PRESERVE TIES THAT _t 12:04:39:03 ARE TENUOUS. _t 12:04:39:21 IN ORDER TO DO THAT WORK, YOU HAVE TO _t 12:04:41:08 TO CEASE TO SEE THEM AS PEOPLE. _t 12:04:42:24 YOU HAVE TO REDEFINE ALL _t 12:04:45:11 TOGETHER. _t 12:04:45:16 BECAUSE YOU HAVE TO LITERALLY _t 12:04:46:24 SHUT YOUR HEART DOWN BECAUSE YOU _t 12:04:48:25 BEGIN TO INTELLECTUALIZE IT, I'M _t 12:04:51:12 JUST DOING A JOB, I'M NOT GOING _t 12:04:54:03 TO LISTEN, I'M NOT GOING TO HEAR _t 12:04:57:12 OR UNDERSTAND THAT YOU LOST YOUR _t 12:04:59:02 CHILD: NO, THAT DOESN'T FACTOR IN TO ME. I HAVE NUMBERS AND I'VE GOT PARTICULAR KINDS OF _t 12:05:01:19 QUOTAS TO MEET. _t 12:05:02:10 SO THE WAY -- I THINK IT COMES _t 12:05:05:29 DOWN TO, IS A STRATEGY TO _t 12:05:09:02 PERPETUATE SLAVERY AND WHAT WE _t 12:05:10:06 FIND IN THE STUDIES OF THE _t 12:05:12:25 19th CENTURY IN PARTICULAR IS _t 12:05:14:21 THAT THE MOMENT YOU INTRODUCE _t 12:05:21:07 PEOPLE, TO SCENES, TO PEOPLE, TO THE REALITY, THAT ONCE PEOPLE SAW IT, _t 12:05:24:27 THEY COULD NO LONGER WALK AWAY. _t 12:05:28:15 IT WASN'T ABOUT LAW, IT WAS ABOUT THE LAWS OF THE HEART _t 12:05:29:27 NOT THE LAWS OF THE HEAD OR OF THE MARKETPLACE. _t 12:05:30:26 >> THERE ARE MICROPHONES ALL _t 12:05:32:10 THROUGHOUT THE AUDITORIUM, SO _t 12:05:34:06 EVEN IF YOU'RE WHISPERING IT'S _t 12:05:37:03 GETTING PICKED UP ON THE WEBCAST _t 12:05:38:16 SO WE WILL ASK YOU TO QUIET _t 12:05:42:06 DOWN. _t 12:05:42:12 >> ONE OF THE THINGS THAT IS _t 12:05:44:14 INTERESTING, AMBASSADOR, IS HOW THE PROFESSOR WAS SPEAKING ABOUT HOW ALL OF THIS IS ALL OUT IN _t 12:05:45:15 THE OPEN AND WHAT YOU HAVE BEEN _t 12:05:47:03 DESCRIBING IS SOMETHING THAT IS _t 12:05:48:23 BEHIND CLOSED DOORS. _t 12:05:49:17 IS THAT THE BIGGEST DIFFERENCE? _t 12:05:50:27 >> I THINK SO. _t 12:05:51:22 ONE OF THE THINGS THAT THE _t 12:05:53:11 FRAMERS OF THE 13th AMENDMENT _t 12:05:54:29 RECOGNIZED IS THAT IF YOU MAKE _t 12:05:56:25 IT SO SLAVERY IS ILLEGAL, THERE _t 12:05:59:29 WILL STILL BE PEOPLE WHO TRY TO _t 12:06:02:13 KEEP DOING IT. SO THAT'S WHY THE _t 12:06:05:12 13th AMENDMENT SAYS BOTH SLAVERY _t 12:06:08:08 AND INVOLUNTARY SERVITUDE SHALL NOT EVER _t 12:06:10:20 EXIST AND THAT NOTION OF SOMEONE WHO IS DOING _t 12:06:12:21 THIS ON THEIR OWN WITHOUT THE _t 12:06:14:19 GOVERNMENT APPROVING OF IT _t 12:06:15:18 ANYMORE. _t 12:06:16:18 THE REALITY IS, SOMETIMES IT'S _t 12:06:18:18 OUT IN THE OPEN AND SOMETIMES WE DON'T EVEN SEE _t 12:06:19:27 IT IN FRONT OF OUR FACE. _t 12:06:21:06 WE HAD, WHEN I WAS IN THE CIVIL RIGHTS DIVISION OF THE _t 12:06:24:12 JUSTICE DEPARTMENT, YOU KNOW, I _t 12:06:25:18 DID INVESTIGATIONS INTO WOMEN _t 12:06:28:14 WHO ARE BEING HELD CAPTIVE IN _t 12:06:31:13 STRIP CLUBS AND MADE TO DANCE IN THE _t 12:06:34:22 STRIP CLUBS. _t 12:06:37:02 THEY CAME TO THE UNITED STATES THINKING THEY WERE GOING TO BE ON A _t 12:06:39:02 STUDENT EXCHANGE PROGRAM FOR THE _t 12:06:40:03 STATE DEPARTMENT AND INSTEAD _t 12:06:41:09 THEY END UP IN DETROIT DANCING. _t 12:06:43:02 YOU KNOW THE POLICE WERE GOING _t 12:06:44:20 TO THOSE CLUBS AND THEY JUST _t 12:06:46:13 THOUGHT THESE WERE BEAUTIFUL _t 12:06:48:10 RUSSIAN WOMEN, WORKING IN THAT _t 12:06:55:02 CLUB.THE GIRLS WERE SCARED ENOUGH, THEY WEREN'T GOING TO TELL ANYBODY. _t 12:06:55:06 SO IT WAS RIGHT THERE OUT IN THE OPEN, BUT THE _t 12:06:56:14 GUYS GOING THERE WERE NOT SEEING _t 12:06:59:03 IT. _t 12:07:00:03 WHEN WE DRIVE BY A FIELD IN THE SOUTHEAST AND _t 12:07:01:23 SEE A BUNCH OF MIGRANT WORKERS, IT'S EASIER _t 12:07:03:28 NOT TO ASK THE QUESTION. _t 12:07:04:23 SO IT'S HIDDEN BUT KIND OF _t 12:07:06:19 HIDING IN PLAIN SITE IN A _t 12:07:10:10 COUNTERINTUITIVE WAY BECAUSE _t 12:07:11:08 IT'S EASIER FOR US TO COME UP _t 12:07:13:05 WITH A WAY NOT TO SEE IT. BECAUSE _t 12:07:15:05 THAT NOTION OF CONFRONTING _t 12:07:16:24 THEM, CONFRONTING THEIR REALITIES, SEEING THEIR HUMANITY. _t 12:07:18:23 BUT I THINK THE FOUNDERS _t 12:07:20:16 AND THE FOLKS WHO PUT TOGETHER _t 12:07:22:24 ABOLITION FOR US GAVE US THE _t 12:07:25:09 TOOLS TO ACTUALLY UNDO IT TODAY _t 12:07:27:12 BECAUSE THEY RECOGNIZED THAT THIS _t 12:07:29:02 WOULD HAPPEN, THAT THIS KIND OF _t 12:07:33:08 UNDERGROUND SLAVERY WOULD HAPPEN _t 12:07:34:08 IN THE ABSENCE OF LEGAL SLAVERY. _t 12:07:36:04 >> PROFESSOR, WE MENTIONED THAT _t 12:07:37:28 YOU WERE A CONSULTANT ON THIS _t 12:07:41:11 DOCUMENTARY THE ABOLITIONISTS _t 12:07:43:23 AND WE'D LOVE FOR YOU TO SET UP A CLIP. _t 12:07:45:16 >> WHAT WE'RE ABOUT TO SEE _t 12:07:47:12 UNDERSCORES THE POWER OF _t 12:07:49:18 TESTIMONY, THE POWER OF YOUR _t 12:07:50:22 VOICE. _t 12:07:50:26 WE WILL SEE FREDERICK DOUGLASS (MOTIONS TO KEN MORRIS). _t 12:07:53:16 WE WILL SEE FREDERICK DOUGLASS _t 12:07:55:27 WALKING AND TALKING WITH WILLIAM _t 12:08:00:16 LLOYD GARRISON, THE EDITOR OF THE _t 12:08:03:13 NATION'S MOST INFLUENTIAL _t 12:08:04:24 NEWSPAPER, THE LIBERATOR, BASED _t 12:08:06:20 IN BOSTON AND MR. DOUGLASS HAS _t 12:08:09:12 COME NANTUCKET TO HEAR MR. GARRISON SPEAK _t 12:08:11:17 AND AT THAT MEETING, FREDERICK _t 12:08:13:18 DOUGLASS MAKES HIS DEBUT AS AN _t 12:08:16:28 ORATOR IN THE ABOLITIONIST _t 12:08:19:06 MOVEMENT. AND WE'RE ABOUT TO SEE _t 12:08:20:19 HOW THESE TWO MEN THAT COME TO _t 12:08:22:15 THIS SITUATION VERY DIFFERENTLY _t 12:08:23:19 BEGIN TO FORM A PARTNERSHIP AND _t 12:08:25:10 BEGIN THE WORK OF ABOLITION _t 12:08:28:11 TOGETHER. _t 12:08:28:18 LET'S SEE IT. _t 12:08:30:20 [CLIP PLAYED] _t 12:08:53:06 § _t 12:08:53:11 § . _t 12:09:29:12 >> MR. DOUGLASS? _t 12:09:36:04 I HAVE NEVER SEEN AN AUDIENCE SO _t 12:09:41:09 CAPTIVATED. _t 12:09:41:14 I, MYSELF, WAS CARRIED AWAY AS YOU SAW. _t 12:09:43:24 >> I WAS SO NERVOUS I COULD _t 12:09:46:02 BARELY STAND. _t 12:09:46:22 >> YOU WERE WONDERFUL. _t 12:09:47:14 IF YOU DON'T MIND MY ASKING, HOW _t 12:09:50:24 DID YOU _t 12:09:52:11 FIRST REALIZE THAT YOU WERE A _t 12:09:53:25 SLAVE? _t 12:10:01:29 >> SLOWLY... I WAS RAISED BY MY _t 12:10:04:18 GRANDMOTHER WHO LIVED FAR FROM _t 12:10:06:07 THE SLAVE QUARTERS AND SO I _t 12:10:09:13 DIDN'T KNOW WHAT WENT ON THERE. _t 12:10:14:23 ONE DAY, WHEN I WAS 6 YEARS OLD, _t 12:10:19:09 MY GRANDMOTHER WAS TOLD TO WALK _t 12:10:21:25 ME TO THE WORKHOUSE NEAR THE _t 12:10:26:04 MASTER'S PLACE. _t 12:10:27:15 SHE SENT ME OVER TO PLAY WITH _t 12:10:29:11 THE OTHER CHILDREN AND ABANDONED _t 12:10:32:02 ME THERE. _t 12:10:32:10 >> DEAR LORD. _t 12:10:32:28 >> SHE LOVED ME BUT SHE HAD NO _t 12:10:39:13 CHOICE. _t 12:10:39:18 >> WHAT A HORRIBLE, _t 12:10:43:28 A HORRIBLE CRIME. _t 12:10:48:03 AN INNOCENT CHILD. _t 12:10:50:15 WHY WERE YOU RAISED BY YOUR _t 12:10:52:08 GRANDMOTHER? _t 12:10:52:15 WHAT ABOUT YOUR MOTHER? _t 12:10:53:18 >> MY MOTHER? I ONLY SAW HER A _t 12:10:59:02 FEW TIMES AT NIGHT. _t 12:11:02:18 SHE WAS TAKEN AWAY AFTER I WAS _t 12:11:04:22 BORN, TO WORK AS A FIELD HAND _t 12:11:08:08 12 MILES AWAY. _t 12:11:10:12 SHE WALKED ALL THE WAY BACK A _t 12:11:13:13 HANDFUL OF TIMES. _t 12:11:14:11 BUT EVEN SO, THEY NEVER LET ME _t 12:11:18:06 KNOW HER ENOUGH TO REALLY LOVE HER. _t 12:11:22:29 THAT LEFT A HOLE, I CAN'T _t 12:11:24:22 EXPRESS IT. _t 12:11:24:27 >> MY MOTHER LEFT ME, TOO. _t 12:11:29:24 I WAS 5, SHE WORKED IN _t 12:11:32:16 ANOTHER TOWN FOR A FEW YEARS, I _t 12:11:36:10 MISSED HER TERRIBLY. _t 12:11:38:07 BUT THAT WAS NOTHING COMPARED _t 12:11:40:10 WITH -- _t 12:11:40:15 >> IT'S NEVER NOTHING. _t 12:11:44:25 >> MY DEAR MR. DOUGLASS, JOIN ME, _t 12:11:51:03 I URGE YOU. _t 12:11:51:24 YOU HAVE A GIFT. _t 12:11:55:18 SIR, YOU REALLY DO. _t 12:11:56:13 >> YOU FLATTER ME. _t 12:11:57:24 >> NO. _t 12:12:00:02 NO, I DON'T. _t 12:12:02:27 >> MR. GARRISON, YOU MUST _t 12:12:06:03 UNDERSTAND HOW UNEXPECTD THIS _t 12:12:08:02 IS. _t 12:12:08:07 I NEVER IMAGINED -- _t 12:12:09:02 >> YOU HAVE AN OPPORTUNITY TO _t 12:12:15:05 STRIKE A BLOW FOR THE SLAVES _t 12:12:17:02 WHO CONTINUE TO SUFFER AS WE _t 12:12:23:09 SPEAK. _t 12:12:23:18 DID THE LORD GIVE YOU THESE GIFTS _t 12:12:25:09 SO YOU COULD SPEND YOUR LIFE _t 12:12:28:05 WORKING IN THE SHIPYARDS? _t 12:12:29:13 >> I SEE NOW WHY YOU ARE SUCH AN _t 12:12:32:10 EFFECTIVE ADVOCATE. _t 12:12:32:19 >> YOU'LL DO IT THEN! _t 12:12:36:14 >> I THINK I WILL. _t 12:12:47:04 [APPLAUSE] _t 12:12:50:22 >> KEN, I KNOW YOU'RE GOING TO TELL US A LITTLE BIT ABOUT YOUR FAMILY, BUT I HAVE TO ASK, WHAT DOES _t 12:12:54:03 IT FEEL LIKE TO WATCH THAT? _t 12:12:55:18 >> YOU KNOW IT'S VERY HARD TO _t 12:12:57:17 WATCH IT BECAUSE IN THAT SCENE, IN _t 12:12:59:19 THAT CLIP, HE'S TALKING ABOUT _t 12:13:01:22 NOT HAVING A FAMILY AND THAT HIS _t 12:13:04:08 MOTHER WORKED ON A PLANTATION _t 12:13:06:14 12 MILES AWAY AND IN ORDER FOR _t 12:13:07:17 HER TO SEE HER SON, SHE WOULD _t 12:13:09:13 HAVE TO WORK IN THE FIELDS _t 12:13:11:09 PICKING COTTON FROM SUNUP TO SUN _t 12:13:13:26 DOWN AND WALK 12 MILES IN THE _t 12:13:16:15 MIDDLE OF THE NIGHT JUST TO _t 12:13:18:03 SPEND A FEW PRECIOUS MOMENTS _t 12:13:19:18 WITH HIM UNTIL HE FELL ASLEEP _t 12:13:21:17 AND THEN WALK 12 MILES BACK TO THE _t 12:13:22:23 PLANTATION SO SHE COULD BE BACK THERE _t 12:13:24:09 WORKING BY THE TIME THE SUN CAME _t 12:13:25:27 UP BECAUSE SHE WOULD MOST LIELY _t 12:13:28:15 ENDURE A BRUTAL WHIPPING. _t 12:13:31:02 SO THAT CLIP IS EMOTIONAL TO KNOW THAT MY _t 12:13:34:24 GREAT, GREAT, GREAT GRANDFATHER GREW UP _t 12:13:36:18 WITHOUT A FAMILY. _t 12:13:37:10 >> I ASK YOU TO REMEMBER THERE _t 12:13:41:02 ARE MICROPHONES ALL AROUND THE _t 12:13:43:08 ROOM SO YOUR SMALL CONVERSATIONS ARE _t 12:13:45:07 GETTING PICKED UP AND I ASK YOU _t 12:13:46:21 TO GIVE YOUR FULL ATTENTION TO KEN, HE'S GOING TO TELL YOU A BIT MORE ABOUT HIS FAMILY. _t 12:13:49:12 >> WELL AS I WAS INTRODUCED, I AM THE GREAT, GREAT, GREAT _t 12:13:53:02 GRANDSON OF FREDERICK DOUGLASS _t 12:13:54:22 AND THE GREAT GREAT BOOKER T. WASHINGTON. _t 12:13:56:18 EVERY TIME I SAY WHAT MY _t 12:13:59:07 RELATIONSHIP IS TO THESE AMERICAN _t 12:14:01:26 HEROS, NOT ONLY IS IT A MOUTHFUL _t 12:14:03:19 SPITTING OUT ALL OF THOSE _t 12:14:05:28 "GREATS" BUT IT SOMETIMES MAKES ME FEEL VERY FAR REMOVED. _t 12:14:07:08 AND YOU MAY BE SITTING THERE _t 12:14:09:20 HAVING A HARD TIME TRYING TO IMAGINE _t 12:14:11:10 WHAT MY CONNECTION IS TO BOTH OF THESE _t 12:14:12:23 MEN. BUT I BET EVERYBODY IN HERE _t 12:14:15:25 KNOWS OR KNEW A GRANDPARENT AND _t 12:14:17:04 MANY OF YOU MAY HAVE KNOWN _t 12:14:19:04 KNOWN A GREAT GRANDPARENT. _t 12:14:21:02 THAT'S HOW CLOSE I FEEL TO BOTH _t 12:14:23:15 FREDERICK DOUGLASS AND BOOKER T _t 12:14:26:05 WASHINGTON. _t 12:14:26:09 MY GREAT GRANDMOTHER, FANNY DOUGLASS, TO WHOM I WAS VERY CLOSE, SHE MET _t 12:14:29:13 FREDERICK DOUGLASS AS A LITTLE _t 12:14:31:11 GIRL AND SHE LIVED TO BE 103 _t 12:14:33:22 YEARS OLD. _t 12:14:34:22 AND MY AUNT PORTIA TO WHOM I WAS ALSO VERY CLOSE WAS BOOKER T WASHINGTON'S _t 12:14:36:18 DAUGHTER. I REMEMBER BEING A _t 12:14:37:17 LITTLE BOY AND SITTING ON MY _t 12:14:39:13 GREAT GRANDMOTHER, FANNY DOUGLASS' LAP AND _t 12:14:44:07 SHE WOULD TELL ME WHAT IT WAS LIKE TO KNOW, AS SHE CALLED HIM, THE MAN _t 12:14:45:11 WITH THE GREAT WHITE HAIR. _t 12:14:46:21 AND I REMEMBER SITTING ON MY _t 12:14:48:25 AUNT'S PORTIA'S LAP AND SHE WOULD TELL ME _t 12:14:50:18 STORIES ABOUT HER FATHER BOOKER _t 12:14:53:02 T. WASHINGTON AND WHEN I STOP TO _t 12:14:54:18 THINK THAT HANDS THAT TOUCHED _t 12:14:56:04 THE GREAT FREDERICK DOUGLAS AND _t 12:14:58:02 HANDS THAT TOUCHED THE GREAT _t 12:15:01:09 BOOKER T. WASHINGTON ALSO TOUCHED _t 12:15:03:12 MINE, IN A SENSE I SAY I STAND _t 12:15:05:08 JUST ONE PERSON AWAY FROM _t 12:15:06:19 HISTORY, AND WE'RE NOT THAT FROM _t 12:15:10:03 REMOVED FROM THIS HISTORY. _t 12:15:12:14 >> IN TERMS OF YOUR FAMILY _t 12:15:14:03 HISTORY YOU WERE TALKING A LITTLE BIT _t 12:15:15:19 BACKSTAGE, YOUR FAMILY, IT'S SO _t 12:15:17:14 PUBLIC. _t 12:15:17:22 EVERYONE KNOWS SO MUCH ABOUT _t 12:15:20:11 FREDERICK DOUGLASS AND SO MUCH ABOUT _t 12:15:23:02 BOOKER T. WASHINGTON. _t 12:15:24:11 WOULD YOU BE COMFORTABLE SHARING _t 12:15:25:09 A FAMILY STORY WITH US? _t 12:15:26:04 >> THERE'S A STORY I HAVE ALWAYS _t 12:15:28:08 LIKED BECAUSE I HAVE ALWAYS BEEN _t 12:15:30:21 FASCINATED BY HIS HAIR. _t 12:15:33:02 HE USED TO GIVE HORSEBACK RIDES. _t 12:15:35:08 HE HAD 21 GRANDCHILDREN. _t 12:15:37:02 >> 21? _t 12:15:37:20 >> 21. _t 12:15:38:28 AND HIS GRANDKIDS WOULD GET ON _t 12:15:40:04 HIS BACK AND HE WOULD GET DOWN _t 12:15:41:24 ON ALL FOURS AND GIVE THEM _t 12:15:44:29 HORSEBACK RIDES. _t 12:15:46:02 AND DO YOU KNOW WHAT THEY WOULD _t 12:15:47:02 USE AS REIGNS? _t 12:15:48:08 HIS HAIR. _t 12:15:49:03 YES. _t 12:15:49:08 THAT'S ONE OF MY FAVORITE _t 12:15:50:12 STORIES. _t 12:15:50:25 ONE OF THE MOST MOVING PARTS OF _t 12:15:53:02 THE ABOLITIONIST IS THE MOMENT _t 12:15:54:27 THAT FREDERICK DOUGLASS HAS THAT _t 12:15:57:02 EMOTIONAL MOMENT WHEN HE SAYS _t 12:15:58:24 I'M NO LONGER GOING TO BE A _t 12:16:00:22 SLAVE. _t 12:16:01:09 CAN YOU TELL OUR AUDIENCE ABOUT THAT? _t 12:16:02:16 >> HE SAID HE DIDN'T KNOW HE _t 12:16:03:26 WAS A SLAVE UNTIL HE FOUND OUT _t 12:16:06:07 HE COULDN'T DO THE THINGS HE _t 12:16:07:08 WANTED TO DO. _t 12:16:08:15 HE WAS BORN IN THE MOST HORRIFIC _t 12:16:10:22 CONDITIONS A HUMAN BEING CAN BE _t 12:16:12:16 SUBJECTED TO BUT YET THROUGH THE _t 12:16:15:02 POWER OF EDUCATION, NOW HE NEVER _t 12:16:17:26 SPENT ONE DAY IN HIS LIFE IN A _t 12:16:21:07 CLASSROOM BECAUSE IT WAS ILLEGAL TO TEACH A SLAVE TO READ AND _t 12:16:22:08 WRITE, SO HE WAS A SELF TAUGHT _t 12:16:24:12 SCHOLAR. _t 12:16:24:19 AND HE WOULD GO ON TO ESCAPE FROM SLAVERY _t 12:16:27:08 AT THE AGE OF 20 AND AT THIS POINT COME IN CONTACT WITH _t 12:16:29:27 WILLIAM LLOYD GARRISON. _t 12:16:30:07 AND THE IMPORTANCE OF FREDERICK DOUGLASS WAS THAT HE TOLD HIS _t 12:16:32:06 STORY BECAUSE HE EXPERIENCED AND _t 12:16:33:11 IT LIVED IT AND HE WAS ABLE TO _t 12:16:35:13 COMMUNICATE IT IN A WAY THAT _t 12:16:36:21 NOBODY ELSE, NO FUGITIVE SLAVE BEFORE _t 12:16:39:12 HIM, HAD EVER DONE. SO THIS _t 12:16:41:12 REALLY PUSHED THE ABOLITIONIST _t 12:16:43:16 MOVEMENT FORWARD BECAUSE _t 12:16:45:25 FREDERICK DOUGLASS WAS OUT THERE _t 12:16:47:18 TELLING HIS STORY AND OUT THERE _t 12:16:48:14 TALKING ABOUT THE INHUMANITY OF _t 12:16:50:27 SLAVERY THAT HE ENDURED. _t 12:16:52:08 >> WE WILL GO TO A VIDEO QUESTION _t 12:16:54:10 IN A MOMENT, BUT I WANT TO BRING THE PROFESSOR IN. YOU SAID VERY OFFHAND THAT IT WAS ILLEGAL TO TEACH A SLAVE TO READ AND WRITE _t 12:16:57:09 YOU COULD HAVE _t 12:17:01:09 YOUR FINGER CUT OFF IF YOU WERE _t 12:17:03:09 CAUGHT LEARNING TO READ AND _t 12:17:04:25 WRITE. _t 12:17:05:08 TELL THE AUDIENCE A LITTLE BIT _t 12:17:08:02 ABOUT HOW EXTRAORDINARY IT WAS _t 12:17:09:23 TO BE EDUCATED OR LEARN TO EVEN _t 12:17:11:27 READ AS A SLAVE AND HOW DANGEROUS THAT _t 12:17:12:27 COULD BE, TOO. _t 12:17:13:17 >> WELL THERE ARE TWO THINGS, I _t 12:17:16:18 THINK, TO REALLY UNDERSCORE HERE _t 12:17:18:10 AND THAT IS THAT -- AS SLAVERY IS SPREADING _t 12:17:22:17 ACROSS THE UNITED STATES YOU _t 12:17:24:15 ALSO HAVE COMMUNITIES OF FREE _t 12:17:26:04 PEOPLE OF COLOR WHO ARE VALUING _t 12:17:28:10 EDUCATION AND DOING THEIR BEST _t 12:17:30:03 TO OVERCOME THE SEGREGATION AND DISENFRANCHISMENT AND THE _t 12:17:34:06 LACK OF FUNDING FOR SCHOOLS SCHOOLS FOR _t 12:17:36:06 CHILDREN OF COLOR. _t 12:17:37:07 IN THOSE COMMUNITIES AS PEOPLE _t 12:17:39:05 EMANCIPATE THEMSELVES FROM _t 12:17:40:15 SLAVERY AND COME NORTH ONE OF _t 12:17:42:02 THE FIRST THINGS THAT YOU BEGIN _t 12:17:43:13 TO SEE HAPPENING ARE SCHOOLS FOR _t 12:17:45:21 OLDER LADIES, SCHOOLS FOR _t 12:17:48:02 GENTLEMEN, SCHOOLS FOR CHILDREN, _t 12:17:49:24 NIGHT SCHOOLS, EXHIBITIONS, BUT TIME AND TIME _t 12:17:53:05 AGAIN, YOU REALIZE THAT THE _t 12:17:57:05 PROHIBITION ON LEARNING, ON _t 12:18:00:16 ORGANIZED AND PUBLIC EDUCATION _t 12:18:01:06 FOR PEOPLE OF AFRICAN DECENT AND _t 12:18:05:04 THOSE WHO WERE ENSLAVED HAD _t 12:18:06:29 EVERYTHING TO DO WITH THE FACT _t 12:18:08:02 IF YOU LEARNED YOUR LESSONS, IF YOU _t 12:18:10:24 LEARNED AND WERE ABLE TO READ _t 12:18:12:13 AND WRITE, YOU COULD WRITE _t 12:18:16:15 YOURSELF OUT OF SLAVERY. LITERALLY! _t 12:18:19:14 BECAUSE SLAVERY WAS JUST WORDS. _t 12:18:22:07 YOU COULD WRITE A PATH, YOU COULD WRITE YOUR HISTORY, YOU COULD WRITE YOUR STORY AS _t 12:18:26:10 FREDERICK DOUGLASS AND SO MANY _t 12:18:27:17 OTHERS DID. _t 12:18:28:02 AND THE MOMENT YOU HAVE A _t 12:18:30:02 VISIBLE TEXT, YOU HAVE EVIDENCE, _t 12:18:33:13 THE GAME CHANGES. _t 12:18:34:11 SO WHAT WE SEE IS THIS INSISTENCE _t 12:18:41:07 AND IT'S BRUTAL SO YOU COULD BE _t 12:18:43:03 PUT TO DEATH. _t 12:18:43:24 YOU COULD LOSE LIMBS, YOU COULD LOSE FINGERS, YOU COULD _t 12:18:46:02 BE BRANDED, YOU COULD BE SOLD, THE TYRANNY OF IT _t 12:18:49:06 WAS HORRIBLE. _t 12:18:50:10 SO FOR EVERY LETTER LEARNED, EVERY LETTER, _t 12:18:55:24 EVERY LINE, EVERY WORD, EVERY SOURCE, AND _t 12:18:59:15 ALL THE WAYS IN WHICH ENSLAVED PEOPLE MANAGED TO GATHER _t 12:19:02:02 KNOWLEDGE AND THAT'S ONE OF THE _t 12:19:03:08 MOST IMPORTANT THINGS ABOUT _t 12:19:05:07 FREDERICK DOUGLASS, THE WAY IN WHICH _t 12:19:06:13 HE GATHERED THAT TOGETHER. _t 12:19:07:28 BUT WHEN YOU THINK OF SOMEBODY LIKE _t 12:19:10:15 NAT TURNER, IN 1831 HE LEADS ONE OF THE _t 12:19:14:12 LARGEST SLAVE REVOLTS IN AMERICA AND _t 12:19:15:23 HE IS LITERATE. _t 12:19:17:11 AND AFTER THAT REVOLT, EVERYBODY _t 12:19:20:21 THAT IS PRO SLAVERY SAYS THAT IS _t 12:19:23:19 IT, LITERACY EQUALS REVOLT _t 12:19:26:28 EQUALS FREEDOM. SO THEY SHUT IT DOWN COMPLETELY _t 12:19:28:25 AND DRACONIAN LAWS CAME INTO EFFECT _t 12:19:30:28 AFTER THAT. _t 12:19:31:05 >> WE HAVE A LOT OF PEOPLE _t 12:19:32:22 JOINING US AROUND THE COUNTRY. _t 12:19:34:02 WE WILL GO TO A VIDEO QUESTION _t 12:19:35:20 FROM THE NATIONAL UNDERGROUND RELIEF FREEDOM _t 12:19:38:11 CENTER. IS IT ALLIE? _t 12:19:38:17 ALLIE, ARE YOU THERE? _t 12:19:40:06 >> I'M ALLIE FROM VILLA MADONNA ACADEMY IN VILLA HILLS _t 12:19:44:25 KENTUCKY. _t 12:19:45:26 ABOLITIONISTS FROM 1800'S AND _t 12:19:47:19 LEADERS FROM THE CIVIL RIGHTS _t 12:19:48:27 MOVEMENT DEVELOPED THEIR OWN PLANS _t 12:19:50:18 FOR SOCIAL JUSTICE. _t 12:19:51:13 WHAT ARE SOME KEYS SIMILARITIES _t 12:19:53:28 AND _t 12:19:54:23 DIFFERENCES IN THOSE MOVEMENTS _t 12:19:56:08 AND HOW CAN WE USE THESE _t 12:19:58:18 SIMILARITIES TO GET INVOLVED IN _t 12:19:59:17 THE NETWORK TO FIGHT MODERN-DAY _t 12:20:02:21 SLAVERY? _t 12:20:02:25 >> AMBASSADOR, DO YOU WANT TO _t 12:20:05:02 DIVE IN. _t 12:20:05:16 >> YEAH, I THINK THAT ONE OF THE THINGS THAT IS _t 12:20:06:21 IMPORTANT TO REALIZE ABOUT THE _t 12:20:08:02 CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT WHICH WE _t 12:20:09:18 LOOSELY THINK OF AS SOMETHING _t 12:20:10:26 FROM THE 60s, AND THAT'S _t 12:20:13:13 BECAUSE IT STARTED HAVING _t 12:20:15:02 SUCCESSES IN THE 60s. _t 12:20:16:21 IN MANY WAYS THE CIVIL RIGHTS _t 12:20:18:13 MOVEMENT IN AMERICA CAN DATE _t 12:20:21:04 BACK TO -- ALL THE WAY BACK _t 12:20:22:17 TO THE ABOLITIONISTS WITHOUT ANY BREAK IN IT. _t 12:20:25:14 BUT WHEN WE'RE TALKING ABOUT THE CIVIL _t 12:20:27:02 RIGHTS MOVEMENT WE'RE LARGELY _t 12:20:29:02 TALKING ABOUT THINGS ARE UNDER THE _t 12:20:30:11 14th AND 15th AMENDMENT, _t 12:20:33:02 THINGS LIKE ACCESS TO EDUCATION, _t 12:20:34:09 EQUALITY IN BEING ABLE TO _t 12:20:35:26 VOTE, ALL OF THOSE THINGS. _t 12:20:38:12 BUT YOU'RE PREDICATED ON THE _t 12:20:41:17 13TH AMENDMENT COMING INTO FULL _t 12:20:42:23 FORCE. SO IT'S NO SURPRISE THAT _t 12:20:44:19 THE WORK OF THE CIVIL RIGHTS _t 12:20:48:24 MOVEMENT WITH WESTMINISTER SCHOOL DISTRICT CASE, WITH BROWN VERSUS _t 12:20:52:09 BOARD OF EDUCATION, WITH THE BUS _t 12:20:55:06 BOYCOTTS AND OTHER THINGS THAT _t 12:20:57:05 HAPPENED THROUGHOUT THE 50s _t 12:20:58:20 FOLLOW ON A VERY IMPORTANT _t 12:21:00:17 SUPREME COURT CASE IN 1946 WHICH _t 12:21:03:11 FINALLY MAKES IT ILLEGAL FOR THE _t 12:21:06:02 SOUTHERN SHERIFF TO GO OUT AND _t 12:21:08:06 ROUND UP ALL OF THE YOUNG BLACK _t 12:21:10:19 MEN THREE WEEKS BEFORE THE _t 12:21:12:20 HARVEST AND THEN LET THE _t 12:21:14:27 PLANTATION OWNERS BAIL THEM OUT _t 12:21:16:25 FROM THEIR CRIMINAL CHARGES. _t 12:21:18:08 THAT REALLY IS THE FINAL NAIL IN _t 12:21:22:05 THE COFFIN OF LEGAL SLAVERY, _t 12:21:25:10 80 PLUS YEARS AFTER THE CIVIL WAR. _t 12:21:27:18 IT'S NOT UNTIL THE BACK OF THE _t 12:21:31:05 SHARECROPPER SYSTEM AND THE BACK OF _t 12:21:32:24 SLAVERY IS BROKEN THAT THE OTHER _t 12:21:34:14 CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT COULD _t 12:21:35:22 HAPPEN. _t 12:21:36:03 TO ME WHAT IT TELLS US IN A _t 12:21:39:11 MODERN ABOLITIONIST STANDPOINT IS THAT CIVIL _t 12:21:41:23 RIGHTS -- WHETHER WE THINK OF _t 12:21:42:21 THEM AS VOTING, EDUCATION, _t 12:21:44:24 WHETHER WE'RE THINKING ABOUT NEW _t 12:21:46:16 GROUPS, IMMIGRATION REFORM, _t 12:21:49:06 WHETHER IT'S ACCESS TO MARRIAGE, _t 12:21:50:18 ALL OF THESE OTHER NEW THINGS _t 12:21:52:09 THAT WE'RE THINKING ABOUT IN THE _t 12:21:55:02 CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT TODAY _t 12:21:56:13 CANNOT BE DIVORCED FROM THE _t 12:21:59:12 FIGHT AGAINST MODERN SLAVERY. _t 12:22:01:28 BECAUSE AGAIN IF YOU'RE NOT FREE _t 12:22:04:10 THEN ACCESS TO EDUCATION OR _t 12:22:06:15 ACCESS TO HIRING FOR LEGAL PAY _t 12:22:09:07 IS MEANINGLESS SO I THINK THAT'S _t 12:22:11:05 ONE OF THE THINGS THAT WE HAVE _t 12:22:12:02 TO LEARN. _t 12:22:12:26 THE OTHER THING OF COURSE IS THE _t 12:22:14:22 NETWORKS THAT WERE INVOLVED. _t 12:22:16:18 THE ABOLITIONIST NETWORK, THEY _t 12:22:19:23 WEREN'T JUST SPENDING TIME _t 12:22:22:02 TALKING ABOUT SLAVERY, THEY WERE ALSO TALKIGN ABOUT WOMEN'S RIGHTS. _t 12:22:24:10 IT WAS FREDERICK DOUGLASS THAT ENDS UP BEING _t 12:22:28:02 THE MAN THAT STANDS UP AT ONE _t 12:22:29:23 OF THE FIRST WOMEN'S CONFERENCE, THE SENECA FALLS CONFERENCE _t 12:22:31:03 AND SAID IF YOU'RE FIGHTING _t 12:22:32:12 SO HARD TO GET ME AS A BLACK MAN _t 12:22:35:03 THE RIGHT TO VOTE AND YOU HAVE _t 12:22:37:06 YOUR ABOLITIONIST HAT ON, WHY _t 12:22:40:02 AREN'T WE FIGHTING TOGETHER TO _t 12:22:41:14 GIVE YOU THE RIGHT TO VOTE AS _t 12:22:43:25 WOMEN. _t 12:22:44:02 I THINK IT'S A NOTION THAT WE HAVE TO _t 12:22:46:04 WORK TOGETHER ACROSS ALL OF THE _t 12:22:48:03 CIVIL RIGHTS COMMUNITIES, WHETHER IT'S THE _t 12:22:51:06 LATINO COMMUNITY, AFRICAN-AMERICAN, ANY _t 12:22:52:10 COMMUNITY THAT NEEDS THAT HELP. _t 12:22:53:13 WE LEARNED THAT 150 YEARS AGO _t 12:22:55:13 AND WE NEED TO DO IT AGAIN _t 12:22:56:27 TODAY. _t 12:22:57:02 >> IT'S INTERESTING, THERE WAS NO _t 12:22:59:05 FACEBOOK, NO TWITTER -- I MEAN, _t 12:23:00:18 HOW DID THESE ABOLITIONISTS _t 12:23:03:10 CONNECT WITH EACH OTHER? KEN? _t 12:23:05:24 >> WELL, THEY USED THE _t 12:23:07:28 COMMUNICATION TOOLS THEY HAD AT _t 12:23:10:02 THEIR DISPOSAL AT THE TIME. _t 12:23:12:10 FREDERICK DOUGLASS GAVE SPEECHES. _t 12:23:13:08 HE PUBLISHED THE NORTH STAR NEWSPAPER, WHICH WAS THE LEADING ABOLITIONIST VOICE. _t 12:23:16:29 THEY PASSED OUT LEAFLETS AND _t 12:23:19:23 PAMPHLETS AND USED THE _t 12:23:21:07 COMMUNICATION THEY HAD TO _t 12:23:23:03 COMMUNICATE THE INHUMANITY _t 12:23:25:07 OF SLAVERY AND ONE OF THE THINGS _t 12:23:27:02 WE DO IN SCHOOLS TODAY, SECONDARY SCHOOLS, IS GO IN AND TALK ABOUT _t 12:23:28:15 THE HISTORY OF SLAVERY AND _t 12:23:30:14 FREDERICK DOUGLASS AND THE _t 12:23:31:22 ABOLITIONISTS AND HOW THEY WENT ABOUT _t 12:23:34:04 ABOLISHING SLAVERY AND _t 12:23:35:14 TRANSITION INTO THIS _t 12:23:36:28 MODERN-DAY CIVIL RIGHTS ISSUE _t 12:23:38:09 AND SLAVERY STILL EXISTS AND _t 12:23:39:27 WE NEED MODERN-DAY ABOLITIONISTS _t 12:23:42:12 TO DO REALLY THE SAME THING THAT FREDERICK DOUGLASS DID _t 12:23:44:21 AND USE THE COMMUNICATION TOOLS AT YOUR _t 12:23:47:21 DISPOSAL. _t 12:23:48:02 YOU GUYS POSSESS IN YOUR HANDS _t 12:23:49:11 THE GREATEST COMMUNICATION TOOL _t 12:23:51:20 KNOWN TO MAN AND THE WAY YOU'RE _t 12:23:55:02 COMMUNICATING ON SOCIAL MEDIA PLATFORMS LIKE FACEBOOK AND _t 12:23:56:27 TWITTER AND TEXT MESSAGING. _t 12:23:58:08 THROUGH THE STROKE OF A KEY YOU _t 12:24:00:04 CAN REACH MORE PEOPLE THAN FREDERICK _t 12:24:03:03 DOUGLASS PROBABLY COULD HAVE REACHED IN _t 12:24:04:04 HIS WHOLE PUBLISHING CAREER. _t 12:24:05:04 SO THE THINGS THAT YOU DO _t 12:24:07:08 ARE VERY POWERFUL. _t 12:24:07:13 >> LITERATURE AS WELL AND THAT ---------------29:00 _t 12:24:08:19 WILL BRING US TO THE NEXT VIDEO _t 12:24:10:20 CLIP. _t 12:24:10:24 >> SO THE CLIP WE'RE ABOUT TO _t 12:24:13:14 SEE FEATURES HARRIET BEECHER _t 12:24:15:20 STOWE, THE AUTHOR, AS MANY OF _t 12:24:16:28 YOU KNOW, OF "UNCLE TOM'S CABIN" _t 12:24:20:03 AND THE POWER OF HARRIET BEECHER _t 12:24:24:02 STOWE'S CALLING AS AN _t 12:24:26:13 ABOLITIONIST IS PROMPTED BY WHAT _t 12:24:27:24 SHE SAW. _t 12:24:28:09 WE WILL SEE A CLIP WHERE SHE IN _t 12:24:31:13 A SENSE COMES OF AGE AS A WOMAN, LIVING IN A NATION _t 12:24:37:02 WHERE SLAVERY IS CARRIED OUT IN PUBLIC VIEW, _t 12:24:38:11 AND WE WILL SEE HOW SHE RESPONDS _t 12:24:40:21 AND REACTS. _t 12:24:51:21 >> OVER THE NEXT TWO YEARS, _t 12:24:54:20 GARRISON GRADUALLY WON ADHERENCE _t 12:24:56:27 TO THE ANTI-SLAVERY CAUSE. _t 12:24:59:12 ALMOST 50 ABOLITIONIST GROUPS _t 12:25:01:02 FORMED IN 10 STATES. _t 12:25:04:05 THEIR INFLUENCE EXTENDED FROM _t 12:25:05:08 URBAN CENTERS LIKE PHILADELPHIA _t 12:25:06:13 AND NEW YORK TO REMOTE _t 12:25:10:10 SETTLEMENTS LIKE CINCINNATI, A _t 12:25:11:19 BOOM TOWN ON THE WESTERN _t 12:25:14:05 FRONTIER. _t 12:25:15:29 THERE, LYMON BEECHER, ONE OF THE _t 12:25:18:20 COUNTRY'S MOST FAMOUS PREACHERS _t 12:25:20:02 HAD RECENTLY MOVED HIS FAMILY. _t 12:25:23:09 BEECHER OPPOSED SLAVERY IN _t 12:25:28:18 PRINCIPLE BUT DISTRUSTED ACTIVISTS WHO RECKLESSLY ADVOATED IMMEDIATE ABOLITION. -- HIS 22-YEAR-OLD _t 12:25:34:21 DAUGHTER HARRIET HAD INHERITED _t 12:25:36:07 HIS VIEWS. _t 12:25:36:25 THERE IS A CLASS OF _t 12:25:38:15 PROFESSED ABOLITIONISTS IN _t 12:25:40:06 CINCINNATI, SHE WROTE. _t 12:25:41:04 BUT THEY ARE UNFASHIONABLE AND _t 12:25:43:07 ARE REGARDED AS A SPECIES OF _t 12:25:47:23 MORAL MONOMANIACS.(GIRLS HEARD LAUGHING) IN THE SPRING OF 1833, HARRIET AND TWO FRIENDS CROSSED OVER THE RIVER INTO NEIGHBORING KENTUCKY. SHE HAD NEVER BEFORE VISITED A SLAVE STATE. (SLAVE AUCTIONEERS VOICE AND BIDDERS HEARD IN THE BACKGROUND) >>WHAT STOWE SEES THERE IS A HUMAN THING. SHE SEES THESE PEOPLE AND THEY ARE HUMAN BEINGS. SHE'S CONFRONTED WITH IT IN SUCH AN INTIMATE WAY.BUT I THINK THAT NEVER LEAVES HER. >> ONE OF THE THINGS WE SHOULD ALSO POINT OUT ABOUT ABOLITIONISTS IS THEIR LIVES WERE IN DANGER AS WELL. THEY WERE TRULY BRAVE.THE ABOLITIONISTS WERE NOT WELCOME IN THE SOUTH AND EVEN PARTS OF THE NORTH, CORRECT? >>ABSOLUTELY, YOU KNOW ONE OF THE MYTHS ABOUT THAT MOMENT OF AMERICAN HISTORY WHERE WE HAVE ABOLITIONISTS THAT PEOPLE WERE PRO-SLAVERY. WERE THEY PRO-SLAVERY IN THE NORTH? ABSOLUTELY. WERE THEY ANTI-ABOLITIONIST? ABSOLUTELY. SO YOU HAVE INDIVIDUALS WHO ARE PUTTING THEIR LIVES ON THE LINE. MANY WHO ARE EVEN DYING; ELIJAH LOVEJOY, EDITOR OF A NEWSPAPER, HIS PRESS IS THROWN INTO THE RIVER AND HE IS KILLED. BASICALLY, THESE PEOPLE DOING EXTRAORDINARY THINGS, WILLIAM LLOYD GARRISON WAS ALMOST LYNCHED IN BOSTON BY A GROUP CALLED BOSTON GENTLEMAN. SO IT HAS NOTHING TO DO WITH PLACE, IT'S ALL ABOUT THE POLITICS OF THE MOMENT. >> EVEN HERE IN DC, THE FIRST WOMAN WHO EVER TRIED TO SET UP A SCHOOL TO TEACH COLORED GIRLS HAD IT BURNED DOWN. SHE HAD TO MOVE THE SCHOOL FOUR TIMES BEFORE SHE COULD EVEN FIND A LOCATION. I THINK WE HAVE A QUESTION FROM THE AUDIENCE. RIGHT OVER HERE? SIR, STEP UP. >> HELLO. MY NAME IS HENRY ARIAS, I'M A JUNIOR AT PHELPS SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL. MY QUESTION IS: SINCE -- GIVEN THAT UNCLE TOM'S CABIN WAS SUCH AN INFLUENTIAL MOVING THE NATIONAL CONVERSATION ON SLAVERY, WHAT FORMS OF MODERN COMMUNICATION SUCH AS JOURNALISM, SOCIAL MEDIA, FILMS AND LITERATURE COULD INFLUENCE THE MOVEMENT OF NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL AWARENESS AND THE CONVERSATION ABOUT SLAVERY TODAY. >> WE WERE TALKING ABOUT EARLIER, A WEBSITE CALLED CHANGE.ORG AND THIS WILL ANSWER YOUR QUESTION A LITTLE BIT. KEN, TELL THE AUDIENCE A LITTLE BIT ABOUT A PETITION THAT YOU HELPED START ON CHANGE.ORG. >> WELL AS YOU MENTIONED, WE'RE IN THE MIDST OF THE 150TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE SIGNING OF THE EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION AND OUR ORGANIZATION ASKED SECONDARY SCHOOLS FROM AROUND THE COUNTRY TO COME TOGETHER TO WRITE A NEW PROCLAMATION OF FREEDOM FOR THE VICTIMS OF TODAY'S SLAVERY, SO THIS DOCUMENT WAS WRITTEN BY STUDENTS AND THE STUDENTS DECIDED TO TAKE THAT DOCUMENT AND TURN IT INTO A CHANGE.ORG PETITION AND THE "ASK" IN THE DOCUMENT IS TO ASK THE US DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION TO HELP FACILITATE A NATIONAL HUMAN TRAFFICKING PREVENTION AND EDUCATION PROGRAM. OBVIOUSLY PREVENTION AND EDUCAITON IS IMPORTANT SO WE CAN GET AT THE ROOT CAUSE OF THIS PROBLEM. SO, CHANGE.ORG IS A VERY IMPORTANT WEBSITE. AMBASSADOR, CAN YOU GIVE US A _t 12:29:37:11 COUPLE OF EXAMPLES? WE WERE _t 12:29:39:25 TALKING ABOUT INCREASED _t 12:29:40:23 AWARENESS ABOUT THIS ISSUE AND _t 12:29:42:02 SOME OF THE LEGAL GAINS THAT _t 12:29:43:19 HAVE BEEN MADE IN THE PAST SEVEN _t 12:29:45:02 OR EIGHT YEARS. _t 12:29:45:28 >> WELL, I THINK ONE OF THE _t 12:29:47:09 THINGS THAT WE SEE IS THAT WE _t 12:29:49:02 BOTH HAVE CULTURAL CHANGE THAT _t 12:29:51:15 IS HAPPENING, WHETHER IT'S _t 12:29:53:02 CHURCH GROUPS, WHETHER IT'S _t 12:29:56:23 THROUGH SOCIAL MEDIA, THE SLAVERY _t 12:30:02:12 FOOTPRINT.ORG IS ONE OF THE _t 12:30:05:02 SPONSORS OF THE MATERIALS THAT _t 12:30:06:06 WERE PASSED OUT, BUT AT THE SAME _t 12:30:08:17 TIME, YOU KNOW, IT DOES TAKE _t 12:30:11:23 MASS POPULAR MEDIA, YOU KNOW, _t 12:30:14:25 HARRIET BEECHER STOWE WAS _t 12:30:16:14 WRITING UNCLE TOM'S CABIN _t 12:30:17:17 BECAUSE SHE HAD A POINT TO PROVE _t 12:30:19:10 BUT IT WAS ALSO A GOOD BOOK. _t 12:30:21:16 AND PEOPLE WANTED TO READ IT AND _t 12:30:23:05 IT READ'S LITTLE ARCHAIC TO A _t 12:30:26:11 MODERN EYE BUT BACK THEN IT WAS _t 12:30:28:02 THE FIRST TIME READERS HAD _t 12:30:29:12 ACTUALLY THOUGHT OF SLAVES, SOME _t 12:30:33:12 OF THEM THE FIRST TIME THEY _t 12:30:35:04 THOUGHT OF AN AFRICAN-AMERICAN _t 12:30:36:06 AS HAVING THE SAME HOPES AND _t 12:30:38:02 DREAMS THAT THEY DID. _t 12:30:39:23 NOW, YOU GET THAT KIND OF THING _t 12:30:41:26 AND IT'S TYPICALLY GOING TO BE _t 12:30:43:25 MADE BY HOLLYWOOD BECAUSE THEY _t 12:30:44:24 HAVE A PROFIT MOTIVE AND THERE'S _t 12:30:46:24 NOTHING WRONG WITH THAT. _t 12:30:47:18 A LOT OF PEOPLE HAVE COME TO THE _t 12:30:49:23 ANTI-SLAVERY WORK IN THE PAST _t 12:30:51:11 FEW YEARS BECAUSE OF THE MOVIE _t 12:30:52:20 TAKEN, WITH LIAM NEESON, WHERE HE GOES AND FIGHTS _t 12:30:54:13 THE BAD GUYS TO GET HIS _t 12:30:55:14 DAUGHTER BACK. _t 12:30:56:06 IT'S NOT NECESSARILY THE MOST _t 12:30:58:08 ACCURATE PORTRAYAL OF HUMAN _t 12:30:59:28 TRAFFICKING. _t 12:31:00:11 THE MOST ACCURATE PORTRAYAL OF _t 12:31:04:18 HOW MODERN SLAVERY WORKS BUT _t 12:31:07:13 IN SOME WAYS THAT DOESN'T MATTER BECAUSE IT CAN BRING PEOPLE IN. BECAUSE THEN WHETHER _t 12:31:09:09 IT'S STUDENTS AGAINST SLAVERY OR _t 12:31:12:21 THROUGH THE PEOPLE DOING WORK ON _t 12:31:14:14 SOCIAL MEDIA, ETC. THEY CAN LEARN _t 12:31:17:07 MORE ABOUT MODERN SLAVERY BY _t 12:31:19:16 SEEING THAT. AND I THINK THAT THAT IS WHAT IS SO IMPORTANT. _t 12:31:20:02 WE HAVE TO ENCOURAGE TV SHOWS OR _t 12:31:23:02 HOLLYWOOD OR WHOEVER TO START _t 12:31:24:24 BRINGING IT IN. _t 12:31:26:22 IT HAS AN EFFECT. _t 12:31:29:09 BECAUSE IF YOU THINK ABOUT -- _t 12:31:31:13 WE'RE DOING A LOT OF WORK IN MY _t 12:31:35:04 OFFICE WITH WILL AND JADA SMITH _t 12:31:37:16 AND ONE OF THE REASONS WHY THEY'RE _t 12:31:39:09 SO INTERESTED IN HAVING THEIR _t 12:31:40:17 FAMILY WORK ON THIS IS BECAUSE _t 12:31:42:16 WILLOW CAME HOME AND HAD SEEN SOME THINGS _t 12:31:46:20 IN SCHOOL AND WENT _t 12:31:48:16 AND LOOK IT UP ONLINE AND IT _t 12:31:50:22 SEEING KIDS HER AGE, AROUND THE _t 12:31:52:18 WORLD, THAT WAS HAPPENING TO THEM _t 12:31:54:07 SO THEN THEY TURN AROUND AND _t 12:31:57:13 JADA SMITH MAKES A MUSIC VIDEO _t 12:31:59:07 THAT TALKS ABOUT THE PLIGHT OF _t 12:32:00:17 WOMEN IN MEXICO THAT ARE GOING THROUGH THIS. _t 12:32:01:15 SO I CAN SAY THAT NOTION OF ART, _t 12:32:05:09 ACTIVISM AND THEN MORE ART IS _t 12:32:09:02 SOMETHING THAT MIMICS WHAT WE _t 12:32:12:11 SAW WITH SLAVES, WITH THE POEMS, _t 12:32:15:05 WITH THE NEWSPAPERS AND WITH _t 12:32:16:11 THE BOOKS OF THE 1840S AND _t 12:32:18:25 1850s, IN A LOT OF WAYS _t 12:32:20:25 LIGHTENING IS STRIKING TWICE IF _t 12:32:23:02 WE'RE ONLY READY TO WATCH IT. _t 12:32:24:02 >> FROM OUR FOLKS WATCHING _t 12:32:25:21 ONLINE, WE HAVE A QUESTION FROM _t 12:32:29:18 BRIANA AND LAURA. _t 12:32:31:02 THEY'RE AT FLOWERY BRANCH HIGH _t 12:32:34:07 SCHOOL. _t 12:32:34:13 HOW HAS SLAVERY EXISTED THIS _t 12:32:36:09 LONG? _t 12:32:42:12 >> IN PART, SLAVERY HAS _t 12:32:44:15 EXISTED THIS LONG BECAUSE IT'S _t 12:32:48:10 PART OF THE LARGER HUMAN _t 12:32:52:27 CONDITION, WORK NEEDS TO BE DONE, PEOPLE HAVE AN _t 12:32:54:05 INCLINATION TO PROFIT FROM _t 12:32:55:24 OTHERS. _t 12:32:56:08 WE COULD LIVE IN A WORLD THAT IS _t 12:32:58:25 COMPLETELY AS PEACE BUT WE _t 12:32:59:25 DON'T. _t 12:33:00:05 WE COULD LIVE IN A WORLD WHERE _t 12:33:02:07 EVERYBODY HAS A FAIR SHAKE AT _t 12:33:04:23 EDUCATION, AT HOUSING, AT REALLY _t 12:33:07:22 FOLLOWING THEIR DREAMS. _t 12:33:08:20 WE DON'T. _t 12:33:09:08 WE COULD LIVE IN A WORLD WHERE _t 12:33:11:14 EVERYONE COULD VOTE FREELY, WE _t 12:33:13:25 DON'T. _t 12:33:14:02 SO IN MANY WAYS SLAVERY IS ONE _t 12:33:17:25 OF THOSE REALLY UNFORTUNATE AND _t 12:33:20:16 PERSISTENT REALITIES AND IT _t 12:33:21:21 REQUIRES COURAGE, IT REQUIRES _t 12:33:23:21 TIME, IT REQUIRES FAITH TO FIGHT _t 12:33:25:27 IT AND IT REQUIRES PRESENCE OF _t 12:33:28:13 MIND. _t 12:33:28:18 AND YOU KNOW, WE TALKED A LOT _t 12:33:31:19 ABOUT THE COURAGE OF _t 12:33:33:15 ABOLITIONISTS AND CERTAINLY THAT _t 12:33:34:19 HAS NOT CHANGED. _t 12:33:35:22 IN ORDER TO MAKE CHANGE IN THE _t 12:33:37:07 WORLD TODAY, YOU HAVE TO BE _t 12:33:39:23 BRAVE, BECAUSE YOU ARE STANDING _t 12:33:40:24 UP AND SAYING, I HAVE SEEN _t 12:33:42:17 SOMETHING THAT I WOULD LIKE TO _t 12:33:43:23 TALK ABOUT, AND I HAVE SEEN _t 12:33:45:12 SOMETHING THAT I WOULD LIKE TO _t 12:33:47:27 PROTEST, AND SOMETIMES YOU GET _t 12:33:49:08 AN AUDIENCE, SOMETIMES YOU _t 12:33:52:18 DON'T. _t 12:33:52:27 AND IT'S BEING ABLE TO GO TO _t 12:33:55:11 DISTANCE. _t 12:33:55:17 BUT I WANTED TO FOLLOW UP, TOO, _t 12:33:57:12 ON THE QUESTION ABOUT _t 12:33:58:23 LITERATURE, BECAUSE IT'S SO _t 12:33:59:24 IMPORTANT, AS WE LIVE IN THE AGE _t 12:34:01:13 WHERE EVERYTHING IS GOING _t 12:34:02:28 VIRTUAL, IT SEEMS, IT'S REALLY _t 12:34:05:07 IMPORTANT TO KEEP READING BOOKS _t 12:34:09:03 AND SOME OF THE GREATEST AND _t 12:34:11:12 MOST TRANSFORMATIVE _t 12:34:15:25 POLITICAL TOOLS HAVE BEEN _t 12:34:18:03 NOVELS, HISTORICAL FICTION, SO IF YOU _t 12:34:20:02 HAVE A MOMENT LOOK FOR A BOOK _t 12:34:22:02 CALLED "SOMEONE KNOWS MY NAME" _t 12:34:24:24 BY LAWRENCE HILL AND IT IS ONE _t 12:34:26:17 OF THE MOST STUNNING AND _t 12:34:29:15 SOBERING STORIES OF A YOUNG GIRL _t 12:34:32:02 THAT COMES THROUGH THAT MIDDLE _t 12:34:34:24 PASSAGE AND COMES TO AGE IN _t 12:34:37:02 AMERICA AND THEN NOVA SCOTIA AND THEN ENGLAND. BUT IT'S _t 12:34:39:12 THE STORIES. IT'S UNCLE TOM'S _t 12:34:42:29 CABIN, IT'S THE NARRATIVE, IT'S _t 12:34:44:22 THE NOVELS. _t 12:34:45:07 AND WE HAVE TO FIND THE PASSION TO _t 12:34:46:21 TELL THE HISTORY IN OUR OWN WAY _t 12:34:48:12 AND THAT'S HOW SLAVERY WILL END, _t 12:34:50:23 EVERYBODY COMING TO IT WITH AN _t 12:34:56:03 AGENDA THAT IS TRUE TO THEM. _t 12:34:56:08 >> SOMETHING YOU SAID THAT _t 12:34:57:29 HIT MY EAR, AND I REMEMBER I WAS _t 12:35:00:21 IN SOUTH CAROLINA A COUPLE OF MONTHS AGO AND I WENT TO _t 12:35:02:06 ONE OF THE SLAVE MARTS WHERE _t 12:35:05:12 HAVE THEY HAVE THE REAL STORIES AND _t 12:35:10:08 PEOPLE, SLAVES TELLING _t 12:35:12:02 THEIR STORIES IN THEIR VOICE AND SOME PEOPLE IN THE 40S WENT AROUND AND RECORDED BLACK SLAVES FROM THE 80S AND 90S TELLING THEIR STORIES. AND A LOT OF IT JUST _t 12:35:13:14 CAME DOWN TO MONEY. IT CAME DOWN TO _t 12:35:15:23 COMMERCE. _t 12:35:16:14 SOUTH CAROLINA WAS SO RICH AND _t 12:35:19:15 HELPED FUND THE REVOLUTIONARY _t 12:35:21:14 WAR. IT WAS ABOUT THEIR WAY OF LIFE, BUT IT WAS ABOUT MONEY IN _t 12:35:23:27 THE BOTTOM LINE AND IN THIS DAY _t 12:35:25:11 AND TIME, WHO IS MAKING THE _t 12:35:27:19 MONEY OFF OF MODERN-DAY SLAVERY? _t 12:35:29:18 >> WELL, I THINK THAT THE MONEY _t 12:35:31:08 IS BEING MADE BY A NUMBER OF _t 12:35:35:23 US. _t 12:35:36:02 IT'S A HUGE INDUSTRY, THE UN AND _t 12:35:40:23 OTHERS THAT HAVE RESEARCHED THIS ARE SHOWING AT ABOUT A 30 _t 12:35:43:25 PLUS BILLION DOLLARS A YEAR _t 12:35:45:06 INDUSTRY JUST IN PROFITS FOR THE _t 12:35:47:29 TRAFFICKERS, ABOUT $20 BILLION _t 12:35:51:09 IN LOSSES TO THE VICTIMS. AND BECAUSE IT'S DIFFUSE, _t 12:35:53:02 IT'S A LOT OF DIFFERENT _t 12:35:55:11 PEOPLE. _t 12:35:56:14 IT'S THE RICE MILL OWNDER IN INDIA WHO HAS A _t 12:35:59:28 FAMILY WORKING FOR THEM BECAUSE _t 12:36:01:22 THAT PERSON'S GRANDFATHER _t 12:36:04:16 BORROWED $20 IN 1930 AND HAS _t 12:36:07:02 NEVER BEEN ABLE, THE FAMILY HAS NEVER BEEN ABLE TO PAY THAT _t 12:36:09:23 OFF. _t 12:36:10:26 BUT THAT RICE MILL OWNER AND ALL OF THE _t 12:36:12:02 PEOPLE IN THEIR SOCIAL CLASS _t 12:36:13:16 THAT ARE DOING THAT, GET THE _t 12:36:15:29 BENEFIT. _t 12:36:16:06 IT'S THE CORRUPT GOVERNMENT _t 12:36:19:11 OFFICIAL WHO OWNS THE PALM OIL _t 12:36:21:27 PLANTATIONS OUT IN RURAL _t 12:36:23:18 SOUTHEAST ASIA AND KNOWS THAT _t 12:36:25:15 THE MEN THAT ARE WORKING ON _t 12:36:27:03 THOSE PLANTATIONS AREN'T FREE TO LEAVE, THAT _t 12:36:28:28 THEY WILL BE HUNTED _t 12:36:30:21 DOWN, AND KILLED IF THEY TRIED _t 12:36:32:03 TO LEAVE. _t 12:36:32:23 AND ALSO KNOW THAT THEY'RE _t 12:36:34:22 BRINGING IN WOMEN TO SERVE THOSE _t 12:36:36:25 MEN IN PROSTITUTION, ENSLAVED _t 12:36:38:29 GIRLS. _t 12:36:39:18 SO IT'S -- I THINK IT'S _t 12:36:41:20 SOMETHING THAT WE'VE SEEN WHERE _t 12:36:43:14 THERE'S A BIG SYSTEMIC THING, _t 12:36:46:03 WHETHER IT'S SEAFOOD, PALM OIL, _t 12:36:49:22 COTTON IN CENTRAL ASIA OR BRICKS AND RICE IN INDIA, _t 12:36:52:28 BUT THERE'S ALSO LITTLE THINGS, _t 12:36:54:21 THE CASES THAT WE HAVE DONE _t 12:36:56:07 AROUND HERE IN D.C. YOU KNOW, _t 12:36:57:16 IT'S BEEN AN ATTEMPT WITH A _t 12:37:02:06 15-YEAR-OLD GIRL IN A HOTEL OUT _t 12:37:08:04 ON ANY ROAD, IT'S A DIPLOMAT _t 12:37:09:24 FROM ANOTHER COUNTRY WHO HAS _t 12:37:13:19 SERVANTS IN THEIR APARTMENT IN _t 12:37:16:24 FALLS CHURCH OR SILVER SPRING. _t 12:37:19:25 THEY'RE NOT MAKING A LOT OF _t 12:37:22:02 MONEY BUT THEY'RE GETTING _t 12:37:23:09 SOMETHING OUT OF THAT. THEY GET THE FREE WORK, BUT ALSO, _t 12:37:24:07 THAT NOTION OF CRUELTY AND THE _t 12:37:26:06 CRUEL MASTERS -- LOOK AT WHAT _t 12:37:28:22 FREDERICK DOUGLASS TALKS _t 12:37:29:25 ABOUT, THE WOMAN THAT WAS HIS _t 12:37:31:06 MASTER WHEN HE GOT SENT TO _t 12:37:33:11 BALTIMORE AS A HOUSE SLAVE AND _t 12:37:34:18 HOW FIRST SHE WAS NICE TO HIM _t 12:37:35:25 BECAUSE HE DIDN'T KNOW ANY _t 12:37:37:14 BETTER. _t 12:37:37:21 BY THE TIME SHE WAS DONE SHE WAS _t 12:37:39:02 BEATING ON HIM ALL THE TIME, _t 12:37:41:26 IT'S BECAUSE SOMETHING HAPPENS _t 12:37:43:04 NOT JUST TO THE SLAVE BUT THE _t 12:37:45:15 MASTER. _t 12:37:45:21 WE SEE THAT NOW, THAT SOME OF _t 12:37:48:14 THIS IS ECONOMIC AND SOME OF IT _t 12:37:50:16 IS IN THAT EXTRA LITTLE LEVEL OF _t 12:37:55:24 CRUELTY ON THE MART OF THE MASTERS AND THE TWO CAN'T REALLY _t 12:37:57:22 BE SUSSED OUT AND I DON'T THINK _t 12:38:00:02 THEY NECESSARILY WERE SUSSED _t 12:38:01:19 OUT BACK THEN EITHER. _t 12:38:03:04 WE THINK OF IT AS THIS IS AN _t 12:38:04:26 ECONOMIC STRUCTURE BUT THERE _t 12:38:05:24 WERE PEOPLE THAT WERE -- THAT _t 12:38:07:24 LIVED, THAT LOVED, THAT HAD _t 12:38:09:16 DIFFERENT RELATIONSHIPS THAT HAD _t 12:38:11:12 CRUELTY, KINDNESS, ALL OF THIS _t 12:38:15:19 WRAPPED UP IN THIS BECAUSE AT THE END OF THE DAY, SLAVERY IS ABOUT PEOPLE. _t 12:38:16:24 >> SO Y'ALL ARE THINKING WHAT _t 12:38:18:10 CAN I DO? THIS IS SO BIG, THIS IS SYSTEMIC, THIS IS LONG TERM AND THAT'S ACTUALLY WHY WE HAVE ANNA _t 12:38:24:21 HERE BECAUSE ANNA IS 17 AND SHE _t 12:38:28:18 DECIDED SHE WANTED TO DO _t 12:38:30:24 SOMETHING. _t 12:38:30:29 ONE OF THE BIG QUESTIONS IS WHAT _t 12:38:31:29 CAN I DO? ANNA, _t 12:38:33:02 TELL US WHAT YOU DID TO MAKE A _t 12:38:35:02 DIFFERENCE? _t 12:38:35:08 >> I WANT TO START WITH EDUCATION PARK AND _t 12:38:40:18 JUST LIKE FREDERICK DOUGLASS GOING TO THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT, FREDERICK DOUGLASS _t 12:38:42:27 TEACHING HIMSELF HOW TO READ AND THEN _t 12:38:45:02 ARTICULATING _t 12:38:46:20 THAT. WITH DR. KING, HE WAS _t 12:38:49:29 JUST SO EDUCATED THAT HE WAS ABLE _t 12:38:51:07 TO GET THE WORD OUT, I THINK _t 12:38:53:06 WHAT WE NEED TO DO, WHAT MY _t 12:38:55:09 GROUP, ABOLITIONIST STUDENTS STOPPING _t 12:38:59:02 SLAVERY DOES IS WE PUT THE WORD _t 12:39:00:22 OUT. _t 12:39:00:29 WE ARE ABOUT AWARENESS. _t 12:39:02:18 I FEEL NOT ONLY ARE YOU GIVING A _t 12:39:04:27 VOICE TO THOSE WHO DON'T HAVE _t 12:39:06:20 ONE BUT YOU ARE GIVING -- THE MORE _t 12:39:08:06 PEOPLE THAT ARE AWARE, THE MORE _t 12:39:09:29 PEOPLE THAT ARE WILLING TO MAKE _t 12:39:11:09 A CHANGE AND I FEEL LIKE THAT'S _t 12:39:12:28 WHERE IT STARTS. _t 12:39:13:19 WHEN YOU START EDUCATING AND _t 12:39:14:29 PUTTING THIS IN PEOPLE'S MINDS, _t 12:39:16:22 IT'S HARD TO GET BACK FROM IT, _t 12:39:18:08 LIKE THE FACT THAT YOU'RE ALL _t 12:39:20:02 HERE NOW LEARNING ABOUT THIS IS _t 12:39:21:27 WHERE IT STARTS, AND I WAS AT _t 12:39:24:06 EVENTS LIKE THIS, LIKE THIS _t 12:39:26:02 YEAR, LAST YEAR, AND JUST _t 12:39:29:04 LIKE -- GAINING KNOWLEDGE AND _t 12:39:30:24 INFORMATION IT SOUNDS SO CLICHE _t 12:39:32:29 BUT KNOWLEDGE IS POWER AND _t 12:39:33:24 THAT'S WHERE IT STARTS, I THINK AND _t 12:39:35:14 THEN AFTER THAT, SASS DO A LOT OF _t 12:39:38:06 FUNDRAISING. _t 12:39:38:12 >> WHAT DOES SASS STAND FOR? _t 12:39:42:19 >> STUDENT ABOLITIONISTS _t 12:39:47:03 STOPPING SLAVERY. _t 12:39:47:21 AND SO FUNDRAISING IS HUGE BECAUSE HIGH SCHOOLERS YOU FEEL LIKE YOU _t 12:39:49:07 CAN'T DO MUCH AND I CAN'T GO IN _t 12:39:50:17 AND PHYSICALLY RESCUE KIDS FROM _t 12:39:53:04 A HOME OR GO TO INDIA AND DO _t 12:39:56:02 RESEARCH BUT WITH THE MONEY THAT _t 12:39:57:06 DO RAISE, IT CAN GO TO _t 12:39:59:05 NONPROFIT ORGANIZATIONS SUCH AS FREE THE SLAVES WHICH IS WHAT SASS DOES AND YOU _t 12:40:02:21 CAN FEEL LIKE YOU DID THAT PART _t 12:40:05:02 BECAUSE YOU'RE GIVING THAT MONEY _t 12:40:06:08 TO THOSE PEOPLE WHO CAN GO OUT _t 12:40:08:02 AND DO THE PHYSICAL WORK AND _t 12:40:09:24 SAVE PEOPLE. AND THEN SIMPLE _t 12:40:11:11 THINGS LIKE WRITING A PETITION _t 12:40:12:27 TO YOUR STATE LEGISLATOR. _t 12:40:17:22 CONNECTICUT DIDN'T HAVE A LAW _t 12:40:19:02 AGAINST HUMAN TRAFFICKING AND _t 12:40:21:23 UNTIL 2004 WHEN SASS STARTED, THEY _t 12:40:26:03 WROTE A PETITION TO THE CONNECTICUT STATE LEGISLATURE TO GET _t 12:40:28:28 THE LAW PASSED. SO SMALL THINGS LIKE THAT, WRITING A LETTER, EVEN TO COMPANIES. _t 12:40:30:08 WE WROTE -- LIKE VALENTINE'S DAY IS _t 12:40:36:27 COMING UP, AND WE WROTE TO HERSHEYS. AND THEY DIDN'T HAVE FAIR TRADE _t 12:40:39:15 CHOCOLATE SO WE WROTE LETTERS _t 12:40:43:17 THAT SAID HAVE A HEART AND MADE _t 12:40:45:08 IT PRETTY AND SAID, "HEY, DO YOU WANT _t 12:40:47:29 FAIR TRADE TO BE PART OF WHAT _t 12:40:48:27 YOU DO?" _t 12:40:50:23 AND HERSHEY'S HAS. _t 12:40:52:04 JUST THAT SMALL PUSHED HELPED _t 12:40:54:06 THEM TO BECOME FAIR TRADE. _t 12:40:55:27 AND SOMETHING THAT YOU MIGHT _t 12:40:57:14 THINK IS INSIGNIFICANT IS NOT _t 12:41:00:03 BECAUSE, I MEAN, I'M HERE JUST _t 12:41:01:22 FOR THE LITTLE WORK I HAVE DONE _t 12:41:03:18 WITH MY GROUP. _t 12:41:04:23 SO ANY ONE OF YOUR COULD BE UP _t 12:41:06:27 HERE JUST FOR A LITTLE WORK THAT _t 12:41:09:23 YOU DO. _t 12:41:09:26 >> I THINK THAT'S A GREAT WAY TO _t 12:41:12:09 END, ANY OF YOU COULD DO _t 12:41:14:05 SOMETHING BIG WITH A LITTLE BIT OF WORK TODAY. _t 12:41:15:24 EVERYBODY, LET'S THANK OUR PANEL. _t 12:41:25:09 AND THANKS TO THE SMITHSONIAN _t 12:41:27:02 FOR PUTTING TOGETHER THIS _t 12:41:29:18 FANTASTIC PROJECT! _t 12:41:30:17---------------------------------------------END OF WEBCAST [APPLAUSE] _t 12:41:36:18 >> OK, YOU HAVE GUYS. _t 12:41:37:27 I TOLD YOU, YOU HAD TO BE _t 12:41:40:02 JOURNALIST. _t 12:41:40:06 WHO HAS A QUESTION FOR THE _t 12:41:41:07 PANEL? _t 12:41:44:11 WHERE IS MY HEADBAND DUDE? _t 12:42:13:14 [INAUDIBLE QUESTION] _t 12:42:14:29 >> FOR THOSE OF YOU WHO DIDN'T _t 12:42:16:18 HEAR THE QUESTION, WHAT _t 12:42:19:29 COUNTRIES ARE EXPECTED OF _t 12:42:23:29 SLAVERY. _t 12:42:24:04 >> I THINK MOST PEOPLE WOULD SAY _t 12:42:26:15 INDIA. _t 12:42:26:21 BUT I THINK THAT WE SEE A LOT IN _t 12:42:28:22 THE CONGO, BECAUSE THERE'S ALL _t 12:42:31:23 OF THE MINERALS IN THE CONGO AND _t 12:42:34:14 PEOPLE ARE BEING ENSLAVED TO DO _t 12:42:36:03 THE MINING AND THERE ARE ALSO _t 12:42:38:12 ARMIES THAT I'M SURE YOU ARE _t 12:42:40:12 FAMILIAR WITH THAT ARE -- I _t 12:42:47:08 THINK IN AFRICA WE'RE WORRIED _t 12:42:49:10 ABOUT CONGO: WE'RE WORRIED _t 12:42:52:11 ABOUT INDIA AND ALSO THE UNITED _t 12:42:54:13 STATES BECAUSE THERE ARE, YOU _t 12:42:58:09 KNOW KIDS THAT ARE AT RISK THAT _t 12:43:00:28 APPEAR IN THE U.S. _t 12:43:03:04 WE NEED TO LOOK AT THIS AT HOME _t 12:43:05:02 AS WELL. _t 12:43:12:29 >> GREAT QUESTION. _t 12:43:14:12 ANYBODY ELSE? _t 12:43:15:29 IN THE BACK? _t 12:43:17:29 PLEASE STAND UP. _t 12:43:18:27 >> HI. _t 12:43:46:09 >> LADIES AND GENTLEMEN THANK _t 12:43:46:27 YOU VERY MUCH FOR BEING PART OF _t 12:43:48:05 OUR PROGRAM TODAY. _t 12:43:49:09 WE WANT TO BE RESPECTFUL TO ALL _t 12:43:50:16 OF OUR FELLOW STUDENTS AND TO _t 12:43:52:05 OUR PANELISTS TODAY SO I NEED _t 12:43:54:08 EVERYONE TO TURN AND LOOK AT THE _t 12:43:55:14 PERSON OVER THERE WHO IS ASKING _t 12:43:56:29 US THE QUESTION AND GIVE HER _t 12:43:59:23 YOUR ABSOLUTELY -- ABSOLUTELY _t 12:44:04:19 UNDIVIDED ATTENTION. _t 12:44:16:07 [INAUDIBLE QUESTION] _t 12:44:20:24 >> TRAFFIC IS SOMETHING THAT HAS _t 12:44:24:19 BEEN AROUND FOREVER. _t 12:44:25:14 THE NOTION OF OLD SOUTH SLAVERY, _t 12:44:29:24 WHEN IT CAME TO THE UNITED _t 12:44:35:27 STATES, WHEN THE FIRST SLAVES _t 12:44:39:24 FROM AFRICA AND FROM EUROPE CAME _t 12:44:42:08 TO THE UNITED STATES PHYSICALLY _t 12:44:45:18 IF YOU WORKED FOR THAT PERSON _t 12:44:46:28 FOR SEVEN YEARS OR SOMETHING _t 12:44:47:26 LIKE THAT, YOU PAID OFF YOUR _t 12:44:49:14 DEBT AND THEN YOU WERE FREE TO _t 12:44:51:28 GO. _t 12:44:52:05 SO IT WASN'T UNTIL ABOUT 50 _t 12:44:54:09 YEARS IN --ZO,[PQA m¦