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_t 11:57:09:15
WE CAN GET YOUR QUESTIONS

_t 11:57:09:23
INVOLVED AS WELL.

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TO FOLKS WATCHING AROUND THE

_t 11:57:10:09
UNITED STATES, LET'S SAY HI TO

_t 11:57:10:19
THE FOLKS AT OUR SMITHSONIAN

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AFFILIATION PARTNER AT THE

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UNDERGROUND RAILROAD FREEDOM

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CENTER IN CINCINNATI, OHIO,

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THEY'RE WATCHING AND THE HEINTZ HISTORY

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CENTER IN PENNSYLVANIA, IN

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PITTSBURGH, ANOTHER SMITHSONIAN AFFILIATE.

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ALSO AT PRESIDENT LINCOLN'S COTTAGE, THE SITE WHERE HE

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DEVELOPED THE EMANCIPATION

_t 11:57:19:05
PROCLAMATION AND THE UNITED

_t 11:57:21:06
STATES EMBASSY YOUTH

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COURTS PROGRAM FROM MALTA, ZAMBIA AND

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LAOS, LET'S WELCOME THEM.

_t 11:57:31:14
[APPLAUSE]

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NOW LET'S GET TO THE PANEL, THIS

_t 11:57:34:26
GREAT PANEL.

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FIRST OF ALL, TO MY LEFT, IS KEN MORRIS.

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KEN IS THE FOUNDER AND PRESIDENT

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OF THE FREDERICK DOUGLASS FAMILY

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FOUNDATION, A NONPROFIT

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ORGANIZATION DEDICATED TO ENDING

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MODERN-DAY SLAVERY AND HE IS

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ALSO THE GREAT, GREAT, GRANDSON

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OF FREDERICK DOUGLAS AND THE

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GREAT GREAT GRANDSON OF BOOKER

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WASHINGTON.

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TO HIS LEFT, IS LOIS BROWN, THE CLASS OF 1958 DISTINGUISHED

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PROFESSOR AT WESLEYAN UNIVERSITY

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AND AN ADVISOR ON THE AMERICAN EXPERIENCE 

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DOCUMENTARY, THE ABOLITIONISTS.

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TO HER LEFT, IS 17 YEAR OLD IS ANNA ALARCON, A SENIOR

_t 11:58:11:18
AT THE METROPOLITAN LEARNING CENTER IN HARDFORD, CONNECTICUT AND PRESIDENT OF THE 
STUDENTS AGAINST STOPPING SLAVERY. AND

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AMBASSADOR LUIS CDEBACA IS HEAD OF THE

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UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF STATE, OFFICE OF

_t 11:58:20:14
MONITORING AND COMBATING

_t 11:58:21:23
TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS.

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AMBASSADOR, LET'S GET OUR

_t 11:58:24:14
DEFINITIONS STRAIGHT.

_t 11:58:25:05
WHAT IS THE MODERN-DAY

_t 11:58:28:18
DEFINITION OF SLAVERY?

_t 11:58:29:12
>> WELL, WE USE THESE EUPHEMISMS

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IN DIPLOMACY TO WE CAN TALK ABOUT IT

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AND THIS NOTION OF HUMAN

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TRAFFICKING IS BROADLY DEFINED

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BY THE UNITED STATES AS ALL OF

_t 11:58:41:03
THE ACTIVITIES IN RECRUITING

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SOMEBODY INTO MOVING THEM INTO

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OR HOLDING THEM IN A CONDITION

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OF COMPELLED SERVICE.

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WHAT WE'RE TALKING ABOUT IS FOLKS WHO CAN'T LEAVE

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SERVICE, WHETHER IT'S BECAUSE OF A DEBT OR

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BECAUSE OF THREATS OF VIOLENCE.

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SLAVERY IS NOT LEGAL ANYWHERE IN

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THE WORLD ANYMORE BUT THE LAST

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COUNTRY TO ABOLISH IT WAS ONLY

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7 YEARS AGO IN MORATANIA.

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SO THIS IS A NEW THING IN A LOT

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OF PARTS OF THE WORLD BUT WE'RE

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COMING OUT AND SAYING, WE CAN'T

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HOLD SOMEBODY ELSE AS A SLAVE.

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SADLY THERE ARE ABOUT 27 MILLION

_t 11:59:14:02
PEOPLE STILL AROUND THE WORLD

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WHO ARE SUFFERING WITH THIS AND

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THERE HAVE BEEN CASES, AND WE'RE

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ABOUT THREE BLOCKS FROM THE WHITE

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HOUSE TODAY, THERE HAVE BEEN

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CASES WITHIN FIVE MILES OF WHERE

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WE'RE SITTING OF BOTH FOREIGN

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KIDS HERE IN THE UNITED STATES

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AND AMERICANS WHO HAVE BEEN HELD

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IN SLAVERY.

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>> HOW IS IT?

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WHAT ARE THE CRACKS IN THE

_t 11:59:36:06
MODERN-DAY CRIMINAL SYSTEM OR

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THE JUSTICE SYSTEM THAT ALLOW THIS

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TO EXIST?

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>> I THINK SOMETIMES IT COMES

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DOWN TO, THERE'S A ZONE OF

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IMPUNITY WHERE IMMIGRANT

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COMMUNITIES, IN MARGINALIZED,

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MINORITY COMMUNITIES AND OTHERS,

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THAT THE POLICE DON'T

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REALLY PROTECT FOLKS IN THOSE

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COMMUNITIES.

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WE SEE THAT ALL OVER THE WORLD

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AND HERE IN THE UNITED STATES SO

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PART OF IT IS MAKING SURE THAT THE POLICE REALIZE THAT 

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A CRIME HAPPENS TO SOMEONE, NO

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MATTER WHO THEY ARE OR WHERE THEY'RE FROM AND

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THAT'S THE IMPORTANT THING, AND NEEDS TO BE STOPPED

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FOR THE LAST 150 YEARS, TOO OFTEN

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WE'D HAVE WHAT USED TO BE CALLED PEONAGE, DEBT BONDAGE, SHARECROPPING OR

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WHATEVER WE CALL IT, THE LOCAL

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SHERIFFS WOULD LET THAT HAPPEN

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BECAUSE IT WAS HAPPENING TO

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BLACK FOLKS AND THEY DIDN'T

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CARE IF THE CRIME WAS HAPPENING AGAINST THEM.

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AND A LOT OF WAYS THOSE JOBS IN

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THE FIELDS OF AMERICA HAVE BEEN

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REPLACED WITH LATINO IMMIGRANTS. THE SAME FIELDS, MAYBE EVEN THE SAME 

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FARMERS, PICKING THE SAME CROPS BUT NOW

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IT'S HISPANICS. WELL THE SAME THING, THE LOCAL POLICE MAYBE NEVER GO OUT 
PROTECT THOSE PEOPLE.

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SO PART OF IT IS JUST STANDING UP AND SAYING THE GOVERNMENT NEEDS TO
PROTECT EVERYBODY.

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>> THIS IS A LITTLE BIT OF A CONTROVERSIAL QUESTION

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BUT DO SOME OF THESE PEOPLE THAT

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YOU'RE TALKING ABOUT, DO THEY SEE

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THEMSELVES AS SLAVES?

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DO THEY SEE THEMSELVES THAT WAY?

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>> I THINK A LOT OF THEM SEE

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THEMSELVES AS WORKING HARD TO

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MAKE A BETTER LIFE FOR THEIR

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FAMILY.

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THEY KNOW IT'S WRONG THAT

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THE BOSS IS THREATENING THEM AND

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IT'S WRONG THAT THE BOSS IS GOING TO TRY TO HUNT SOMEBODY

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DOWN IF THEY TRY TO LEAVE

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WITHOUT PAYING OFF THEIR DEBT,

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THEY KNOW IT'S WRONG THEY MAY BE

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GETTING SEXUALLY ABUSED. BUT IF

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YOU ASK THEM STRAIGHT OUT, "ARE

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YOU A SLAVE?" THEY PROBABLY WON'T

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SAY YES.

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THEY WILL SAY I'M BEING

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TERRIBLY MISTREATED AND I CAN'T

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LEAVE.

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PART OF IT IS THAT NOTION OF HOW

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DO WE DEFINE SLAVERY IN THE

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WORLD WHERE IT'S BEEN ILLEGAL

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FOR SO LONG.

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>> PROFESSOR, LET'S BRING YOU IN

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TERMS OF THE HISTORICAL

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DEFINITION OF SLAVERY.

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WHEN YOU TALK TO YOUR STUDENTS,

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HOW DO YOU TALK TO THEM ABOUT IT?

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>> ONE OF THE THINGS THAT IS SO IMPORTANT TO REALIZE ABOUT IS THAT IT'S 
ALL ABOUT

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POSSESSION.

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IT'S ALL ABOUT WORTH.

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AND IF YOU'RE TALKING ABOUT

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SLAVERY YOU'RE TALKING ABOUT

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ECONOMICS, YOU'RE TALKING ABOUT MONEY.

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ONE OF THE GREAT POINTS THAT

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SHOULD STOP US IN OUR TRACKS IS

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THAT DURING THE 19th CENTURY,

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THE ONLY THING IN AMERICA WORTH

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MORE THAN THE LAND ITSELF IN

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THIS NATION WERE PEOPLE WHO WERE

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ENSLAVED AND THAT THEY

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REPRESENTED THIS INCREDIBLE

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CAPITAL AND WERE ESSENTIAL TO

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THE FOUNDATIONS OF THE AMERICAN

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ECONOMY, THEY WERE ESSENTIAL TO

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THE EXPORT OF GOODS ABROAD.

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INDUSTRY DEPENDED UPON THEM AND

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THAT'S WHERE WE BEGIN TO DEFINE SLAVERY.

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SO CHATTEL SLAVERY AS IT WAS

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CALLED IN THE 19th CENTURY,

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THE WORD CHATTEL IS DEFINED AS

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POSSESSION.

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SO IN THAT SENSE, SOMEBODY WHO

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CAN'T GET AWAY MAY NOT IMAGINE

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THEMSELVES AS BEING POSSESSED BY

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ANOTHER, BUT THAT'S A HALLMARK

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OF THE 19th CENTURY AND 18th

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CENTURY DEFINITION OF SLAVERY.

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AND THEN SLAVERY ITSELF, WHAT DOES IT

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MEAN TO ENSLAVE SOMEONE?

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IT MEANS TO REDUCE THEM TO A

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PARTICULARLY CONFINING AND VERY

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ONE-DIMENSIONAL STATE OF BEING.

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IT'S AN EXISTENCE WHERE THEY

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HAVE NO HUMANITY, THEY HAVE NO

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SPIRIT WORTH RECOGNIZING IT'S

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A CURIOUS BALANCE BECAUSE AT

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THE SAME TIME THEY HAVE VALUE

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AND THEY REPRESENT CAPITAL AND

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THEY CAN BE PURCHASED AND SOLD,

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SOLD TO RECOVER DEBTS, AND AT

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THE SAME TIME THERE'S AN

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ARGUMENT THAT THEY ARE WORTH

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NOTHING, RIGHT, THAT THEY CAN

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JUST BE SET ASIDE.

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SO WE HAVE A REAL TENSION WHEN

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WE COME TO DEFINE SLAVERY

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BECAUSE IT DEPENDS ON HUMAN

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BODIES AND IT DEPENDS ON AN IDEA THAT THEY ARE NOT HUMAN.

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SO THATS PART OF THE TENSION.

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>> THAT'S INTERESTING WHEN YOU

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TALK ABOUT DESCRIBING SOMETHING

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AND SOMEONE AS BEING AND HAVING

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NOTHINGNESS.

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CAN YOU TALK ABOUT WHY THAT IS

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SO IMPORTANT AND WHY THAT WAS SO

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IMPORTANT TO KEEP THE SLAVE

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TRADE ALIVE? THE SENSE THAT THESE PEOPLE AREN'T PEOPLE, THEY DON'T
HAVE SOULS, THEY'RE NOTHING.

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>> WHEN WE IMAGINE THE 19th

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CENTURY AND AS WE BEGIN TO GET

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INTO THE STORIES OF THOSE WHO EMERGED FROM THE MIDDLE PASSAGE, WHICH

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WAS LITERALLY THE MIDDLE PIECE

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OF THE VOYAGE FROM AFRICAN

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HOMELANDS TO THE NEW WORLD IN

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AMERICA, SO MUCH OF WHAT COMES

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ACROSS ARE THE ABSOLUTELY --

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JUST THE TERRIFYING, HORRIFYING

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NATURE OF THE TRADE, THE REALLY

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AWFUL WRENCHING MOMENTS OF THE

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SLAVE AUCTION.

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AND IT'S IMPOSSIBLE TO IMAGINE

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THAT YOU COULD DO THAT KIND OF

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WORK, ROUNDING PEOPLE UP,

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MANAGING, ORGANIZING SALES,

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NEGOTIATING, AND YOU'RE NOT

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DOING THAT IN SILENCE.

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YOU ARE DOING THAT AS PEOPLE ARE

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CRYING OUT FOR LOVED ONES, YOU

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ARE DOING THAT AS INDIVIDUALS

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ARE TRYING TO PRESERVE TIES THAT

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ARE TENUOUS.

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IN ORDER TO DO THAT WORK, YOU HAVE TO

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TO CEASE TO SEE THEM AS PEOPLE.

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YOU HAVE TO REDEFINE ALL

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TOGETHER.

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BECAUSE YOU HAVE TO LITERALLY

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SHUT YOUR HEART DOWN BECAUSE YOU

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BEGIN TO INTELLECTUALIZE IT, I'M

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JUST DOING A JOB, I'M NOT GOING

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TO LISTEN, I'M NOT GOING TO HEAR

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OR UNDERSTAND THAT YOU LOST YOUR

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CHILD:  NO, THAT DOESN'T FACTOR IN TO ME. I HAVE NUMBERS AND I'VE GOT
PARTICULAR KINDS OF

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QUOTAS TO MEET.

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SO THE WAY -- I THINK IT COMES

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DOWN TO, IS A STRATEGY TO

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PERPETUATE SLAVERY AND WHAT WE

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FIND IN THE STUDIES OF THE

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19th CENTURY IN PARTICULAR IS

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THAT THE MOMENT YOU INTRODUCE

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PEOPLE, TO SCENES, TO PEOPLE, TO THE REALITY, THAT ONCE PEOPLE SAW IT,

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THEY COULD NO LONGER WALK AWAY.

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IT WASN'T ABOUT LAW, IT WAS ABOUT THE LAWS OF THE HEART

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NOT THE LAWS OF THE HEAD OR OF THE MARKETPLACE.

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>> THERE ARE MICROPHONES ALL

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THROUGHOUT THE AUDITORIUM, SO

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EVEN IF YOU'RE WHISPERING IT'S

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GETTING PICKED UP ON THE WEBCAST

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SO WE WILL ASK YOU TO QUIET

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DOWN.

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>> ONE OF THE THINGS THAT IS

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INTERESTING, AMBASSADOR, IS HOW THE PROFESSOR WAS SPEAKING ABOUT HOW
ALL OF THIS IS ALL OUT IN

_t 12:05:45:15
THE OPEN AND WHAT YOU HAVE BEEN

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DESCRIBING IS SOMETHING THAT IS

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BEHIND CLOSED DOORS.

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IS THAT THE BIGGEST DIFFERENCE?

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>> I THINK SO.

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ONE OF THE THINGS THAT THE

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FRAMERS OF THE 13th AMENDMENT

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RECOGNIZED IS THAT IF YOU MAKE

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IT SO SLAVERY IS ILLEGAL, THERE

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WILL STILL BE PEOPLE WHO TRY TO

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KEEP DOING IT. SO THAT'S WHY THE

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13th AMENDMENT SAYS BOTH SLAVERY

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AND INVOLUNTARY SERVITUDE SHALL NOT EVER

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EXIST AND THAT NOTION OF SOMEONE WHO IS DOING

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THIS ON THEIR OWN WITHOUT THE

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GOVERNMENT APPROVING OF IT

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ANYMORE.

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THE REALITY IS, SOMETIMES IT'S

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OUT IN THE OPEN AND SOMETIMES WE DON'T EVEN SEE

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IT IN FRONT OF OUR FACE.

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WE HAD, WHEN I WAS IN THE CIVIL RIGHTS DIVISION OF THE

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JUSTICE DEPARTMENT, YOU KNOW, I

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DID INVESTIGATIONS INTO WOMEN

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WHO ARE BEING HELD CAPTIVE IN

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STRIP CLUBS AND MADE TO DANCE IN THE

_t 12:06:34:22
STRIP CLUBS.

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THEY CAME TO THE UNITED STATES THINKING THEY WERE GOING TO BE ON A

_t 12:06:39:02
STUDENT EXCHANGE PROGRAM FOR THE

_t 12:06:40:03
STATE DEPARTMENT AND INSTEAD

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THEY END UP IN DETROIT DANCING.

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YOU KNOW THE POLICE WERE GOING

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TO THOSE CLUBS AND THEY JUST

_t 12:06:46:13
THOUGHT THESE WERE BEAUTIFUL

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RUSSIAN WOMEN, WORKING IN THAT

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CLUB.THE GIRLS WERE SCARED ENOUGH, THEY WEREN'T GOING TO TELL ANYBODY.

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SO IT WAS RIGHT THERE OUT IN THE OPEN, BUT THE

_t 12:06:56:14
GUYS GOING THERE WERE NOT SEEING

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IT.

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WHEN WE DRIVE BY A FIELD IN THE SOUTHEAST AND

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SEE A BUNCH OF MIGRANT WORKERS, IT'S EASIER

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NOT TO ASK THE QUESTION.

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SO IT'S HIDDEN BUT KIND OF

_t 12:07:06:19
HIDING IN PLAIN SITE IN A

_t 12:07:10:10
COUNTERINTUITIVE WAY BECAUSE

_t 12:07:11:08
IT'S EASIER FOR US TO COME UP

_t 12:07:13:05
WITH A WAY NOT TO SEE IT. BECAUSE

_t 12:07:15:05
THAT NOTION OF CONFRONTING

_t 12:07:16:24
THEM, CONFRONTING THEIR REALITIES, SEEING THEIR HUMANITY.

_t 12:07:18:23
BUT I THINK THE FOUNDERS

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AND THE FOLKS WHO PUT TOGETHER

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ABOLITION FOR US GAVE US THE

_t 12:07:25:09
TOOLS TO ACTUALLY UNDO IT TODAY

_t 12:07:27:12
BECAUSE THEY RECOGNIZED THAT THIS

_t 12:07:29:02
WOULD HAPPEN, THAT THIS KIND OF

_t 12:07:33:08
UNDERGROUND SLAVERY WOULD HAPPEN

_t 12:07:34:08
IN THE ABSENCE OF LEGAL SLAVERY.

_t 12:07:36:04
>> PROFESSOR, WE MENTIONED THAT

_t 12:07:37:28
YOU WERE A CONSULTANT ON THIS

_t 12:07:41:11
DOCUMENTARY THE ABOLITIONISTS

_t 12:07:43:23
AND WE'D LOVE FOR YOU TO SET UP A CLIP.

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>> WHAT WE'RE ABOUT TO SEE

_t 12:07:47:12
UNDERSCORES THE POWER OF

_t 12:07:49:18
TESTIMONY, THE POWER OF YOUR

_t 12:07:50:22
VOICE.

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WE WILL SEE FREDERICK DOUGLASS (MOTIONS TO KEN MORRIS).

_t 12:07:53:16
WE WILL SEE FREDERICK DOUGLASS

_t 12:07:55:27
WALKING AND TALKING WITH WILLIAM

_t 12:08:00:16
LLOYD GARRISON, THE EDITOR OF THE

_t 12:08:03:13
NATION'S MOST INFLUENTIAL

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NEWSPAPER, THE LIBERATOR, BASED

_t 12:08:06:20
IN BOSTON AND MR. DOUGLASS HAS

_t 12:08:09:12
COME NANTUCKET TO HEAR MR. GARRISON SPEAK

_t 12:08:11:17
AND AT THAT MEETING, FREDERICK

_t 12:08:13:18
DOUGLASS MAKES HIS DEBUT AS AN

_t 12:08:16:28
ORATOR IN THE ABOLITIONIST

_t 12:08:19:06
MOVEMENT. AND WE'RE ABOUT TO SEE

_t 12:08:20:19
HOW THESE TWO MEN THAT COME TO

_t 12:08:22:15
THIS SITUATION VERY DIFFERENTLY

_t 12:08:23:19
BEGIN TO FORM A PARTNERSHIP AND

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BEGIN THE WORK OF ABOLITION

_t 12:08:28:11
TOGETHER.

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LET'S SEE IT.

_t 12:08:30:20
[CLIP PLAYED]

_t 12:08:53:06
 §

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§ .

_t 12:09:29:12
>> MR. DOUGLASS?

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I HAVE NEVER SEEN AN AUDIENCE SO

_t 12:09:41:09
CAPTIVATED.

_t 12:09:41:14
I, MYSELF, WAS CARRIED AWAY AS YOU SAW.

_t 12:09:43:24
>> I WAS SO NERVOUS I COULD

_t 12:09:46:02
BARELY STAND.

_t 12:09:46:22
>> YOU WERE WONDERFUL.

_t 12:09:47:14
IF YOU DON'T MIND MY ASKING, HOW

_t 12:09:50:24
DID YOU

_t 12:09:52:11
FIRST REALIZE THAT YOU WERE A

_t 12:09:53:25
SLAVE?

_t 12:10:01:29
>> SLOWLY... I WAS RAISED BY MY

_t 12:10:04:18
GRANDMOTHER WHO LIVED FAR FROM

_t 12:10:06:07
THE SLAVE QUARTERS AND SO I

_t 12:10:09:13
DIDN'T KNOW WHAT WENT ON THERE.

_t 12:10:14:23
ONE DAY, WHEN I WAS 6 YEARS OLD,

_t 12:10:19:09
MY GRANDMOTHER WAS TOLD TO WALK

_t 12:10:21:25
ME TO THE WORKHOUSE NEAR THE

_t 12:10:26:04
MASTER'S PLACE.

_t 12:10:27:15
SHE SENT ME OVER TO PLAY WITH

_t 12:10:29:11
THE OTHER CHILDREN AND ABANDONED

_t 12:10:32:02
ME THERE.

_t 12:10:32:10
>> DEAR LORD.

_t 12:10:32:28
>> SHE LOVED ME BUT SHE HAD NO

_t 12:10:39:13
CHOICE.

_t 12:10:39:18
>> WHAT A HORRIBLE,

_t 12:10:43:28
A HORRIBLE CRIME.

_t 12:10:48:03
AN INNOCENT CHILD.

_t 12:10:50:15
WHY WERE YOU RAISED BY YOUR

_t 12:10:52:08
GRANDMOTHER?

_t 12:10:52:15
WHAT ABOUT YOUR MOTHER?

_t 12:10:53:18
>> MY MOTHER? I ONLY SAW HER A

_t 12:10:59:02
FEW TIMES AT NIGHT.

_t 12:11:02:18
SHE WAS TAKEN AWAY AFTER I WAS

_t 12:11:04:22
BORN, TO WORK AS A FIELD HAND

_t 12:11:08:08
12 MILES AWAY.

_t 12:11:10:12
SHE WALKED ALL THE WAY BACK A

_t 12:11:13:13
HANDFUL OF TIMES.

_t 12:11:14:11
BUT EVEN SO, THEY NEVER LET ME

_t 12:11:18:06
KNOW HER ENOUGH TO REALLY LOVE HER.

_t 12:11:22:29
THAT LEFT A HOLE, I CAN'T

_t 12:11:24:22
EXPRESS IT.

_t 12:11:24:27
>> MY MOTHER LEFT ME, TOO.

_t 12:11:29:24
I WAS 5, SHE WORKED IN

_t 12:11:32:16
ANOTHER TOWN FOR A FEW YEARS, I

_t 12:11:36:10
MISSED HER TERRIBLY.

_t 12:11:38:07
BUT THAT WAS NOTHING COMPARED

_t 12:11:40:10
WITH --

_t 12:11:40:15
>> IT'S NEVER NOTHING.

_t 12:11:44:25
>> MY DEAR MR. DOUGLASS, JOIN ME,

_t 12:11:51:03
I URGE YOU.

_t 12:11:51:24
YOU HAVE A GIFT.

_t 12:11:55:18
SIR, YOU REALLY DO.

_t 12:11:56:13
>> YOU FLATTER ME.

_t 12:11:57:24
>> NO.

_t 12:12:00:02
NO, I DON'T.

_t 12:12:02:27
>> MR. GARRISON, YOU MUST

_t 12:12:06:03
UNDERSTAND HOW UNEXPECTD THIS

_t 12:12:08:02
IS.

_t 12:12:08:07
I NEVER IMAGINED --

_t 12:12:09:02
>> YOU HAVE AN OPPORTUNITY TO

_t 12:12:15:05
STRIKE A BLOW FOR THE SLAVES

_t 12:12:17:02
WHO CONTINUE TO SUFFER AS WE

_t 12:12:23:09
SPEAK.

_t 12:12:23:18
DID THE LORD GIVE YOU THESE GIFTS

_t 12:12:25:09
SO YOU COULD SPEND YOUR LIFE

_t 12:12:28:05
WORKING IN THE SHIPYARDS?

_t 12:12:29:13
>> I SEE NOW WHY YOU ARE SUCH AN

_t 12:12:32:10
EFFECTIVE ADVOCATE.

_t 12:12:32:19
>> YOU'LL DO IT THEN!

_t 12:12:36:14
>> I THINK I WILL.

_t 12:12:47:04
[APPLAUSE]

_t 12:12:50:22
>> KEN, I KNOW YOU'RE GOING TO TELL US A LITTLE
BIT ABOUT YOUR FAMILY, BUT I HAVE TO ASK, WHAT DOES

_t 12:12:54:03
IT FEEL LIKE TO WATCH THAT?

_t 12:12:55:18
>> YOU KNOW IT'S VERY HARD TO

_t 12:12:57:17
WATCH IT BECAUSE IN THAT SCENE, IN

_t 12:12:59:19
THAT CLIP, HE'S TALKING ABOUT

_t 12:13:01:22
NOT HAVING A FAMILY AND THAT HIS

_t 12:13:04:08
MOTHER WORKED ON A PLANTATION

_t 12:13:06:14
12 MILES AWAY AND IN ORDER FOR

_t 12:13:07:17
HER TO SEE HER SON, SHE WOULD

_t 12:13:09:13
HAVE TO WORK IN THE FIELDS

_t 12:13:11:09
PICKING COTTON FROM SUNUP TO SUN

_t 12:13:13:26
DOWN AND WALK 12 MILES IN THE

_t 12:13:16:15
MIDDLE OF THE NIGHT JUST TO

_t 12:13:18:03
SPEND A FEW PRECIOUS MOMENTS

_t 12:13:19:18
WITH HIM UNTIL HE FELL ASLEEP

_t 12:13:21:17
AND THEN WALK 12 MILES BACK TO THE

_t 12:13:22:23
PLANTATION SO SHE COULD BE BACK THERE

_t 12:13:24:09
WORKING BY THE TIME THE SUN CAME

_t 12:13:25:27
UP BECAUSE SHE WOULD MOST LIELY

_t 12:13:28:15
ENDURE A BRUTAL WHIPPING.

_t 12:13:31:02
SO THAT CLIP IS EMOTIONAL TO KNOW THAT MY

_t 12:13:34:24
GREAT, GREAT, GREAT GRANDFATHER GREW UP

_t 12:13:36:18
WITHOUT A FAMILY.

_t 12:13:37:10
>> I ASK YOU TO REMEMBER THERE

_t 12:13:41:02
ARE MICROPHONES ALL AROUND THE

_t 12:13:43:08
ROOM SO YOUR SMALL CONVERSATIONS ARE

_t 12:13:45:07
GETTING PICKED UP AND I ASK YOU

_t 12:13:46:21
TO GIVE YOUR FULL ATTENTION TO KEN, HE'S GOING TO TELL YOU A BIT MORE
ABOUT HIS FAMILY.

_t 12:13:49:12
>> WELL AS I WAS INTRODUCED, I AM THE GREAT, GREAT, GREAT

_t 12:13:53:02
GRANDSON OF FREDERICK DOUGLASS

_t 12:13:54:22
AND THE GREAT GREAT BOOKER T. WASHINGTON.

_t 12:13:56:18
EVERY TIME I SAY WHAT MY

_t 12:13:59:07
RELATIONSHIP IS TO THESE AMERICAN

_t 12:14:01:26
HEROS, NOT ONLY IS IT A MOUTHFUL

_t 12:14:03:19
SPITTING OUT ALL OF THOSE

_t 12:14:05:28
"GREATS" BUT IT SOMETIMES MAKES ME FEEL VERY FAR REMOVED.

_t 12:14:07:08
AND YOU MAY BE SITTING THERE

_t 12:14:09:20
HAVING A HARD TIME TRYING TO IMAGINE

_t 12:14:11:10
WHAT MY CONNECTION IS TO BOTH OF THESE

_t 12:14:12:23
MEN. BUT I BET EVERYBODY IN HERE

_t 12:14:15:25
KNOWS OR KNEW A GRANDPARENT AND

_t 12:14:17:04
MANY OF YOU MAY HAVE KNOWN

_t 12:14:19:04
KNOWN A GREAT GRANDPARENT.

_t 12:14:21:02
THAT'S HOW CLOSE I FEEL TO BOTH

_t 12:14:23:15
FREDERICK DOUGLASS AND BOOKER T

_t 12:14:26:05
WASHINGTON.

_t 12:14:26:09
MY GREAT GRANDMOTHER, FANNY DOUGLASS, TO WHOM I WAS VERY CLOSE, SHE MET

_t 12:14:29:13
FREDERICK DOUGLASS AS A LITTLE

_t 12:14:31:11
GIRL AND SHE LIVED TO BE 103

_t 12:14:33:22
YEARS OLD.

_t 12:14:34:22
AND MY AUNT PORTIA TO WHOM I WAS ALSO VERY CLOSE WAS BOOKER T WASHINGTON'S

_t 12:14:36:18
DAUGHTER. I REMEMBER BEING A

_t 12:14:37:17
LITTLE BOY AND SITTING ON MY

_t 12:14:39:13
GREAT GRANDMOTHER, FANNY DOUGLASS' LAP AND 

_t 12:14:44:07
SHE WOULD TELL ME WHAT IT WAS LIKE TO KNOW, AS SHE CALLED HIM, THE MAN

_t 12:14:45:11
WITH THE GREAT WHITE HAIR.

_t 12:14:46:21
AND I REMEMBER SITTING ON MY

_t 12:14:48:25
AUNT'S PORTIA'S LAP AND SHE WOULD TELL ME

_t 12:14:50:18
STORIES ABOUT HER FATHER BOOKER

_t 12:14:53:02
T. WASHINGTON AND WHEN I STOP TO

_t 12:14:54:18
THINK THAT HANDS THAT TOUCHED

_t 12:14:56:04
THE GREAT FREDERICK DOUGLAS AND

_t 12:14:58:02
HANDS THAT TOUCHED THE GREAT

_t 12:15:01:09
BOOKER T. WASHINGTON ALSO TOUCHED

_t 12:15:03:12
MINE, IN A SENSE I SAY I STAND

_t 12:15:05:08
JUST ONE PERSON AWAY FROM

_t 12:15:06:19
HISTORY, AND WE'RE NOT THAT FROM

_t 12:15:10:03
REMOVED FROM THIS HISTORY.

_t 12:15:12:14
>> IN TERMS OF YOUR FAMILY

_t 12:15:14:03
HISTORY YOU WERE TALKING A LITTLE BIT

_t 12:15:15:19
BACKSTAGE, YOUR FAMILY, IT'S SO

_t 12:15:17:14
PUBLIC.

_t 12:15:17:22
EVERYONE KNOWS SO MUCH ABOUT

_t 12:15:20:11
FREDERICK DOUGLASS AND SO MUCH ABOUT

_t 12:15:23:02
BOOKER T. WASHINGTON.

_t 12:15:24:11
WOULD YOU BE COMFORTABLE SHARING

_t 12:15:25:09
A FAMILY STORY WITH US?

_t 12:15:26:04
>> THERE'S A STORY I HAVE ALWAYS

_t 12:15:28:08
LIKED BECAUSE I HAVE ALWAYS BEEN

_t 12:15:30:21
FASCINATED BY HIS HAIR.

_t 12:15:33:02
HE USED TO GIVE HORSEBACK RIDES.

_t 12:15:35:08
HE HAD 21 GRANDCHILDREN.

_t 12:15:37:02
>> 21?

_t 12:15:37:20
>> 21.

_t 12:15:38:28
AND HIS GRANDKIDS WOULD GET ON

_t 12:15:40:04
HIS BACK AND HE WOULD GET DOWN

_t 12:15:41:24
ON ALL FOURS AND GIVE THEM

_t 12:15:44:29
HORSEBACK RIDES.

_t 12:15:46:02
AND DO YOU KNOW WHAT THEY WOULD

_t 12:15:47:02
USE AS REIGNS?

_t 12:15:48:08
HIS HAIR.

_t 12:15:49:03
YES.

_t 12:15:49:08
THAT'S ONE OF MY FAVORITE

_t 12:15:50:12
STORIES.

_t 12:15:50:25
ONE OF THE MOST MOVING PARTS OF

_t 12:15:53:02
THE ABOLITIONIST IS THE MOMENT

_t 12:15:54:27
THAT FREDERICK DOUGLASS HAS THAT

_t 12:15:57:02
EMOTIONAL MOMENT WHEN HE SAYS

_t 12:15:58:24
I'M NO LONGER GOING TO BE A

_t 12:16:00:22
SLAVE.

_t 12:16:01:09
CAN YOU TELL OUR AUDIENCE ABOUT THAT?

_t 12:16:02:16
>> HE SAID HE DIDN'T KNOW HE

_t 12:16:03:26
WAS A SLAVE UNTIL HE FOUND OUT

_t 12:16:06:07
HE COULDN'T DO THE THINGS HE

_t 12:16:07:08
WANTED TO DO.

_t 12:16:08:15
HE WAS BORN IN THE MOST HORRIFIC

_t 12:16:10:22
CONDITIONS A HUMAN BEING CAN BE

_t 12:16:12:16
SUBJECTED TO BUT YET THROUGH THE

_t 12:16:15:02
POWER OF EDUCATION, NOW HE NEVER

_t 12:16:17:26
SPENT ONE DAY IN HIS LIFE IN A

_t 12:16:21:07
CLASSROOM BECAUSE IT WAS ILLEGAL TO TEACH A SLAVE TO READ AND

_t 12:16:22:08
WRITE, SO HE WAS A SELF TAUGHT

_t 12:16:24:12
SCHOLAR.

_t 12:16:24:19
AND HE WOULD GO ON TO ESCAPE FROM SLAVERY

_t 12:16:27:08
AT THE AGE OF 20 AND AT THIS POINT COME IN CONTACT WITH

_t 12:16:29:27
WILLIAM LLOYD GARRISON.

_t 12:16:30:07
AND THE IMPORTANCE OF FREDERICK DOUGLASS WAS THAT HE TOLD HIS

_t 12:16:32:06
STORY BECAUSE HE EXPERIENCED AND

_t 12:16:33:11
IT LIVED IT AND HE WAS ABLE TO

_t 12:16:35:13
COMMUNICATE IT IN A WAY THAT

_t 12:16:36:21
NOBODY ELSE, NO FUGITIVE SLAVE BEFORE

_t 12:16:39:12
HIM, HAD EVER DONE. SO THIS

_t 12:16:41:12
REALLY PUSHED THE ABOLITIONIST

_t 12:16:43:16
MOVEMENT FORWARD BECAUSE

_t 12:16:45:25
FREDERICK DOUGLASS WAS OUT THERE

_t 12:16:47:18
TELLING HIS STORY AND OUT THERE

_t 12:16:48:14
TALKING ABOUT THE INHUMANITY OF

_t 12:16:50:27
SLAVERY THAT HE ENDURED.

_t 12:16:52:08
>> WE WILL GO TO A VIDEO QUESTION

_t 12:16:54:10
IN A MOMENT, BUT I WANT TO BRING THE PROFESSOR IN. YOU SAID VERY OFFHAND
THAT IT WAS ILLEGAL TO TEACH A SLAVE TO READ AND WRITE

_t 12:16:57:09
YOU COULD HAVE

_t 12:17:01:09
YOUR FINGER CUT OFF IF YOU WERE

_t 12:17:03:09
CAUGHT LEARNING TO READ AND

_t 12:17:04:25
WRITE.

_t 12:17:05:08
TELL THE AUDIENCE A LITTLE BIT

_t 12:17:08:02
ABOUT HOW EXTRAORDINARY IT WAS

_t 12:17:09:23
TO BE EDUCATED OR LEARN TO EVEN

_t 12:17:11:27
READ AS A SLAVE AND HOW DANGEROUS THAT

_t 12:17:12:27
COULD BE, TOO.

_t 12:17:13:17
>> WELL THERE ARE TWO THINGS, I

_t 12:17:16:18
THINK, TO REALLY UNDERSCORE HERE

_t 12:17:18:10
AND THAT IS THAT -- AS SLAVERY IS SPREADING

_t 12:17:22:17
ACROSS THE UNITED STATES YOU

_t 12:17:24:15
ALSO HAVE COMMUNITIES OF FREE

_t 12:17:26:04
PEOPLE OF COLOR WHO ARE VALUING

_t 12:17:28:10
EDUCATION AND DOING THEIR BEST

_t 12:17:30:03
TO OVERCOME THE SEGREGATION AND DISENFRANCHISMENT AND THE 

_t 12:17:34:06
LACK OF FUNDING FOR SCHOOLS SCHOOLS FOR

_t 12:17:36:06
CHILDREN OF COLOR.

_t 12:17:37:07
IN THOSE COMMUNITIES AS PEOPLE

_t 12:17:39:05
EMANCIPATE THEMSELVES FROM

_t 12:17:40:15
SLAVERY AND COME NORTH ONE OF

_t 12:17:42:02
THE FIRST THINGS THAT YOU BEGIN

_t 12:17:43:13
TO SEE HAPPENING ARE SCHOOLS FOR

_t 12:17:45:21
OLDER LADIES, SCHOOLS FOR

_t 12:17:48:02
GENTLEMEN, SCHOOLS FOR CHILDREN,

_t 12:17:49:24
NIGHT SCHOOLS, EXHIBITIONS, BUT TIME AND TIME

_t 12:17:53:05
AGAIN, YOU REALIZE THAT THE

_t 12:17:57:05
PROHIBITION ON LEARNING, ON

_t 12:18:00:16
ORGANIZED AND PUBLIC EDUCATION

_t 12:18:01:06
FOR PEOPLE OF AFRICAN DECENT AND

_t 12:18:05:04
THOSE WHO WERE ENSLAVED HAD

_t 12:18:06:29
EVERYTHING TO DO WITH THE FACT

_t 12:18:08:02
IF YOU LEARNED YOUR LESSONS, IF YOU

_t 12:18:10:24
LEARNED AND WERE ABLE TO READ

_t 12:18:12:13
AND WRITE, YOU COULD WRITE

_t 12:18:16:15
YOURSELF OUT OF SLAVERY. LITERALLY!

_t 12:18:19:14
BECAUSE SLAVERY WAS JUST WORDS.

_t 12:18:22:07
YOU COULD WRITE A PATH, YOU COULD WRITE YOUR HISTORY, YOU COULD WRITE
YOUR STORY AS

_t 12:18:26:10
FREDERICK DOUGLASS AND SO MANY

_t 12:18:27:17
OTHERS DID.

_t 12:18:28:02
AND THE MOMENT YOU HAVE A

_t 12:18:30:02
VISIBLE TEXT, YOU HAVE EVIDENCE,

_t 12:18:33:13
THE GAME CHANGES.

_t 12:18:34:11
SO WHAT WE SEE IS THIS INSISTENCE

_t 12:18:41:07
AND IT'S BRUTAL SO YOU COULD BE

_t 12:18:43:03
PUT TO DEATH.

_t 12:18:43:24
YOU COULD LOSE LIMBS, YOU COULD LOSE FINGERS, YOU COULD

_t 12:18:46:02
BE BRANDED, YOU COULD BE SOLD, THE TYRANNY OF IT

_t 12:18:49:06
WAS HORRIBLE.

_t 12:18:50:10
SO FOR EVERY LETTER LEARNED, EVERY LETTER,

_t 12:18:55:24
EVERY LINE, EVERY WORD, EVERY SOURCE, AND

_t 12:18:59:15
ALL THE WAYS IN WHICH ENSLAVED PEOPLE MANAGED TO GATHER

_t 12:19:02:02
KNOWLEDGE AND THAT'S ONE OF THE

_t 12:19:03:08
MOST IMPORTANT THINGS ABOUT 

_t 12:19:05:07
FREDERICK DOUGLASS, THE WAY IN WHICH 

_t 12:19:06:13
HE GATHERED THAT TOGETHER.

_t 12:19:07:28
BUT WHEN YOU THINK OF SOMEBODY LIKE

_t 12:19:10:15
NAT TURNER, IN 1831 HE LEADS ONE OF THE

_t 12:19:14:12
LARGEST SLAVE REVOLTS IN AMERICA AND

_t 12:19:15:23
HE IS LITERATE.

_t 12:19:17:11
AND AFTER THAT REVOLT, EVERYBODY

_t 12:19:20:21
THAT IS PRO SLAVERY SAYS THAT IS

_t 12:19:23:19
IT, LITERACY EQUALS REVOLT

_t 12:19:26:28
EQUALS FREEDOM. SO THEY SHUT IT DOWN COMPLETELY 

_t 12:19:28:25
AND DRACONIAN LAWS CAME INTO EFFECT

_t 12:19:30:28
AFTER THAT.

_t 12:19:31:05
>> WE HAVE A LOT OF PEOPLE

_t 12:19:32:22
JOINING US AROUND THE COUNTRY.

_t 12:19:34:02
WE WILL GO TO A VIDEO QUESTION

_t 12:19:35:20
FROM THE NATIONAL UNDERGROUND RELIEF FREEDOM

_t 12:19:38:11
CENTER. IS IT ALLIE?

_t 12:19:38:17
ALLIE, ARE YOU THERE?

_t 12:19:40:06
>> I'M ALLIE FROM VILLA MADONNA ACADEMY IN VILLA HILLS

_t 12:19:44:25
KENTUCKY.

_t 12:19:45:26
ABOLITIONISTS FROM 1800'S AND

_t 12:19:47:19
LEADERS FROM THE CIVIL RIGHTS

_t 12:19:48:27
MOVEMENT DEVELOPED THEIR OWN PLANS

_t 12:19:50:18
FOR SOCIAL JUSTICE.

_t 12:19:51:13
WHAT ARE SOME KEYS SIMILARITIES

_t 12:19:53:28
AND

_t 12:19:54:23
DIFFERENCES IN THOSE MOVEMENTS

_t 12:19:56:08
AND HOW CAN WE USE THESE

_t 12:19:58:18
SIMILARITIES TO GET INVOLVED IN

_t 12:19:59:17
THE NETWORK TO FIGHT MODERN-DAY

_t 12:20:02:21
SLAVERY?

_t 12:20:02:25
>> AMBASSADOR, DO YOU WANT TO 

_t 12:20:05:02
DIVE IN.

_t 12:20:05:16
>> YEAH, I THINK THAT ONE OF THE THINGS THAT IS

_t 12:20:06:21
IMPORTANT TO REALIZE ABOUT THE

_t 12:20:08:02
CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT WHICH WE

_t 12:20:09:18
LOOSELY THINK OF AS SOMETHING

_t 12:20:10:26
FROM THE 60s, AND THAT'S

_t 12:20:13:13
BECAUSE IT STARTED HAVING

_t 12:20:15:02
SUCCESSES IN THE 60s.

_t 12:20:16:21
IN MANY WAYS THE CIVIL RIGHTS

_t 12:20:18:13
MOVEMENT IN AMERICA CAN DATE

_t 12:20:21:04
BACK TO -- ALL THE WAY BACK

_t 12:20:22:17
TO THE ABOLITIONISTS WITHOUT ANY BREAK IN IT.

_t 12:20:25:14
BUT WHEN WE'RE TALKING ABOUT THE CIVIL

_t 12:20:27:02
RIGHTS MOVEMENT WE'RE LARGELY

_t 12:20:29:02
TALKING ABOUT THINGS ARE UNDER THE

_t 12:20:30:11
14th AND 15th AMENDMENT,

_t 12:20:33:02
THINGS LIKE ACCESS TO EDUCATION,

_t 12:20:34:09
EQUALITY IN BEING ABLE TO

_t 12:20:35:26
VOTE, ALL OF THOSE THINGS.

_t 12:20:38:12
BUT YOU'RE PREDICATED ON THE

_t 12:20:41:17
13TH AMENDMENT COMING INTO FULL

_t 12:20:42:23
FORCE. SO IT'S NO SURPRISE THAT

_t 12:20:44:19
THE WORK OF THE CIVIL RIGHTS

_t 12:20:48:24
MOVEMENT WITH WESTMINISTER SCHOOL DISTRICT CASE, WITH BROWN VERSUS

_t 12:20:52:09
BOARD OF EDUCATION, WITH THE BUS

_t 12:20:55:06
BOYCOTTS AND OTHER THINGS THAT

_t 12:20:57:05
HAPPENED THROUGHOUT THE 50s

_t 12:20:58:20
FOLLOW ON A VERY IMPORTANT

_t 12:21:00:17
SUPREME COURT CASE IN 1946 WHICH

_t 12:21:03:11
FINALLY MAKES IT ILLEGAL FOR THE

_t 12:21:06:02
SOUTHERN SHERIFF TO GO OUT AND

_t 12:21:08:06
ROUND UP ALL OF THE YOUNG BLACK

_t 12:21:10:19
MEN THREE WEEKS BEFORE THE

_t 12:21:12:20
HARVEST AND THEN LET THE

_t 12:21:14:27
PLANTATION OWNERS BAIL THEM OUT

_t 12:21:16:25
FROM THEIR CRIMINAL CHARGES.

_t 12:21:18:08
THAT REALLY IS THE FINAL NAIL IN

_t 12:21:22:05
THE COFFIN OF LEGAL SLAVERY,

_t 12:21:25:10
80 PLUS YEARS AFTER THE CIVIL WAR.

_t 12:21:27:18
IT'S NOT UNTIL THE BACK OF THE

_t 12:21:31:05
SHARECROPPER SYSTEM AND THE BACK OF 

_t 12:21:32:24
SLAVERY IS BROKEN THAT THE OTHER

_t 12:21:34:14
CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT COULD

_t 12:21:35:22
HAPPEN.

_t 12:21:36:03
TO ME WHAT IT TELLS US IN A

_t 12:21:39:11
MODERN ABOLITIONIST STANDPOINT IS THAT CIVIL

_t 12:21:41:23
RIGHTS -- WHETHER WE THINK OF

_t 12:21:42:21
THEM AS VOTING, EDUCATION,

_t 12:21:44:24
WHETHER WE'RE THINKING ABOUT NEW

_t 12:21:46:16
GROUPS, IMMIGRATION REFORM,

_t 12:21:49:06
WHETHER IT'S ACCESS TO MARRIAGE,

_t 12:21:50:18
ALL OF THESE OTHER NEW THINGS

_t 12:21:52:09
THAT WE'RE THINKING ABOUT IN THE

_t 12:21:55:02
CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT TODAY

_t 12:21:56:13
CANNOT BE DIVORCED FROM THE

_t 12:21:59:12
FIGHT AGAINST MODERN SLAVERY.

_t 12:22:01:28
BECAUSE AGAIN IF YOU'RE NOT FREE

_t 12:22:04:10
THEN ACCESS TO EDUCATION OR

_t 12:22:06:15
ACCESS TO HIRING FOR LEGAL PAY

_t 12:22:09:07
IS MEANINGLESS SO I THINK THAT'S

_t 12:22:11:05
ONE OF THE THINGS THAT WE HAVE

_t 12:22:12:02
TO LEARN.

_t 12:22:12:26
THE OTHER THING OF COURSE IS THE

_t 12:22:14:22
NETWORKS THAT WERE INVOLVED.

_t 12:22:16:18
THE ABOLITIONIST NETWORK, THEY

_t 12:22:19:23
WEREN'T JUST SPENDING TIME

_t 12:22:22:02
TALKING ABOUT SLAVERY, THEY WERE ALSO TALKIGN ABOUT WOMEN'S RIGHTS.

_t 12:22:24:10
IT WAS FREDERICK DOUGLASS THAT ENDS UP BEING

_t 12:22:28:02
THE MAN THAT STANDS UP AT ONE

_t 12:22:29:23
OF THE FIRST WOMEN'S CONFERENCE, THE SENECA FALLS CONFERENCE 

_t 12:22:31:03
AND SAID IF YOU'RE FIGHTING

_t 12:22:32:12
SO HARD TO GET ME AS A BLACK MAN

_t 12:22:35:03
THE RIGHT TO VOTE AND YOU HAVE

_t 12:22:37:06
YOUR ABOLITIONIST HAT ON, WHY

_t 12:22:40:02
AREN'T WE FIGHTING TOGETHER TO

_t 12:22:41:14
GIVE YOU THE RIGHT TO VOTE AS

_t 12:22:43:25
WOMEN.

_t 12:22:44:02
I THINK IT'S A NOTION THAT WE HAVE TO

_t 12:22:46:04
WORK TOGETHER ACROSS ALL OF THE

_t 12:22:48:03
CIVIL RIGHTS COMMUNITIES, WHETHER IT'S THE

_t 12:22:51:06
LATINO COMMUNITY, AFRICAN-AMERICAN, ANY

_t 12:22:52:10
COMMUNITY THAT NEEDS THAT HELP.

_t 12:22:53:13
WE LEARNED THAT 150 YEARS AGO

_t 12:22:55:13
AND WE NEED TO DO IT AGAIN

_t 12:22:56:27
TODAY.

_t 12:22:57:02
>> IT'S INTERESTING, THERE WAS NO

_t 12:22:59:05
FACEBOOK, NO TWITTER -- I MEAN,

_t 12:23:00:18
HOW DID THESE ABOLITIONISTS

_t 12:23:03:10
CONNECT WITH EACH OTHER? KEN?

_t 12:23:05:24
>> WELL, THEY USED THE

_t 12:23:07:28
COMMUNICATION TOOLS THEY HAD AT

_t 12:23:10:02
THEIR DISPOSAL AT THE TIME.

_t 12:23:12:10
FREDERICK DOUGLASS GAVE SPEECHES.

_t 12:23:13:08
HE PUBLISHED THE NORTH STAR NEWSPAPER, WHICH WAS THE LEADING
ABOLITIONIST VOICE.

_t 12:23:16:29
THEY PASSED OUT LEAFLETS AND

_t 12:23:19:23
PAMPHLETS AND USED THE

_t 12:23:21:07
COMMUNICATION THEY HAD TO

_t 12:23:23:03
COMMUNICATE THE INHUMANITY 

_t 12:23:25:07
OF SLAVERY AND ONE OF THE THINGS

_t 12:23:27:02
WE DO IN SCHOOLS TODAY, SECONDARY SCHOOLS, IS GO IN AND TALK ABOUT

_t 12:23:28:15
THE HISTORY OF SLAVERY AND

_t 12:23:30:14
FREDERICK DOUGLASS AND THE

_t 12:23:31:22
ABOLITIONISTS AND HOW THEY WENT ABOUT

_t 12:23:34:04
ABOLISHING SLAVERY AND

_t 12:23:35:14
TRANSITION INTO THIS

_t 12:23:36:28
MODERN-DAY CIVIL RIGHTS ISSUE

_t 12:23:38:09
AND SLAVERY STILL EXISTS AND

_t 12:23:39:27
WE NEED MODERN-DAY ABOLITIONISTS

_t 12:23:42:12
TO DO REALLY THE SAME THING THAT FREDERICK DOUGLASS DID

_t 12:23:44:21
AND USE THE COMMUNICATION TOOLS AT YOUR

_t 12:23:47:21
DISPOSAL.

_t 12:23:48:02
YOU GUYS POSSESS IN YOUR HANDS

_t 12:23:49:11
THE GREATEST COMMUNICATION TOOL

_t 12:23:51:20
KNOWN TO MAN AND THE WAY YOU'RE

_t 12:23:55:02
COMMUNICATING ON SOCIAL MEDIA PLATFORMS LIKE FACEBOOK AND

_t 12:23:56:27
TWITTER AND TEXT MESSAGING.

_t 12:23:58:08
THROUGH THE STROKE OF A KEY YOU

_t 12:24:00:04
CAN REACH MORE PEOPLE THAN FREDERICK

_t 12:24:03:03
DOUGLASS PROBABLY COULD HAVE REACHED IN

_t 12:24:04:04
HIS WHOLE PUBLISHING CAREER.

_t 12:24:05:04
SO THE THINGS THAT YOU DO

_t 12:24:07:08
ARE VERY POWERFUL.

_t 12:24:07:13
>> LITERATURE AS WELL AND THAT ---------------29:00

_t 12:24:08:19
WILL BRING US TO THE NEXT VIDEO

_t 12:24:10:20
CLIP.

_t 12:24:10:24
>> SO THE CLIP WE'RE ABOUT TO

_t 12:24:13:14
SEE FEATURES HARRIET BEECHER

_t 12:24:15:20
STOWE, THE AUTHOR, AS MANY OF

_t 12:24:16:28
YOU KNOW, OF "UNCLE TOM'S CABIN"

_t 12:24:20:03
AND THE POWER OF HARRIET BEECHER

_t 12:24:24:02
STOWE'S CALLING AS AN

_t 12:24:26:13
ABOLITIONIST IS PROMPTED BY WHAT

_t 12:24:27:24
SHE SAW.

_t 12:24:28:09
WE WILL SEE A CLIP WHERE SHE IN

_t 12:24:31:13
A SENSE COMES OF AGE AS A WOMAN, LIVING IN A NATION

_t 12:24:37:02
WHERE SLAVERY IS CARRIED OUT IN PUBLIC VIEW,

_t 12:24:38:11
AND WE WILL SEE HOW SHE RESPONDS

_t 12:24:40:21
AND REACTS.

_t 12:24:51:21
>> OVER THE NEXT TWO YEARS,

_t 12:24:54:20
GARRISON GRADUALLY WON ADHERENCE

_t 12:24:56:27
TO THE ANTI-SLAVERY CAUSE.

_t 12:24:59:12
ALMOST 50 ABOLITIONIST GROUPS

_t 12:25:01:02
FORMED IN 10 STATES.

_t 12:25:04:05
THEIR INFLUENCE EXTENDED FROM

_t 12:25:05:08
URBAN CENTERS LIKE PHILADELPHIA

_t 12:25:06:13
AND NEW YORK TO REMOTE

_t 12:25:10:10
SETTLEMENTS LIKE CINCINNATI, A

_t 12:25:11:19
BOOM TOWN ON THE WESTERN

_t 12:25:14:05
FRONTIER.

_t 12:25:15:29
THERE, LYMON BEECHER, ONE OF THE

_t 12:25:18:20
COUNTRY'S MOST FAMOUS PREACHERS

_t 12:25:20:02
HAD RECENTLY MOVED HIS FAMILY.

_t 12:25:23:09
BEECHER OPPOSED SLAVERY IN

_t 12:25:28:18
PRINCIPLE BUT DISTRUSTED ACTIVISTS WHO RECKLESSLY ADVOATED
IMMEDIATE ABOLITION. -- HIS 22-YEAR-OLD

_t 12:25:34:21
DAUGHTER HARRIET HAD INHERITED

_t 12:25:36:07
HIS VIEWS.

_t 12:25:36:25
THERE IS A CLASS OF

_t 12:25:38:15
PROFESSED ABOLITIONISTS IN

_t 12:25:40:06
CINCINNATI, SHE WROTE.

_t 12:25:41:04
BUT THEY ARE UNFASHIONABLE AND

_t 12:25:43:07
ARE REGARDED AS A SPECIES OF

_t 12:25:47:23
MORAL MONOMANIACS.(GIRLS HEARD LAUGHING) IN THE SPRING OF 1833, HARRIET 
AND TWO FRIENDS CROSSED OVER THE RIVER INTO NEIGHBORING KENTUCKY. SHE
HAD NEVER BEFORE VISITED A SLAVE STATE. (SLAVE AUCTIONEERS VOICE AND 
BIDDERS HEARD IN THE BACKGROUND) 
>>WHAT STOWE SEES THERE IS A HUMAN THING.
SHE SEES THESE PEOPLE AND THEY ARE HUMAN BEINGS. SHE'S CONFRONTED WITH IT
IN SUCH AN INTIMATE WAY.BUT I THINK THAT NEVER LEAVES HER.
>> ONE OF THE THINGS WE SHOULD ALSO POINT OUT ABOUT ABOLITIONISTS IS THEIR 
LIVES WERE IN DANGER AS WELL. THEY WERE TRULY BRAVE.THE ABOLITIONISTS
WERE NOT WELCOME IN THE SOUTH AND EVEN PARTS OF THE NORTH, CORRECT?
>>ABSOLUTELY, YOU KNOW ONE OF THE MYTHS ABOUT THAT MOMENT OF AMERICAN HISTORY
WHERE WE HAVE ABOLITIONISTS THAT PEOPLE WERE PRO-SLAVERY. WERE THEY PRO-SLAVERY
IN THE NORTH? ABSOLUTELY. WERE THEY ANTI-ABOLITIONIST? ABSOLUTELY. SO YOU HAVE
INDIVIDUALS WHO ARE PUTTING THEIR LIVES ON THE LINE. MANY WHO ARE EVEN DYING;
ELIJAH LOVEJOY, EDITOR OF A NEWSPAPER, HIS PRESS IS THROWN INTO THE RIVER
AND HE IS KILLED. BASICALLY, THESE PEOPLE DOING EXTRAORDINARY THINGS, WILLIAM
LLOYD GARRISON WAS ALMOST LYNCHED IN BOSTON BY A GROUP CALLED BOSTON GENTLEMAN.
SO IT HAS NOTHING TO DO WITH PLACE, IT'S ALL ABOUT THE POLITICS OF THE MOMENT.
>> EVEN HERE IN DC, THE FIRST WOMAN WHO EVER TRIED TO SET UP A SCHOOL TO 
TEACH COLORED GIRLS HAD IT BURNED DOWN. SHE HAD TO MOVE THE SCHOOL FOUR TIMES
BEFORE SHE COULD EVEN FIND A LOCATION. I THINK WE HAVE A QUESTION FROM THE 
AUDIENCE. RIGHT OVER HERE? SIR, STEP UP. 
>> HELLO. MY NAME IS HENRY ARIAS, I'M A JUNIOR AT PHELPS SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL.
MY QUESTION IS: SINCE -- GIVEN THAT UNCLE TOM'S CABIN WAS SUCH AN INFLUENTIAL
MOVING THE NATIONAL CONVERSATION ON SLAVERY, WHAT FORMS OF MODERN COMMUNICATION
SUCH AS JOURNALISM, SOCIAL MEDIA, FILMS AND LITERATURE COULD INFLUENCE THE 
MOVEMENT OF NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL AWARENESS AND THE CONVERSATION ABOUT
SLAVERY TODAY. 
>> WE WERE TALKING ABOUT EARLIER, A WEBSITE CALLED CHANGE.ORG AND THIS WILL
ANSWER YOUR QUESTION A LITTLE BIT. KEN, TELL THE AUDIENCE A LITTLE BIT 
ABOUT A PETITION THAT YOU HELPED START ON CHANGE.ORG.
>> WELL AS YOU MENTIONED, WE'RE IN THE MIDST OF THE 150TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE
SIGNING OF THE EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION AND OUR ORGANIZATION ASKED SECONDARY
SCHOOLS FROM AROUND THE COUNTRY TO COME TOGETHER TO WRITE A NEW PROCLAMATION OF
FREEDOM FOR THE VICTIMS OF TODAY'S SLAVERY, SO THIS DOCUMENT WAS WRITTEN BY
STUDENTS AND THE STUDENTS DECIDED TO TAKE THAT DOCUMENT AND TURN IT INTO A
CHANGE.ORG PETITION AND THE "ASK" IN THE DOCUMENT IS TO ASK THE US DEPARTMENT
OF EDUCATION TO HELP FACILITATE A NATIONAL HUMAN TRAFFICKING PREVENTION AND
EDUCATION PROGRAM. OBVIOUSLY PREVENTION AND EDUCAITON IS IMPORTANT SO WE CAN GET
AT THE ROOT CAUSE OF THIS PROBLEM. SO, CHANGE.ORG IS A VERY IMPORTANT WEBSITE. 

AMBASSADOR, CAN YOU GIVE US A

_t 12:29:37:11
COUPLE OF EXAMPLES?  WE WERE

_t 12:29:39:25
TALKING ABOUT INCREASED

_t 12:29:40:23
AWARENESS ABOUT THIS ISSUE AND

_t 12:29:42:02
SOME OF THE LEGAL GAINS THAT

_t 12:29:43:19
HAVE BEEN MADE IN THE PAST SEVEN

_t 12:29:45:02
OR EIGHT YEARS.

_t 12:29:45:28
>> WELL, I THINK ONE OF THE

_t 12:29:47:09
THINGS THAT WE SEE IS THAT WE

_t 12:29:49:02
BOTH HAVE CULTURAL CHANGE THAT

_t 12:29:51:15
IS HAPPENING, WHETHER IT'S

_t 12:29:53:02
CHURCH GROUPS, WHETHER IT'S

_t 12:29:56:23
THROUGH SOCIAL MEDIA, THE SLAVERY

_t 12:30:02:12
FOOTPRINT.ORG IS ONE OF THE

_t 12:30:05:02
SPONSORS OF THE MATERIALS THAT

_t 12:30:06:06
WERE PASSED OUT, BUT AT THE SAME

_t 12:30:08:17
TIME, YOU KNOW, IT DOES TAKE

_t 12:30:11:23
MASS POPULAR MEDIA, YOU KNOW,

_t 12:30:14:25
HARRIET BEECHER STOWE WAS

_t 12:30:16:14
WRITING UNCLE TOM'S CABIN

_t 12:30:17:17
BECAUSE SHE HAD A POINT TO PROVE

_t 12:30:19:10
BUT IT WAS ALSO A GOOD BOOK.

_t 12:30:21:16
AND PEOPLE WANTED TO READ IT AND

_t 12:30:23:05
IT READ'S LITTLE ARCHAIC TO A

_t 12:30:26:11
MODERN EYE BUT BACK THEN IT WAS

_t 12:30:28:02
THE FIRST TIME READERS HAD

_t 12:30:29:12
ACTUALLY THOUGHT OF SLAVES, SOME

_t 12:30:33:12
OF THEM THE FIRST TIME THEY

_t 12:30:35:04
THOUGHT OF AN AFRICAN-AMERICAN

_t 12:30:36:06
AS HAVING THE SAME HOPES AND

_t 12:30:38:02
DREAMS THAT THEY DID.

_t 12:30:39:23
NOW, YOU GET THAT KIND OF THING

_t 12:30:41:26
AND IT'S TYPICALLY GOING TO BE

_t 12:30:43:25
MADE BY HOLLYWOOD BECAUSE THEY

_t 12:30:44:24
HAVE A PROFIT MOTIVE AND THERE'S

_t 12:30:46:24
NOTHING WRONG WITH THAT.

_t 12:30:47:18
A LOT OF PEOPLE HAVE COME TO THE

_t 12:30:49:23
ANTI-SLAVERY WORK IN THE PAST

_t 12:30:51:11
FEW YEARS BECAUSE OF THE MOVIE

_t 12:30:52:20
TAKEN, WITH LIAM NEESON, WHERE HE GOES AND FIGHTS

_t 12:30:54:13
THE BAD GUYS TO GET HIS

_t 12:30:55:14
DAUGHTER BACK.

_t 12:30:56:06
IT'S NOT NECESSARILY THE MOST

_t 12:30:58:08
ACCURATE PORTRAYAL OF HUMAN

_t 12:30:59:28
TRAFFICKING.

_t 12:31:00:11
THE MOST ACCURATE PORTRAYAL OF

_t 12:31:04:18
HOW MODERN SLAVERY WORKS BUT

_t 12:31:07:13
IN SOME WAYS THAT DOESN'T MATTER BECAUSE IT CAN BRING PEOPLE IN. 
BECAUSE THEN WHETHER

_t 12:31:09:09
IT'S STUDENTS AGAINST SLAVERY OR

_t 12:31:12:21
THROUGH THE PEOPLE DOING WORK ON

_t 12:31:14:14
SOCIAL MEDIA, ETC. THEY CAN LEARN

_t 12:31:17:07
MORE ABOUT MODERN SLAVERY BY

_t 12:31:19:16
SEEING THAT. AND I THINK THAT THAT IS WHAT IS SO IMPORTANT.

_t 12:31:20:02
WE HAVE TO ENCOURAGE TV SHOWS OR

_t 12:31:23:02
HOLLYWOOD OR WHOEVER TO START

_t 12:31:24:24
BRINGING IT IN.

_t 12:31:26:22
IT HAS AN EFFECT.

_t 12:31:29:09
BECAUSE IF YOU THINK ABOUT --

_t 12:31:31:13
WE'RE DOING A LOT OF WORK IN MY

_t 12:31:35:04
OFFICE WITH WILL AND JADA SMITH

_t 12:31:37:16
AND ONE OF THE REASONS WHY THEY'RE

_t 12:31:39:09
SO INTERESTED IN HAVING THEIR

_t 12:31:40:17
FAMILY WORK ON THIS IS BECAUSE

_t 12:31:42:16
WILLOW CAME HOME AND HAD SEEN SOME THINGS

_t 12:31:46:20
IN SCHOOL AND WENT

_t 12:31:48:16
AND LOOK IT UP ONLINE AND IT

_t 12:31:50:22
SEEING KIDS HER AGE, AROUND THE

_t 12:31:52:18
WORLD, THAT WAS HAPPENING TO THEM

_t 12:31:54:07
SO THEN THEY TURN AROUND AND

_t 12:31:57:13
JADA SMITH MAKES A MUSIC VIDEO

_t 12:31:59:07
THAT TALKS ABOUT THE PLIGHT OF

_t 12:32:00:17
WOMEN IN MEXICO THAT ARE GOING THROUGH THIS.

_t 12:32:01:15
SO I CAN SAY THAT NOTION OF ART,

_t 12:32:05:09
ACTIVISM AND THEN MORE ART IS

_t 12:32:09:02
SOMETHING THAT MIMICS WHAT WE

_t 12:32:12:11
SAW WITH SLAVES, WITH THE POEMS,

_t 12:32:15:05
WITH THE NEWSPAPERS AND WITH

_t 12:32:16:11
THE BOOKS OF THE 1840S AND

_t 12:32:18:25
1850s, IN A LOT OF WAYS

_t 12:32:20:25
LIGHTENING IS STRIKING TWICE IF

_t 12:32:23:02
WE'RE ONLY READY TO WATCH IT.

_t 12:32:24:02
>> FROM OUR FOLKS WATCHING

_t 12:32:25:21
ONLINE, WE HAVE A QUESTION FROM

_t 12:32:29:18
BRIANA AND LAURA.

_t 12:32:31:02
THEY'RE AT FLOWERY BRANCH HIGH

_t 12:32:34:07
SCHOOL.

_t 12:32:34:13
HOW HAS SLAVERY EXISTED THIS

_t 12:32:36:09
LONG?

_t 12:32:42:12
>> IN PART, SLAVERY HAS

_t 12:32:44:15
EXISTED THIS LONG BECAUSE IT'S

_t 12:32:48:10
PART OF THE LARGER HUMAN

_t 12:32:52:27
CONDITION, WORK NEEDS TO BE DONE, PEOPLE HAVE AN

_t 12:32:54:05
INCLINATION TO PROFIT FROM

_t 12:32:55:24
OTHERS.

_t 12:32:56:08
WE COULD LIVE IN A WORLD THAT IS

_t 12:32:58:25
COMPLETELY AS PEACE BUT WE

_t 12:32:59:25
DON'T.

_t 12:33:00:05
WE COULD LIVE IN A WORLD WHERE

_t 12:33:02:07
EVERYBODY HAS A FAIR SHAKE AT

_t 12:33:04:23
EDUCATION, AT HOUSING, AT REALLY

_t 12:33:07:22
FOLLOWING THEIR DREAMS.

_t 12:33:08:20
WE DON'T.

_t 12:33:09:08
WE COULD LIVE IN A WORLD WHERE

_t 12:33:11:14
EVERYONE COULD VOTE FREELY, WE

_t 12:33:13:25
DON'T.

_t 12:33:14:02
SO IN MANY WAYS SLAVERY IS ONE

_t 12:33:17:25
OF THOSE REALLY UNFORTUNATE AND

_t 12:33:20:16
PERSISTENT REALITIES AND IT

_t 12:33:21:21
REQUIRES COURAGE, IT REQUIRES

_t 12:33:23:21
TIME, IT REQUIRES FAITH TO FIGHT

_t 12:33:25:27
IT AND IT REQUIRES PRESENCE OF

_t 12:33:28:13
MIND.

_t 12:33:28:18
AND YOU KNOW, WE TALKED A LOT

_t 12:33:31:19
ABOUT THE COURAGE OF

_t 12:33:33:15
ABOLITIONISTS AND CERTAINLY THAT

_t 12:33:34:19
HAS NOT CHANGED.

_t 12:33:35:22
IN ORDER TO MAKE CHANGE IN THE

_t 12:33:37:07
WORLD TODAY, YOU HAVE TO BE

_t 12:33:39:23
BRAVE, BECAUSE YOU ARE STANDING

_t 12:33:40:24
UP AND SAYING, I HAVE SEEN

_t 12:33:42:17
SOMETHING THAT I WOULD LIKE TO

_t 12:33:43:23
TALK ABOUT, AND I HAVE SEEN

_t 12:33:45:12
SOMETHING THAT I WOULD LIKE TO

_t 12:33:47:27
PROTEST, AND SOMETIMES YOU GET

_t 12:33:49:08
AN AUDIENCE, SOMETIMES YOU

_t 12:33:52:18
DON'T.

_t 12:33:52:27
AND IT'S BEING ABLE TO GO TO

_t 12:33:55:11
DISTANCE.

_t 12:33:55:17
BUT I WANTED TO FOLLOW UP, TOO,

_t 12:33:57:12
ON THE QUESTION ABOUT

_t 12:33:58:23
LITERATURE, BECAUSE IT'S SO

_t 12:33:59:24
IMPORTANT, AS WE LIVE IN THE AGE

_t 12:34:01:13
WHERE EVERYTHING IS GOING

_t 12:34:02:28
VIRTUAL, IT SEEMS, IT'S REALLY

_t 12:34:05:07
IMPORTANT TO KEEP READING BOOKS

_t 12:34:09:03
AND SOME OF THE GREATEST AND

_t 12:34:11:12
MOST TRANSFORMATIVE

_t 12:34:15:25
POLITICAL TOOLS HAVE BEEN

_t 12:34:18:03
NOVELS, HISTORICAL FICTION, SO IF YOU

_t 12:34:20:02
HAVE A MOMENT LOOK FOR A BOOK

_t 12:34:22:02
CALLED "SOMEONE KNOWS MY NAME"

_t 12:34:24:24
BY LAWRENCE HILL AND IT IS ONE

_t 12:34:26:17
OF THE MOST STUNNING AND

_t 12:34:29:15
SOBERING STORIES OF A YOUNG GIRL

_t 12:34:32:02
THAT COMES THROUGH THAT MIDDLE

_t 12:34:34:24
PASSAGE AND COMES TO AGE IN

_t 12:34:37:02
AMERICA AND THEN NOVA SCOTIA AND THEN ENGLAND. BUT IT'S

_t 12:34:39:12
THE STORIES. IT'S UNCLE TOM'S

_t 12:34:42:29
CABIN, IT'S THE NARRATIVE, IT'S

_t 12:34:44:22
THE NOVELS.

_t 12:34:45:07
AND WE HAVE TO FIND THE PASSION TO

_t 12:34:46:21
TELL THE HISTORY IN OUR OWN WAY

_t 12:34:48:12
AND THAT'S HOW SLAVERY WILL END,

_t 12:34:50:23
EVERYBODY COMING TO IT WITH AN

_t 12:34:56:03
AGENDA THAT IS TRUE TO THEM.

_t 12:34:56:08
>> SOMETHING YOU SAID THAT

_t 12:34:57:29
HIT MY EAR, AND I REMEMBER I WAS

_t 12:35:00:21
IN SOUTH CAROLINA A COUPLE OF MONTHS AGO AND I WENT TO

_t 12:35:02:06
ONE OF THE SLAVE MARTS WHERE

_t 12:35:05:12
HAVE THEY HAVE THE REAL STORIES AND 

_t 12:35:10:08
PEOPLE, SLAVES TELLING

_t 12:35:12:02
THEIR STORIES IN THEIR VOICE AND SOME PEOPLE IN THE 40S WENT AROUND AND RECORDED
BLACK SLAVES FROM THE 80S AND 90S TELLING THEIR STORIES. AND A LOT OF IT JUST

_t 12:35:13:14
CAME DOWN TO MONEY. IT CAME DOWN TO 

_t 12:35:15:23
COMMERCE.

_t 12:35:16:14
SOUTH CAROLINA WAS SO RICH AND

_t 12:35:19:15
HELPED FUND THE REVOLUTIONARY

_t 12:35:21:14
WAR. IT WAS ABOUT THEIR WAY OF LIFE, BUT IT WAS ABOUT MONEY IN

_t 12:35:23:27
THE BOTTOM LINE AND IN THIS DAY

_t 12:35:25:11
AND TIME, WHO IS MAKING THE

_t 12:35:27:19
MONEY OFF OF MODERN-DAY SLAVERY?

_t 12:35:29:18
>> WELL, I THINK THAT THE MONEY

_t 12:35:31:08
IS BEING MADE BY A NUMBER OF

_t 12:35:35:23
US.

_t 12:35:36:02
IT'S A HUGE INDUSTRY, THE UN AND

_t 12:35:40:23
OTHERS THAT HAVE RESEARCHED THIS ARE SHOWING AT ABOUT A 30

_t 12:35:43:25
PLUS BILLION DOLLARS A YEAR

_t 12:35:45:06
INDUSTRY JUST IN PROFITS FOR THE

_t 12:35:47:29
TRAFFICKERS, ABOUT $20 BILLION

_t 12:35:51:09
IN LOSSES TO THE VICTIMS. AND BECAUSE IT'S DIFFUSE,

_t 12:35:53:02
IT'S A LOT OF DIFFERENT

_t 12:35:55:11
PEOPLE.

_t 12:35:56:14
IT'S THE RICE MILL OWNDER IN INDIA WHO HAS A

_t 12:35:59:28
FAMILY WORKING FOR THEM BECAUSE

_t 12:36:01:22
THAT PERSON'S GRANDFATHER

_t 12:36:04:16
BORROWED $20 IN 1930 AND HAS

_t 12:36:07:02
NEVER BEEN ABLE, THE FAMILY HAS NEVER BEEN ABLE TO PAY THAT

_t 12:36:09:23
OFF.

_t 12:36:10:26
BUT THAT RICE MILL OWNER AND ALL OF THE

_t 12:36:12:02
PEOPLE IN THEIR SOCIAL CLASS

_t 12:36:13:16
THAT ARE DOING THAT, GET THE

_t 12:36:15:29
BENEFIT.

_t 12:36:16:06
IT'S THE CORRUPT GOVERNMENT

_t 12:36:19:11
OFFICIAL WHO OWNS THE PALM OIL

_t 12:36:21:27
PLANTATIONS OUT IN RURAL

_t 12:36:23:18
SOUTHEAST ASIA AND KNOWS THAT

_t 12:36:25:15
THE MEN THAT ARE WORKING ON

_t 12:36:27:03
THOSE PLANTATIONS AREN'T FREE TO LEAVE, THAT

_t 12:36:28:28
THEY WILL BE HUNTED

_t 12:36:30:21
DOWN, AND KILLED IF THEY TRIED

_t 12:36:32:03
TO LEAVE.

_t 12:36:32:23
AND ALSO KNOW THAT THEY'RE

_t 12:36:34:22
BRINGING IN WOMEN TO SERVE THOSE

_t 12:36:36:25
MEN IN PROSTITUTION, ENSLAVED

_t 12:36:38:29
GIRLS.

_t 12:36:39:18
SO IT'S -- I THINK IT'S

_t 12:36:41:20
SOMETHING THAT WE'VE SEEN WHERE

_t 12:36:43:14
THERE'S A BIG SYSTEMIC THING,

_t 12:36:46:03
WHETHER IT'S SEAFOOD, PALM OIL,

_t 12:36:49:22
COTTON IN CENTRAL ASIA OR BRICKS AND RICE IN INDIA,

_t 12:36:52:28
BUT THERE'S ALSO LITTLE THINGS,

_t 12:36:54:21
THE CASES THAT WE HAVE DONE

_t 12:36:56:07
AROUND HERE IN D.C. YOU KNOW,

_t 12:36:57:16
IT'S BEEN AN ATTEMPT WITH A

_t 12:37:02:06
15-YEAR-OLD GIRL IN A HOTEL OUT

_t 12:37:08:04
ON ANY ROAD, IT'S A DIPLOMAT

_t 12:37:09:24
FROM ANOTHER COUNTRY WHO HAS

_t 12:37:13:19
SERVANTS IN THEIR APARTMENT IN

_t 12:37:16:24
FALLS CHURCH OR SILVER SPRING.

_t 12:37:19:25
THEY'RE NOT MAKING A LOT OF

_t 12:37:22:02
MONEY BUT THEY'RE GETTING

_t 12:37:23:09
SOMETHING OUT OF THAT. THEY GET THE FREE WORK, BUT ALSO, 

_t 12:37:24:07
THAT NOTION OF CRUELTY AND THE

_t 12:37:26:06
CRUEL MASTERS -- LOOK AT WHAT

_t 12:37:28:22
FREDERICK DOUGLASS TALKS

_t 12:37:29:25
ABOUT, THE WOMAN THAT WAS HIS

_t 12:37:31:06
MASTER WHEN HE GOT SENT TO

_t 12:37:33:11
BALTIMORE AS A HOUSE SLAVE AND

_t 12:37:34:18
HOW FIRST SHE WAS NICE TO HIM

_t 12:37:35:25
BECAUSE HE DIDN'T KNOW ANY

_t 12:37:37:14
BETTER.

_t 12:37:37:21
BY THE TIME SHE WAS DONE SHE WAS

_t 12:37:39:02
BEATING ON HIM ALL THE TIME,

_t 12:37:41:26
IT'S BECAUSE SOMETHING HAPPENS

_t 12:37:43:04
NOT JUST TO THE SLAVE BUT THE

_t 12:37:45:15
MASTER.

_t 12:37:45:21
WE SEE THAT NOW, THAT SOME OF

_t 12:37:48:14
THIS IS ECONOMIC AND SOME OF IT

_t 12:37:50:16
IS IN THAT EXTRA LITTLE LEVEL OF

_t 12:37:55:24
CRUELTY ON THE MART OF THE MASTERS AND THE TWO CAN'T REALLY

_t 12:37:57:22
BE SUSSED OUT AND I DON'T THINK

_t 12:38:00:02
THEY NECESSARILY WERE SUSSED

_t 12:38:01:19
OUT BACK THEN EITHER.

_t 12:38:03:04
WE THINK OF IT AS THIS IS AN

_t 12:38:04:26
ECONOMIC STRUCTURE BUT THERE

_t 12:38:05:24
WERE PEOPLE THAT WERE -- THAT

_t 12:38:07:24
LIVED, THAT LOVED, THAT HAD

_t 12:38:09:16
DIFFERENT RELATIONSHIPS THAT HAD

_t 12:38:11:12
CRUELTY, KINDNESS, ALL OF THIS

_t 12:38:15:19
WRAPPED UP IN THIS BECAUSE AT THE END OF THE DAY, SLAVERY IS ABOUT PEOPLE. 

_t 12:38:16:24
>> SO Y'ALL ARE THINKING WHAT

_t 12:38:18:10
CAN I DO? THIS IS SO BIG, THIS IS SYSTEMIC, THIS IS LONG TERM AND THAT'S 
ACTUALLY WHY WE HAVE ANNA 

_t 12:38:24:21
HERE BECAUSE ANNA IS 17 AND SHE

_t 12:38:28:18
DECIDED SHE WANTED TO DO

_t 12:38:30:24
SOMETHING.

_t 12:38:30:29
ONE OF THE BIG QUESTIONS IS WHAT

_t 12:38:31:29
CAN I DO? ANNA,

_t 12:38:33:02
TELL US WHAT YOU DID TO MAKE A

_t 12:38:35:02
DIFFERENCE?

_t 12:38:35:08
>> I WANT TO START WITH EDUCATION PARK AND

_t 12:38:40:18
JUST LIKE FREDERICK DOUGLASS GOING TO THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT, 
FREDERICK DOUGLASS

_t 12:38:42:27
TEACHING HIMSELF HOW TO READ AND THEN

_t 12:38:45:02
ARTICULATING

_t 12:38:46:20
THAT. WITH DR. KING, HE WAS

_t 12:38:49:29
JUST SO EDUCATED THAT HE WAS ABLE

_t 12:38:51:07
TO GET THE WORD OUT, I THINK

_t 12:38:53:06
WHAT WE NEED TO DO, WHAT MY

_t 12:38:55:09
GROUP, ABOLITIONIST STUDENTS STOPPING

_t 12:38:59:02
SLAVERY DOES IS WE PUT THE WORD

_t 12:39:00:22
OUT.

_t 12:39:00:29
WE ARE ABOUT AWARENESS.

_t 12:39:02:18
I FEEL NOT ONLY ARE YOU GIVING A

_t 12:39:04:27
VOICE TO THOSE WHO DON'T HAVE

_t 12:39:06:20
ONE BUT YOU ARE GIVING -- THE MORE

_t 12:39:08:06
PEOPLE THAT ARE AWARE, THE MORE

_t 12:39:09:29
PEOPLE THAT ARE WILLING TO MAKE

_t 12:39:11:09
A CHANGE AND I FEEL LIKE THAT'S

_t 12:39:12:28
WHERE IT STARTS.

_t 12:39:13:19
WHEN YOU START EDUCATING AND

_t 12:39:14:29
PUTTING THIS IN PEOPLE'S MINDS,

_t 12:39:16:22
IT'S HARD TO GET BACK FROM IT,

_t 12:39:18:08
LIKE THE FACT THAT YOU'RE ALL

_t 12:39:20:02
HERE NOW LEARNING ABOUT THIS IS

_t 12:39:21:27
WHERE IT STARTS, AND I WAS AT

_t 12:39:24:06
EVENTS LIKE THIS, LIKE THIS

_t 12:39:26:02
YEAR, LAST YEAR, AND JUST

_t 12:39:29:04
LIKE -- GAINING KNOWLEDGE AND

_t 12:39:30:24
INFORMATION IT SOUNDS SO CLICHE

_t 12:39:32:29
BUT KNOWLEDGE IS POWER AND

_t 12:39:33:24
THAT'S WHERE IT STARTS, I THINK AND

_t 12:39:35:14
THEN AFTER THAT, SASS DO A LOT OF 

_t 12:39:38:06
FUNDRAISING.

_t 12:39:38:12
>> WHAT DOES SASS STAND FOR?

_t 12:39:42:19
>> STUDENT ABOLITIONISTS

_t 12:39:47:03
STOPPING SLAVERY.

_t 12:39:47:21
AND SO FUNDRAISING IS HUGE BECAUSE HIGH SCHOOLERS YOU FEEL LIKE YOU

_t 12:39:49:07
CAN'T DO MUCH AND I CAN'T GO IN

_t 12:39:50:17
AND PHYSICALLY RESCUE KIDS FROM

_t 12:39:53:04
A HOME OR GO TO INDIA AND DO

_t 12:39:56:02
RESEARCH BUT WITH THE MONEY THAT

_t 12:39:57:06
DO RAISE, IT CAN GO TO

_t 12:39:59:05
NONPROFIT ORGANIZATIONS SUCH AS FREE THE SLAVES WHICH IS WHAT SASS DOES
AND YOU

_t 12:40:02:21
CAN FEEL LIKE YOU DID THAT PART

_t 12:40:05:02
BECAUSE YOU'RE GIVING THAT MONEY

_t 12:40:06:08
TO THOSE PEOPLE WHO CAN GO OUT

_t 12:40:08:02
AND DO THE PHYSICAL WORK AND

_t 12:40:09:24
SAVE PEOPLE. AND THEN SIMPLE

_t 12:40:11:11
THINGS LIKE WRITING A PETITION

_t 12:40:12:27
TO YOUR STATE LEGISLATOR.

_t 12:40:17:22
CONNECTICUT DIDN'T HAVE A LAW

_t 12:40:19:02
AGAINST HUMAN TRAFFICKING AND

_t 12:40:21:23
UNTIL 2004 WHEN SASS STARTED, THEY

_t 12:40:26:03
WROTE A PETITION TO THE CONNECTICUT STATE LEGISLATURE TO GET

_t 12:40:28:28
THE LAW PASSED. SO SMALL THINGS LIKE THAT, WRITING A LETTER, EVEN TO COMPANIES. 

_t 12:40:30:08
WE WROTE -- LIKE VALENTINE'S DAY IS

_t 12:40:36:27
COMING UP, AND WE WROTE TO HERSHEYS. AND THEY DIDN'T HAVE FAIR TRADE

_t 12:40:39:15
CHOCOLATE SO WE WROTE LETTERS

_t 12:40:43:17
THAT SAID HAVE A HEART AND MADE

_t 12:40:45:08
IT PRETTY AND SAID, "HEY, DO YOU WANT

_t 12:40:47:29
FAIR TRADE TO BE PART OF WHAT

_t 12:40:48:27
YOU DO?"

_t 12:40:50:23
AND HERSHEY'S HAS.

_t 12:40:52:04
JUST THAT SMALL PUSHED HELPED

_t 12:40:54:06
THEM TO BECOME FAIR TRADE.

_t 12:40:55:27
AND SOMETHING THAT YOU MIGHT

_t 12:40:57:14
THINK IS INSIGNIFICANT IS NOT

_t 12:41:00:03
BECAUSE, I MEAN, I'M HERE JUST

_t 12:41:01:22
FOR THE LITTLE WORK I HAVE DONE

_t 12:41:03:18
WITH MY GROUP.

_t 12:41:04:23
SO ANY ONE OF YOUR COULD BE UP

_t 12:41:06:27
HERE JUST FOR A LITTLE WORK THAT

_t 12:41:09:23
YOU DO.

_t 12:41:09:26
>> I THINK THAT'S A GREAT WAY TO

_t 12:41:12:09
END, ANY OF YOU COULD DO

_t 12:41:14:05
SOMETHING BIG WITH A LITTLE BIT OF WORK TODAY.

_t 12:41:15:24
EVERYBODY, LET'S THANK OUR PANEL.

_t 12:41:25:09
AND THANKS TO THE SMITHSONIAN

_t 12:41:27:02
FOR PUTTING TOGETHER THIS

_t 12:41:29:18
FANTASTIC PROJECT!

_t 12:41:30:17---------------------------------------------END OF WEBCAST
[APPLAUSE]

_t 12:41:36:18
>> OK, YOU HAVE GUYS.

_t 12:41:37:27
I TOLD YOU, YOU HAD TO BE

_t 12:41:40:02
JOURNALIST.

_t 12:41:40:06
WHO HAS A QUESTION FOR THE

_t 12:41:41:07
PANEL?

_t 12:41:44:11
WHERE IS MY HEADBAND DUDE?

_t 12:42:13:14
[INAUDIBLE QUESTION]

_t 12:42:14:29
>> FOR THOSE OF YOU WHO DIDN'T

_t 12:42:16:18
HEAR THE QUESTION, WHAT

_t 12:42:19:29
COUNTRIES ARE EXPECTED OF

_t 12:42:23:29
SLAVERY.

_t 12:42:24:04
>> I THINK MOST PEOPLE WOULD SAY

_t 12:42:26:15
INDIA.

_t 12:42:26:21
BUT I THINK THAT WE SEE A LOT IN

_t 12:42:28:22
THE CONGO, BECAUSE THERE'S ALL

_t 12:42:31:23
OF THE MINERALS IN THE CONGO AND

_t 12:42:34:14
PEOPLE ARE BEING ENSLAVED TO DO

_t 12:42:36:03
THE MINING AND THERE ARE ALSO

_t 12:42:38:12
ARMIES THAT I'M SURE YOU ARE

_t 12:42:40:12
FAMILIAR WITH THAT ARE -- I

_t 12:42:47:08
THINK IN AFRICA WE'RE WORRIED

_t 12:42:49:10
ABOUT CONGO:  WE'RE WORRIED

_t 12:42:52:11
ABOUT INDIA AND ALSO THE UNITED

_t 12:42:54:13
STATES BECAUSE THERE ARE, YOU

_t 12:42:58:09
KNOW KIDS THAT ARE AT RISK THAT

_t 12:43:00:28
APPEAR IN THE U.S.

_t 12:43:03:04
WE NEED TO LOOK AT THIS AT HOME

_t 12:43:05:02
AS WELL.

_t 12:43:12:29
>> GREAT QUESTION.

_t 12:43:14:12
ANYBODY ELSE?

_t 12:43:15:29
IN THE BACK?

_t 12:43:17:29
PLEASE STAND UP.

_t 12:43:18:27
>> HI.

_t 12:43:46:09
>> LADIES AND GENTLEMEN THANK

_t 12:43:46:27
YOU VERY MUCH FOR BEING PART OF

_t 12:43:48:05
OUR PROGRAM TODAY.

_t 12:43:49:09
WE WANT TO BE RESPECTFUL TO ALL

_t 12:43:50:16
OF OUR FELLOW STUDENTS AND TO

_t 12:43:52:05
OUR PANELISTS TODAY SO I NEED

_t 12:43:54:08
EVERYONE TO TURN AND LOOK AT THE

_t 12:43:55:14
PERSON OVER THERE WHO IS ASKING

_t 12:43:56:29
US THE QUESTION AND GIVE HER

_t 12:43:59:23
YOUR ABSOLUTELY -- ABSOLUTELY

_t 12:44:04:19
UNDIVIDED ATTENTION.

_t 12:44:16:07
[INAUDIBLE QUESTION]

_t 12:44:20:24
>> TRAFFIC IS SOMETHING THAT HAS

_t 12:44:24:19
BEEN AROUND FOREVER.

_t 12:44:25:14
THE NOTION OF OLD SOUTH SLAVERY,

_t 12:44:29:24
WHEN IT CAME TO THE UNITED

_t 12:44:35:27
STATES, WHEN THE FIRST SLAVES

_t 12:44:39:24
FROM AFRICA AND FROM EUROPE CAME

_t 12:44:42:08
TO THE UNITED STATES PHYSICALLY

_t 12:44:45:18
IF YOU WORKED FOR THAT PERSON

_t 12:44:46:28
FOR SEVEN YEARS OR SOMETHING

_t 12:44:47:26
LIKE THAT, YOU PAID OFF YOUR

_t 12:44:49:14
DEBT AND THEN YOU WERE FREE TO

_t 12:44:51:28
GO.

_t 12:44:52:05
SO IT WASN'T UNTIL ABOUT 50

_t 12:44:54:09
YEARS IN --ZO,[PQA m¦